Internal Revenue Bulletin: 2024-6

February 5, 2024


HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS ISSUE

These synopses are intended only as aids to the reader in identifying the subject matter covered. They may not be relied upon as authoritative interpretations.

ADMINISTRATIVE

Announcement 2024-4, page 665.

Section 80603(b)(3) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. No. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429, 1339 (2021) (Infrastructure Act) amended section 6050I of the Internal Revenue Code to add digital assets to the list of assets included in the definition of cash in section 6050I(d). This Announcement clarifies that until the IRS issues new final regulations under section 6050I to implement the Infrastructure Act, digital assets are not required to be included when determining whether cash received in a single transaction (or two or more related transactions) has a value in excess of the $10,000 reporting threshold for purposes of determining whether reporting is required under section 6050I.

EMPLOYEE PLANS

Notice 2024-21, page 659.

This notice sets forth updates on the corporate bond monthly yield curve, the corresponding spot segment rates for January 2024 used under § 417(e)(3)(D), the 24-month average segment rates applicable for December 2023, and the 30-year Treasury rates, as reflected by the application of § 430(h)(2)(C)(iv).

Notice 2024-22, page 662.

The IRS is issuing initial guidance on pension-linked emergency savings accounts (PLESAs), which are individual accounts, in defined contribution plans, that are designed to encourage employees to save for financial emergencies. The notice provides initial guidance regarding anti-abuse rules under section 402A(e)(12) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) to assist in the implementation of SECURE 2.0 Act section 127 provisions.

T.D. 9987, page 648.

These regulations provide guidance relating to the minimum present value requirements applicable to certain defined benefit pension plans. These regulations provide guidance on changes made by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 to the prescribed interest rate and mortality table and other guidance, including rules regarding the treatment of preretirement mortality discounts and Social Security level income options.

26 CFR 411(d)-3; 26 CFR 417(e)-1

INCOME TAX

Rev. Rul. 2024-3, page 646.

Federal rates; adjusted federal rates; adjusted federal long-term rate, and the long-term tax exempt rate. For purposes of sections 382, 1274, 1288, 7872 and other sections of the Code, tables set forth the rates for February 2024.

(Also Sections 42, 280G, 382, 467, 468, 482, 483, 1288, 7520, 7872.)

The IRS Mission

Provide America’s taxpayers top-quality service by helping them understand and meet their tax responsibilities and enforce the law with integrity and fairness to all.

Introduction

The Internal Revenue Bulletin is the authoritative instrument of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for announcing official rulings and procedures of the Internal Revenue Service and for publishing Treasury Decisions, Executive Orders, Tax Conventions, legislation, court decisions, and other items of general interest. It is published weekly.

It is the policy of the Service to publish in the Bulletin all substantive rulings necessary to promote a uniform application of the tax laws, including all rulings that supersede, revoke, modify, or amend any of those previously published in the Bulletin. All published rulings apply retroactively unless otherwise indicated. Procedures relating solely to matters of internal management are not published; however, statements of internal practices and procedures that affect the rights and duties of taxpayers are published.

Revenue rulings represent the conclusions of the Service on the application of the law to the pivotal facts stated in the revenue ruling. In those based on positions taken in rulings to taxpayers or technical advice to Service field offices, identifying details and information of a confidential nature are deleted to prevent unwarranted invasions of privacy and to comply with statutory requirements.

Rulings and procedures reported in the Bulletin do not have the force and effect of Treasury Department Regulations, but they may be used as precedents. Unpublished rulings will not be relied on, used, or cited as precedents by Service personnel in the disposition of other cases. In applying published rulings and procedures, the effect of subsequent legislation, regulations, court decisions, rulings, and procedures must be considered, and Service personnel and others concerned are cautioned against reaching the same conclusions in other cases unless the facts and circumstances are substantially the same.

The Bulletin is divided into four parts as follows:

Part I.—1986 Code. This part includes rulings and decisions based on provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

Part II.—Treaties and Tax Legislation. This part is divided into two subparts as follows: Subpart A, Tax Conventions and Other Related Items, and Subpart B, Legislation and Related Committee Reports.

Part III.—Administrative, Procedural, and Miscellaneous. To the extent practicable, pertinent cross references to these subjects are contained in the other Parts and Subparts. Also included in this part are Bank Secrecy Act Administrative Rulings. Bank Secrecy Act Administrative Rulings are issued by the Department of the Treasury’s Office of the Assistant Secretary (Enforcement).

Part IV.—Items of General Interest. This part includes notices of proposed rulemakings, disbarment and suspension lists, and announcements.

The last Bulletin for each month includes a cumulative index for the matters published during the preceding months. These monthly indexes are cumulated on a semiannual basis, and are published in the last Bulletin of each semiannual period.

Part I

Section 1274.—Determination of Issue Price in the Case of Certain Debt Instruments Issued for Property

Rev. Rul. 2024-03

This revenue ruling provides various prescribed rates for federal income tax purposes for February 2024 (the current month). Table 1 contains the short-term, mid-term, and long-term applicable federal rates (AFR) for the current month for purposes of section 1274(d) of the Internal Revenue Code. Table 2 contains the short-term, mid-term, and long-term adjusted applicable federal rates (adjusted AFR) for the current month for purposes of section 1288(b). Table 3 sets forth the adjusted federal long-term rate and the long-term tax-exempt rate described in section 382(f). Table 4 contains the appropriate percentages for determining the low-income housing credit described in section 42(b)(1) for buildings placed in service during the current month. However, under section 42(b)(2), the applicable percentage for non-federally subsidized new buildings placed in service after July 30, 2008, shall not be less than 9%. Finally, Table 5 contains the federal rate for determining the present value of an annuity, an interest for life or for a term of years, or a remainder or a reversionary interest for purposes of section 7520.

REV. RUL. 2024-03 TABLE 1 Applicable Federal Rates (AFR) for February 2024 Period for Compounding

Annual Semiannual Quarterly Monthly
Short-term
AFR 4.68% 4.63% 4.60% 4.59%
110% AFR 5.15% 5.09% 5.06% 5.04%
120% AFR 5.64% 5.56% 5.52% 5.50%
130% AFR 6.11% 6.02% 5.98% 5.95%
Mid-term
AFR 3.98% 3.94% 3.92% 3.91%
110% AFR 4.38% 4.33% 4.31% 4.29%
120% AFR 4.79% 4.73% 4.70% 4.68%
130% AFR 5.19% 5.12% 5.09% 5.07%
150% AFR 6.00% 5.91% 5.87% 5.84%
175% AFR 7.02% 6.90% 6.84% 6.80%
Long-term
AFR 4.18% 4.14% 4.12% 4.10%
110% AFR 4.60% 4.55% 4.52% 4.51%
120% AFR 5.03% 4.97% 4.94% 4.92%
130% AFR 5.45% 5.38% 5.34% 5.32%
 

REV. RUL. 2024-03 TABLE 2 Adjusted AFR for February 2024 Period for Compounding

Annual Semiannual Quarterly Monthly
Short-term adjusted AFR 3.55% 3.52% 3.50% 3.49%
Mid-term adjusted AFR 3.01% 2.99% 2.98% 2.97%
Long-term adjusted AFR 3.16% 3.14% 3.13% 3.12%
 

REV. RUL. 2024-03 TABLE 3

Rates Under Section 382 for February 2024
Adjusted federal long-term rate for the current month 3.16%
Long-term tax-exempt rate for ownership changes during the current month (the highest of the adjusted federal long-term rates for the current month and the prior two months.) 3.81%
 

REV. RUL. 2024-03 TABLE 4

Appropriate Percentages Under Section 42(b)(1) for February 2024
Note: Under section 42(b)(2), the applicable percentage for non-federally subsidized new buildings placed in service after July 30, 2008, shall not be less than 9%.
Appropriate percentage for the 70% present value low-income housing credit 7.95%
Appropriate percentage for the 30% present value low-income housing credit 3.41%
 

REV. RUL. 2024-03 TABLE 5

Rate Under Section 7520 for February 2024
Applicable federal rate for determining the present value of an annuity, an interest for life or a term of years, or a remainder or reversionary interest 4.80%

Section 42.—Low-Income Housing Credit

The applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 280G.—Golden Parachute Payments

The applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 382.—Limitation on Net Operating Loss Carryforwards and Certain Built-In Losses Following Ownership Change

The adjusted applicable federal long-term rate is set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 467.—Certain Payments for the Use of Property or Services

The applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 468.—Special Rules for Mining and Solid Waste Reclamation and Closing Costs

The applicable federal short-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 482.—Allocation of Income and Deductions Among Taxpayers

The applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 483.—Interest on Certain Deferred Payments

The applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 1288.—Treatment of Original Issue Discount on Tax-Exempt Obligations

The adjusted applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 7520.—Valuation Tables

The applicable federal mid-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

Section 7872.—Treatment of Loans With Below-Market Interest Rates

The applicable federal short-term, mid-term, and long-term rates are set forth for the month of February 2024. See Rev. Rul. 2024-03, page 646.

T.D. 9987

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1

Update to Minimum Present Value Requirements for Defined Benefit Plan Distributions

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Final regulations.

SUMMARY: This document sets forth final regulations providing guidance relating to the minimum present value requirements applicable to certain defined benefit pension plans. These regulations provide guidance on changes made by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 to the prescribed interest rate and mortality table and other guidance, including rules regarding the treatment of preretirement mortality discounts and Social Security level income options. These regulations affect participants, beneficiaries, sponsors, and administrators of defined benefit pension plans.

DATES: Effective date: These regulations are effective on January 19, 2024.

Applicability date: These regulations generally apply to distributions with annuity starting dates that occur on or after October 1, 2024.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Diane S. Bloom or Linda S. F. Marshall at (202) 317-6700 (not a toll-free number).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

Section 401(a)(11) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) provides rules that a defined benefit plan must satisfy with respect to a vested participant in order to be a qualified plan under section 401(a). Under those rules, except as provided under section 417: (1) if the participant survives to the annuity starting date, the accrued benefit payable to the participant must be provided in the form of a qualified joint and survivor annuity (QJSA); and (2) if the participant dies before the annuity starting date and has a surviving spouse, the plan must provide a qualified preretirement survivor annuity (QPSA) to the surviving spouse.

Under section 417(e)(1), a plan may provide that the present value of a QJSA or a QPSA will be distributed immediately if that present value does not exceed the amount that may be distributed without the participant’s consent under section 411(a)(11).1 Under section 417(e)(2), if the present value of the QJSA or the QPSA exceeds that amount, then a plan may immediately distribute the present value of the QJSA or the QPSA only if the participant and the spouse of the participant (or, if the participant has died, the surviving spouse) consent in writing to the distribution.

Section 417(e)(3)(A) provides that the present value of the QJSA or QPSA must not be less than the present value calculated by using the applicable mortality table and the applicable interest rate.2

Section 417(e)(3)(B), as amended by section 302 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, Public Law 109-280, 120 Stat. 780 (PPA ’06), provides that the term “applicable mortality table” means a mortality table, modified as appropriate by the Secretary, based on the mortality table specified for the plan year under section 430(h)(3)(A) of the Code (without regard to section 430(h)(3)(C) or (D)).

Section 417(e)(3)(C), as amended by section 302 of PPA ‘06, provides that the term “applicable interest rate” means the adjusted first, second, and third segment rates applied under rules similar to the rules of section 430(h)(2)(C) of the Code for the month before the date of the distribution or such other time as the Secretary may prescribe by regulations. However, for purposes of section 417(e)(3), these rates are determined without regard to the segment rate stabilization rules of section 430(h)(2)(C)(iv). In addition, under section 417(e)(3)(D), these rates are determined using the average yields for a month, rather than the 24-month average used under section 430(h)(2)(D).

Section 411(a)(13), as added by section 701(b) of PPA ‘06, provides that an “applicable defined benefit plan,” as defined by section 411(a)(13)(C) of the Code, is not treated as failing to meet the requirements of section 417(e) with respect to accrued benefits derived from employer contributions solely because the present value of a participant’s accrued benefit (or any portion thereof) may be, under the terms of the plan, equal to the amount expressed as the hypothetical account balance or as an accumulated percentage of such participant’s final average compensation.

The Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department) and the IRS issued final regulations under section 417 relating to the QJSA and QPSA requirements in 1988 (53 FR 31854, August 22, 1988), and amended those regulations in 1998 (63 FR 16898, April 3, 1998), to reflect changes to section 417(e)(3) enacted by the Retirement Protection Act of 1994, Subtitle F of Title VII of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Public Law 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809 (RPA ‘94). Section 1.417(e)-1 was further amended in 2016 (81 FR 62359, September 9, 2016) to permit defined benefit plans to bifurcate a benefit that is paid partly in the form of an annuity and partly in a more accelerated form and to apply the requirements of section 417(e)(3) only to the accelerated portion of the distribution. However, §1.417(e)-1 was not updated at that time to reflect changes made by PPA ‘06.

Under §1.417(e)-1(d)(1), a defined benefit plan generally must provide that the present value of any accrued benefit and the amount (subject to sections 411(c)(3) and 415) of any distribution, including a single sum, may not be less than the amount calculated using the applicable interest rate and the applicable mortality table. In addition, under §1.417(e)-1(d)(1), the present value of any optional form of benefit may not be less than the present value of the normal retirement benefit determined in accordance with the preceding sentence.

Section 1.417(e)-1(d)(6) provides an exception from the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e) and §1.417(e)-1(d) for certain distributions. This exception applies to the amount of a distribution paid in the form of an annual benefit that either does not decrease during the life of the participant (or, in the case of a QPSA, the life of the participant’s spouse), or that decreases during the life of the participant merely because of (1) the death of the survivor annuitant (but only if the reduction is to a level not below 50 percent of the annual benefit payable before the death of the survivor annuitant), or (2) the cessation or reduction of Social Security supplements or qualified disability benefits.

Section 1.401(a)-20 provides rules regarding the survivor annuity requirements of sections 401(a)(11) and 417. Section 1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16, provides that, in the case of a married participant, the QJSA must be at least as valuable as any other optional form of benefit payable under the plan at the same time. Section 1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16 does not specify a particular actuarial basis for applying this requirement; therefore, this requirement may be satisfied using any set of reasonable actuarial assumptions. In addition, §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16 provides that a plan does not fail to satisfy the at-least-as-valuable requirement merely because the amount payable under an optional form of benefit that is subject to the minimum present value requirement of section 417(e)(3) is calculated using the applicable interest rate (and, for periods when required, the applicable mortality table) under section 417(e)(3).

Under section 401(a)(7), a plan is not a qualified plan unless the plan satisfies the requirements of section 411. Section 411(d)(6)(A) provides that a plan is treated as not satisfying the requirements of section 411 if it is amended to reduce accrued benefits (subject to certain exceptions). For this purpose, section 411(d)(6)(B) provides that a plan amendment is treated as impermissibly reducing accrued benefits if it has the effect of eliminating or reducing an early retirement benefit or a retirement-type subsidy, or eliminating an optional form of benefit, with respect to benefits attributable to service before the amendment. However, the last sentence of section 411(d)(6)(B) provides that the Secretary may by regulations provide that section 411(d)(6)(B) does not apply to a plan amendment that eliminates an optional form of benefit (other than a plan amendment that has the effect of eliminating or reducing an early retirement benefit or a retirement-type subsidy).

Notice 2007-81, 2007-2 CB 899, provides guidance on the applicable interest rate. Rev. Rul. 2007-67, 2007-2 CB 1047, provides guidance on the applicable mortality table3 and the timing rules that apply to the determination of the applicable interest rate under section 417(e)(3)(C) and the applicable mortality table under section 417(e)(3)(B).

Sections 203(e), 204(g), and 205(g) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Public Law 93-406, 88 Stat. 829, as amended (ERISA), provide rules that are parallel to Code sections 411(a)(11), 411(d)(6), and 417(e), respectively. Under section 101 of Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978, 5 U.S.C. App., as amended, the Secretary of the Treasury has interpretive jurisdiction over the subject matter addressed in these regulations for purposes of ERISA, as well as the Code. Thus, these regulations apply for purposes of the Code and the corresponding provisions of ERISA.

In West v. AK Steel Corporation Retirement Accumulation Pension Plan, 484 F.3d 395, 411 (6th Cir. 2007), cert. denied 555 U.S. 1097 (2009), the court held that a preretirement mortality discount could not be used in the computation of the present value of a participant’s single-sum distribution under a cash balance plan if the death benefit under the plan was equal in value to the participant’s accrued benefit under the plan. The court found that, if a participant’s beneficiary is entitled to the participant’s entire accrued benefit upon the participant’s death before attainment of normal retirement age, the use of a mortality discount for the period before normal retirement age would result in a partial forfeiture of benefits in violation of the ERISA vesting rules that correspond to the rules of section 411(a). Id. See also Berger v. Xerox Retirement Income Guaranty Plan, 231 F.Supp.2d 804, 814 (S.D. Ill. 2002), modified and affirmed, 338 F.3d 755, 764 (7th Cir. 2003) (holding that use of a preretirement mortality discount was not warranted in determining participants’ normal retirement benefits payable under plan); Crosby v. Bowater, Inc. Ret. Plan, 212 F.R.D. 350, 362 (W.D. Mich. 2002), rev’d on other grounds, 382 F.3d 587 (6th Cir. 2004), cert. denied 544 U.S. 976 (2005) (holding that accrued benefits include not only retirement benefits themselves, but also death benefits which are directly related to the value of the retirement benefits); and McCutcheon v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 62 F.4th 674 (2nd Cir. 2023) (holding that a preretirement mortality factor may not be applied to calculate the value of a participant’s accrued benefit previously distributed from a cash-balance plan for purposes of determining a residual annuity). In Stewart v. AT&T Inc., 354 Fed. App’x. 111, 118 (5th Cir. 2009), however, the court held that a preretirement mortality discount was appropriately applied to determine a single-sum distribution under a traditional defined benefit plan. The court distinguished AK Steel and Berger on the basis that the plans at issue in those cases did not provide for a forfeiture of the accrued benefit on the death of the participant before retirement, whereas the plan at issue in Stewart provided for such a forfeiture.

Proposed regulations that would update the regulations under section 417(e) and make certain clarifying changes were published in the Federal Register on November 25, 2016 (81 FR 85190). Comments were received on the proposed regulations, and a public hearing was held on March 7, 2017. After consideration of the comments, the proposed regulations are adopted by this Treasury decision with certain changes described in the section of this preamble entitled “Summary of Comments and Explanation of Revisions.”

Summary of Comments and Explanation of Revisions

1. Overview

These regulations amend the existing regulations under section 417(e) regarding the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) in several respects. Specifically, these regulations update §1.417(e)-1 to reflect changes to sections 411(a) and 417(e) made by PPA ’06 and to eliminate certain obsolete provisions. These regulations also set forth other updates and clarifying changes.

2. Updates to Reflect Statutory Changes

These regulations update the existing regulations to reflect the statutory changes made by PPA ’06, including the new interest rates and mortality tables set forth in section 417(e)(3) and the exception from the valuation rules for certain applicable defined benefit plans set forth in section 411(a)(13). These regulations clarify that, for purposes of section 417(e)(3), the interest rates that are published by the Commissioner are to be used without further adjustment. In addition, these regulations eliminate obsolete provisions relating to the transition from pre-1995 law to the interest rates and mortality assumptions under section 417(e)(3) as modified by RPA ’94.

3. Treatment of Preretirement Mortality

These regulations adopt the rules set forth in the proposed regulations relating to the treatment of preretirement mortality discounts in determining the minimum present value of accrued benefits. Those rules address the issue raised by AK Steel and Berger of whether a plan that provides a death benefit equal in value to the accrued benefit may apply a preretirement mortality discount for the probability of death when determining the amount of a single-sum distribution.

Section 411(a) sets forth rules limiting the forfeiture of accrued benefits. Under section 411(a)(1), an employee’s rights in the accrued benefit derived from employee contributions must be nonforfeitable. In addition, an employee’s rights in the accrued benefit derived from employer contributions must become nonforfeitable at least as quickly as under one of the vesting schedules specified in section 411(a)(2). Section 411(a)(3)(A) provides that a right to an accrued benefit derived from employer contributions is not treated as forfeitable solely because the plan provides that it is not payable if the participant dies.

Section 411(a)(7)(A)(i) defines a participant’s accrued benefit under a defined benefit plan as the employee’s accrued benefit determined under the plan and, except as provided in section 411(c)(3), expressed in the form of an annual benefit commencing at normal retirement age. Section 1.411(a)-7(a)(1) provides that the term “accrued benefit” refers only to pension or retirement benefits. Consequently, accrued benefits do not include ancillary benefits not directly related to retirement benefits, such as incidental death benefits.

A death benefit under a defined benefit plan that is payable if the participant dies before attaining normal retirement age and before benefits commence is not part of the participant’s accrued benefit within the meaning of section 411(a)(7) and, accordingly, the nonforfeiture rules of section 411(a) do not apply to this type of death benefit. This is the case even if the amount of the death benefit is the same as the amount the participant would have received if, instead of dying, the participant had separated from service and elected to receive an immediate distribution. Moreover, such an ancillary death benefit can be eliminated by plan amendment without violating the anti-cutback rule of section 411(d)(6).

Consistent with this analysis, section 417(e) does not require ancillary death benefits (that is, a death benefit that is not part of the accrued benefit) to be taken into account in the calculation of the minimum present value of the accrued benefit. Accordingly, under the proposed regulations, the probability of death under the applicable mortality table generally is taken into account for purposes of determining the minimum amount of a lump sum distribution under the plan that is equal to the present value of the accrued benefit (or the optional form of benefit, if applicable) under section 417(e)(3), and that minimum amount is not required to include the present value of the death benefits provided under the plan (other than a death benefit that is part of the accrued benefit or part of the optional form of benefit for which present value is determined). Commenters generally supported this rule in the proposed regulations, and it is included in the final regulations at §1.417(e)-1(d)(2)(ii)(A).4

Some commenters raised an issue regarding the effect of the rule on plan designs under which the probability of death is not taken into account in determining the amount of a single-sum distribution because the plan provides a death benefit equal in value to the present value of the accrued benefit.5 These commenters expressed concern that this type of plan design might violate the requirement of §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16, that, for a married participant, the QJSA must be at least as valuable as any other optional form of benefit payable under the plan at the same time, and would not be eligible for the exception that applies to an optional form of benefit that is calculated in accordance with the requirements of section 417(e)(3) (because disregarding the probability of death before normal retirement age in calculating the amount of a distribution in an optional form of benefit to which section 417(e)(3) applies would increase the present value of that distribution above the minimum present value required under section 417(e)(3)).

The Treasury Department and the IRS did not intend for the rule requiring the probability of death to be taken into account for purposes of determining minimum present value to prohibit this plan design. Accordingly, these regulations expand eligibility for the exception to the rule under §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16, for certain optional forms of benefit. The existing exception under §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16, applies to an optional form of benefit that is subject to the requirements of section 417(e)(3) and is calculated using the applicable interest rate and the applicable mortality table. Under the expanded eligibility for that exception provided for in §1.417(e)-1(d)(2)(ii)(C)(1), the amount payable under an optional form of benefit is treated as calculated using the applicable interest rate and applicable mortality table under section 417(e)(3) (and therefore is eligible for this exception) even if the amount payable is calculated taking into account both the probability of death before retirement and any death benefit under the plan.

These regulations also adopt the rule under the proposed regulations under which, for purposes of determining the present value under section 417(e)(3) with respect to the portion of the accrued benefit derived from employee contributions (the employee-provided accrued benefit) that is computed in accordance with the rules of section 411(c)(2), the probability of death before the assumed commencement date may not be taken into account. This rule is different from the rule that applies to the portion of the accrued benefit derived from employer contributions (the employer-provided accrued benefit) because an employee’s rights in the employee-provided accrued benefit are nonforfeitable under section 411(a)(1), and the exception for death under section 411(a)(3)(A) to the nonforfeitability of the employer-provided accrued benefit does not apply to the employee-provided accrued benefit.

These regulations include an example to illustrate the application of the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) in the case of a single-sum distribution of a participant’s entire accrued benefit that consists of both the employee-provided accrued benefit and the employer-provided accrued benefit. Consistent with the rules in these regulations, the example illustrates that a single-sum distribution of the participant’s entire accrued benefit in this case must be no less than the sum of the minimum present value of the employee-provided accrued benefit, determined under section 417(e)(3) (applying the special rules set forth in the preceding paragraph), and the minimum present value of the employer-provided accrued benefit, determined under section 417(e)(3).

Note that Rev. Rul. 89-60, 1989-1 CB 113 (as corrected by Announcement 89-65, 1989-21 IRB 33), provides that it is sufficient for a single-sum distribution to equal the greater of: (1) the minimum present value of the employee-provided accrued benefit (determined using the actuarial assumptions specified in section 411(c)(2) and Rev. Rul. 76-47, 1976-1 CB 109, taking into account the principle illustrated in Rev. Rul. 78-202, 1978-1 CB 124), and (2) the minimum present value of the participant’s entire accrued benefit using plan assumptions subject to the interest rate limitation of section 417(e). The determination under Rev. Rul. 89-60 of these minimum present values does not reflect the specification in 1994 of a mortality assumption in section 417(e)(3)(B).6 Several commenters noted that some plan sponsors, in the absence of updated guidance following the 1994 amendment to section 417(e), have applied a preretirement mortality discount to both the employer-provided and employee-provided portions of the accrued benefit. These regulations modify and supersede the guidance in Rev. Rul. 89-60 to the extent the revenue ruling is inconsistent with these regulations.

Several commenters raised concerns that the prohibition on taking preretirement mortality into account in determining the present value of the employee-provided accrued benefit would require a redetermination of a participant’s remaining accrued benefit if the participant had received a partial distribution in the past. As discussed in the “Applicability Dates” section of this preamble, these regulations do not change the results of calculations that were made in accordance with the rules that applied before the applicability date of these regulations. Therefore, the regulations would not require the redetermination of a participant’s remaining accrued benefit in such a case.

One commenter observed that some employers would prefer not to use different factors for the employer-provided portion of a benefit and the employee-provided portion of a benefit (and accordingly would like to determine the full amount of a single-sum distribution using the factor required to be used for the employee-provided portion of the benefit). A single-sum distribution determined in this manner would be greater than the minimum single-sum distribution that would satisfy section 417(e)(3) (and therefore would not be eligible for the exception to the requirement under §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16). To address this concern, these regulations provide a second expansion of eligibility to use that exception. Under this rule (at §1.417(e)-1(d)(2)(ii)(C)(2)), the amount payable under an optional form of benefit is treated as calculated using the applicable interest rate and applicable mortality table under section 417(e)(3) (and therefore is eligible for the exception to §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16), even if, under the plan, the present value factor used for the employer-provided portion of the benefit is the present value factor that is required to be used for the employee-provided portion of the benefit (that is, a present value factor that does not take into account preretirement mortality).

Some commenters raised concerns about the implications of the rule that the probability of death is taken into account in determining minimum present value for distributions commencing after normal retirement age. Section 1.417(e)-1(d)(1)(i)(A) provides that, for a distribution commencing after normal retirement age, the minimum present value under section 417(e)(3) is determined based on the immediate annuity rather than the accrued benefit payable as of normal retirement age. However, the extent to which the probability of death is taken into account in determining the annuity commencing after normal retirement age that is actuarially equivalent to the accrued benefit commencing at normal retirement age is an issue that arises under section 411(a), rather than under section 417(e)(3), and is expected to be addressed in future proposed regulations under section 411(a).7

4. Social Security Level Income Options

The proposed regulations address the applicability of the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) to a Social Security level income option (SSLIO). An SSLIO is an optional form of benefit (within the meaning of section 411(d)(6)(B) and §1.411(d)-3(g)(6)(ii)) under which a participant’s accrued benefit is paid in the form of an annuity for the life of the participant, with additional temporary annuity payments in earlier years, before an assumed Social Security commencement age, to provide the participant with approximately level retirement income when the estimated Social Security payments are taken into account.

As noted in the Background section of this preamble, §1.417(e)-1(d)(6) provides that the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) do not apply to the amount of a distribution paid in the form of an annual benefit that does not decrease during the life of the participant, or that decreases during the life of the participant merely because of the death of the survivor annuitant or the cessation or reduction of Social Security supplements or qualified disability benefits. A Social Security supplement is defined in §1.411(a)-7(c)(4) as a benefit for plan participants that both commences and terminates before the age when participants are entitled to old-age insurance benefits, unreduced on account of age, under title II of the Social Security Act (42 USC Chapter 7, subchapter II), as amended, and does not exceed those old-age insurance benefits. A Social Security supplement (other than a QSUPP as defined in §1.401(a)(4)-12) is an ancillary benefit within the meaning of §1.411(d)-3(g)(2) that is not a section 411(d)(6) protected benefit.

Because the periodic payments under an SSLIO decrease during the lifetime of the participant and the decrease is not the result of the cessation of an ancillary Social Security supplement, §1.417(e)-1(d)(6) does not provide an exception from the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) for this form of benefit. The proposed regulations included an example illustrating the application of the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) to an SSLIO. Commenters expressed a variety of views regarding this example. One commenter stated that it is reasonable to apply the minimum present value requirements to an SSLIO, while another commenter maintained that the minimum present value requirements should not apply to any optional forms of benefit other than a single-sum distribution. Some commenters suggested that the minimum present value requirements should apply only to the determination of the temporary annuity payments under an SSLIO and that the implicit bifurcation rule of §1.417(e)-1(d)(7)(ii)(B) should be expanded to permit bifurcation of that option into a temporary annuity portion and a remaining accrued benefit.

The Treasury Department and the IRS believe that it is appropriate to apply the rules of section 417(e)(3) to an SSLIO because, when a participant’s lifetime benefit is paid in that form, a portion of those benefits (which may be a substantial portion of the participant’s lifetime benefits) is accelerated and paid over a short period of time (that is, until assumed Social Security retirement age). Nevertheless, the Treasury Department and the IRS agree with those commenters who suggested that it is appropriate to permit a plan to satisfy section 417(e)(3) by implicitly bifurcating the participant’s benefit payable in the form of an SSLIO into a temporary annuity portion and a remaining annuity benefit. As a result, the regulations include a new implicit bifurcation rule for an SSLIO at §1.417(e)-1(d)(7)(ii)(C).

Under the new implicit bifurcation rule, the plan satisfies the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) with respect to the temporary annuity portion of an SSLIO if the plan satisfies two minimum requirements with respect to the remaining annuity benefit. First, the remaining accrued benefit expressed in the normal form and payable at normal retirement age (or current age, if later) must be at least as great as it would be if an annuity payable in that form and commencing at that age that is actuarially equivalent to the temporary annuity (determined using the applicable section 417(e)(3) assumptions) were subtracted from the participant’s accrued benefit. Second, the remaining immediate annuity expressed in the normal form must be at least as great as it would be if an immediate annuity payable in that form that is actuarially equivalent to the temporary annuity (determined using the applicable section 417(e)(3) assumptions) were subtracted from the immediate annuity. The regulations include an example illustrating the application of the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) to an SSLIO and an example to illustrate the application of the new implicit bifurcation rule to an SSLIO. A plan amendment that provides for implicit bifurcation of an SSLIO in accordance with this new rule must comply with the requirements of section 411(d)(6).

5. Section 411(d)(6) Relief for Changes in Lookback Months and Stability Periods for Mortality Table and Interest Rate

The proposed regulations retained the rules providing relief under section 411(d)(6) for a plan amendment that changes lookback months or stability periods for the applicable mortality table and applicable interest rate under section 417(e)(3). Under these rules, such a plan amendment does not violate section 411(d)(6) provided that, for a specified period, the participant is entitled to the greater of the benefits under the pre- and post-amendment timing rules. Commenters asked that this relief under section 411(d)(6) be expanded to apply to amendments that change the time for determining an interest rate or mortality table that is used for any purpose. Commenters observed that, given the requirement to use the more participant-favorable of the two sets of assumptions for a specified period, expanding this rule cannot be used to manipulate assumptions in the plan sponsor’s favor.

In response, these regulations expand the rule previously set forth in the regulations under section 417(e) by adopting a comparable rule under section 411(d)(6), which is set forth in §1.411(d)-3(a), that applies to amendments that change the time for determining an interest rate or mortality table that is used for any purpose. Under these regulations, a defined benefit plan may be amended by an amendment that is adopted on or after January 19, 2024 to change the stability period from one stability period permitted under §1.417(e)-1(d)(4)(ii) to a different permitted stability period, or to change the lookback month described in §1.417(e)-1(d)(4)(iii) from one permitted lookback month to a different permitted lookback month (including an indirect change to the stability period or lookback month as a result of a change in plan year). Such an amendment may be made with respect to any plan provision under which an interest rate or mortality table is specified by reference to a stability period or a lookback month, provided that the amount of any distribution for which the annuity starting date occurs on or after the effective date of the amendment and before the end of the one year period commencing on the applicable amendment date for the amendment is determined using the more participant-favorable of the two sets of assumptions.

For an amendment that changes the time for determining an interest rate or mortality table that is used for a purpose other than the minimum present value rules of section 417(e)(3), and that is adopted before January 19, 2024, whether an impermissible cutback under section 411(d)(6) has occurred is based on applicable law on the date the amendment is adopted. Thus, for example, if a plan amendment adopted before January 19, 2024 was permitted under §1.417(e)-1(d)(10)(ii) as in effect before the amendments made by these regulations, no violation of section 411(d)(6) will have occurred as a result of that plan amendment.

Commenters requested that relief from the anti-cutback rules of section 411(d)(6) be provided in additional situations. These situations involve plans that have been applying section 417(e) to determine the amount of a benefit but could satisfy section 417(e) using a less generous benefit calculation than is permitted under these regulations, such as the application of a preretirement mortality discount or the implicit bifurcation of a benefit paid in the form of an SSLIO. Commenters requested section 411(d)(6) relief for such a plan so that the plan could be amended to apply the less generous benefit calculation to benefits already accrued. The final regulations do not provide the requested section 411(d)(6) relief but instead provide the relief under §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16 described earlier in this Summary of Comments and Explanation of Provisions.

6. Applicability Dates

The changes to the regulations under section 417(e)(3) apply to distributions with annuity starting dates occurring on or after October 1, 2024, except as otherwise provided. For earlier distributions, the rules of §1.417(e)-1(d) as set forth in 26 CFR part 1, revised as of April 1, 2023, apply (taking into account any statutory changes and guidance of general applicability relating to those statutory changes), except that taxpayers may instead apply the rules of this Treasury decision. For example, if, before October 1, 2024, a participant received a payment equal to the present value of the participant’s employee-provided benefit determined in accordance with the valuation rules of section 417(e)(3) and §1.417(e)-1(d) that applied at the time of the distribution, then the determination of the participant’s remaining accrued benefit is not affected by any differences between those rules and the rules in this Treasury decision (unless the taxpayer chooses to apply the applicable rules of this Treasury decision).

The amendments to §1.411(d)-3(a) apply to plan amendments adopted on or after January 19, 2024.

Special Analyses

1. Regulatory Planning and Review – Economic Analysis

Pursuant to the Memorandum of Agreement, Review of Treasury Regulations under Executive Order 12866 (June 9, 2023), tax regulatory actions issued by the IRS are not subject to the requirements of section 6 of Executive Order 12866, as amended. Therefore, a regulatory impact assessment is not required.

2. Regulatory Flexibility Act

It is hereby certified that these regulations will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6). This certification is based on the fact that the regulations reflect the statutory changes to section 417(e) made by PPA ’06 and also provide additional flexibility in plan design. Specifically, the regulations reflect the statute in a manner that (i) is consistent with the statutory language, (ii) provides certain clarifications, and (iii) eases and facilitates plan administration. Although the regulations might affect a substantial number of individuals, the economic impact of the regulations on small businesses is not expected to be significant. For example, while the regulations clarify the application of the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e) to an SSLIO, most defined benefit plans sponsored by small employers do not include an SSLIO. Moreover, for those plans that do provide for SSLIOs, the regulations provide flexibility in the application of the minimum present value requirements by permitting the implicit bifurcation of the SSLIO into a temporary annuity (required to be determined using the minimum present value factors under section 417(e)(3)) and a life annuity (to which the minimum present value requirements do not apply). These regulations are not expected to result in any economically meaningful changes in behavior by small employers that sponsor defined benefit plans.

For the reasons stated, a regulatory flexibility analysis under the Regulatory Flexibility Act is not required. Pursuant to section 7805(f), the notice of proposed rulemaking preceding these regulations was submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for comment on their impact on small business, and no comments were received.

3. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

Section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires that agencies assess anticipated costs and benefits and take certain other actions before issuing a final rule that includes any Federal mandate that may result in expenditures in any one year by a State, local, or Tribal government, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million in 1995 dollars, updated annually for inflation. These regulations do not include any Federal mandate that may result in expenditures by State, local, or Tribal governments, or by the private sector in excess of that threshold.

4. Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)

Executive Order 13132 (Federalism) prohibits an agency from publishing any rule that has federalism implications if the rule either imposes substantial, direct compliance costs on State and local governments, and is not required by statute, or preempts State law, unless the agency meets the consultation and funding requirements of section 6 of the Executive order. These regulations do not have federalism implications, impose substantial direct compliance costs on State and local governments, or preempt State law within the meaning of the Executive order.

5. Congressional Review Act

Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs designated this rule as not a major rule, as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

Statement of Availability of IRS Documents

IRS Revenue Rulings, Revenue Procedures, and Notices cited in this document are published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin (or Cumulative Bulletin) and are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, or by visiting the IRS website at www.irs.gov.

Drafting Information

The principal authors of these regulations are Diane S. Bloom and Linda S. F. Marshall, Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Employee Benefits, Exempt Organizations, and Employment Taxes). However, other personnel from the IRS and the Treasury Department participated in the development of these regulations.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1

Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Adoption of Amendments to the Regulations

Accordingly, the Treasury Department and the IRS amend 26 CFR part 1 as follows:

PART 1—INCOME TAXES

Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read, in part, as follows:

Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *

Par. 2. Section 1.411(d)-3 is amended by redesignating paragraph (a)(4) as paragraph (a)(5) and adding a new paragraph (a)(4) to read as follows:

§ 1.411(d)-3 Section 411(d)(6) protected benefits.

(a) * * *

(4) Changes in lookback months and stability periods for mortality table and interest rate. Subject to the rules of this paragraph (a)(4), a defined benefit plan may be amended by an amendment that is adopted on or after January 19, 2024 to change the stability period described in §1.417(e)-1(d)(4)(ii) from one stability period to a different stability period or to change the lookback month described in §1.417(e)-1(d)(4)(iii) from one lookback month to a different lookback month (including an indirect change to the stability period or lookback month as a result of a change in plan year). The amendments described in this paragraph (a)(4) may be made with respect to any plan provision under which an interest rate or mortality table is specified by reference to a stability period or a lookback month, provided that any distribution for which the annuity starting date occurs on or after the effective date of the amendment and before the end of the one-year period commencing on the applicable amendment date for the amendment is equal to the greater of—

(i) The amount determined using the pre-amendment stability period and lookback month; and

(ii) The amount determined using the post-amendment stability period and lookback month.

* * * * *

Par. 3. Section 1.417(e)-1 is amended by:

a. Revising paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (d)(2) through (4) and (6);

b. Adding paragraphs (d)(7)(ii)(C) and (D);

c. In paragraph (d)(7)(v), redesignating Examples 1 through 7 as paragraphs (d)(7)(v)(A) through (G), respectively;

d. In newly designated paragraphs (d)(7)(v)(A) through (G), redesignating the paragraphs in the first column as the paragraphs in the second column:

Newly redesignated paragraphs Further redesignated as paragraphs
(d)(7)(v)(A)(i) through (iv) (d)(7)(v)(A)(1) through (4)
(d)(7)(v)(B)(i) through (v) (d)(7)(v)(B)(1) through (5)
(d)(7)(v)(C)(i) through (iv) (d)(7)(v)(C)(1) through (4)
(d)(7)(v)(D)(i) and (ii) (d)(7)(v)(D)(1) and (2)
(d)(7)(v)(E)(i) through (iv) (d)(7)(v)(E)(1) through (4)
(d)(7)(v)(F)(i) through (iv) (d)(7)(v)(F)(1) through (4)
(d)(7)(v)(G)(i) through (iii) (d)(7)(v)(G)(1) through (3)
 

e. In newly designated paragraph (d)(7)(v)(C)(1), removing the language “Example 2 of this paragraph (d)(7)(v)” and adding the language “paragraph (d)(7)(v)(B)(1) of this section (Example 2)” in its place;

f. In newly designated paragraph (d)(7)(v)(E)(1), removing the language “Example 4 of this paragraph (d)(7)(v)” and adding the language “paragraph (d)(7)(v)(D)(1) of this section (Example 4)” in its place;

g. In newly designated paragraph (d)(7)(v)(E)(2), removing the language “Example 4 of this paragraph (d)(7)(v)” and adding the language “paragraph (d)(7)(v)(D)(1) of this section (Example 4)” in its place;

h. Adding paragraph (d)(7)(v)(H);

i. Adding paragraph (d)(8)(vi);

j. Revising paragraph (d)(9); and

k. Removing paragraph (d)(10).

The revisions and additions read as follows:

§ 1.417(e)-1 Restrictions and valuations of distributions from plans subject to sections 401(a)(11) and 417.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(1) * * *

(i) Defined benefit plans—(A) In general. A defined benefit plan must provide that the present value of any accrued benefit and the amount (subject to sections 411(c)(3) and 415) of any distribution, including a single-sum distribution, must not be less than the amount calculated using the applicable mortality table described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section and the applicable interest rate described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, as determined for the month described in paragraph (d)(4) of this section. In the case of an optional form of benefit payable before normal retirement age, the present value of the optional form determined in accordance with the preceding sentence may not be less than the present value of the accrued benefit payable at normal retirement age. In the case of an optional form of benefit payable on or after normal retirement age, the present value of the optional form determined in accordance with the first sentence of this paragraph (d)(1)(i)(A) may not be less than the present value of the immediate annuity (payable in the same form as the accrued benefit is expressed). The present value determined under this paragraph (d) also applies for purposes of determining whether consent for a distribution is required under paragraph (b) of this section.

(B) Payment of a portion of a participant’s benefit. The rules of this paragraph (d)(1) apply with respect to a payment of only a portion of the accrued benefit in the same manner as these rules would apply to a distribution of the entire accrued benefit. See paragraph (d)(7) of this section for rules relating to such a bifurcation of a participant’s accrued benefit.

(C) Special rules for applicable defined benefit plans. See section 411(a)(13) and §1.411(a)(13)-1 for an exception from the rules of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d) that applies to certain distributions from plans with lump sum-based benefit formulas.

* * * * *

(2) Applicable mortality table—(i) In general. The applicable mortality table for a calendar year is the mortality table that is prescribed by the Commissioner in guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. See §601.601(d) of this chapter. This mortality table is to be based on the table specified under section 430(h)(3)(A), but without regard to section 430(h)(3)(C) or (D).

(ii) Mortality discounts—(A) In general. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(B) of this section, the probability of death under the applicable mortality table is taken into account for purposes of determining the present value under this paragraph (d) without regard to the death benefits provided under the plan (other than a death benefit that is part of the normal form of benefit or part of another optional form of benefit, as described in §1.411(d)-3(g)(6)(ii)(B), for which present value is determined).

(B) Special rule for employee-provided benefit. For purposes of determining the present value under this paragraph (d) with respect to the portion of the accrued benefit derived from employee contributions (that is determined in accordance with the rules of section 411(c)), the probability of death during the assumed deferral period, if any, is not taken into account. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the assumed deferral period is the period between the date of the present value determination and the assumed commencement date for the annuity attributable to the accrued benefit derived from employee contributions.

(C) Exception from requirement that QJSA be most valuable form of benefit. An optional form of benefit that is subject to the minimum present value requirement of this section is not treated as failing the requirement under §1.401(a)-20, Q&A-16, that an optional form of benefit for a married participant may not be more valuable than the qualified joint and survivor annuity payable at the same time merely because, in applying the rules of this section in determining the amount of the optional form of benefit, the amount payable is calculated—

(1) Taking into account both the probability of death before retirement and any death benefit under the plan, or

(2) Using the present value factor for the employee-provided portion of the benefit determined under paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(B) of this section as the present value factor for the employer-provided portion of the benefit.

(3) Applicable interest rate—(i) In general. The applicable interest rate for a month is determined using the first, second, and third segment rates for that month under section 430(h)(2)(C), as modified pursuant to section 417(e)(3)(D) (and without regard to the segment rate stabilization rules of section 430(h)(2)(C)(iv)). These section 417(e) segment rates are specified by the Commissioner in revenue rulings, notices, or other guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin and are applied under rules similar to the rules under §1.430(h)(2)-1(b). Thus, for example, in determining the present value of a straight life annuity, the first segment rate is applied with respect to payments expected to be made during the 5-year period beginning on the annuity starting date, the second segment rate is applied with respect to payments expected to be made during the 15-year period following the end of that 5-year period, and the third segment rate is applied with respect to payments expected to be made after the end of that 15-year period. The section 417(e) segment rates that are published by the Commissioner are to be used for this purpose without further adjustment.

(ii) Examples. The following examples illustrate the rules of paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3)(i) of this section:

(A) Example 1—(1) Facts. Plan A is a non-contributory defined benefit plan with a calendar-year plan year. The normal retirement age is 65, and all participant elections are made with proper spousal consent. Plan A includes an optional form of benefit that provides a single-sum distribution equal to the present value of the participant’s accrued benefit. Plan A provides that the applicable interest rate for any distribution is determined using the segment rates as specified by the Commissioner for the month preceding the month containing the annuity starting date of the distribution. The applicable mortality table is the table specified by the Commissioner for the calendar year that contains the annuity starting date.

(2) Analysis of minimum amount of single-sum distribution. Participant P retires in November 2024 at age 60 and elects (with spousal consent) to receive a single-sum distribution. P has an accrued benefit of $2,000 per month payable as a life annuity beginning at the plan’s normal retirement age of 65. The applicable mortality rates for 2024 apply. For purposes of this paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) (Example 1), the section 417(e) segment rates published by the Commissioner for October 2024 are assumed to be 3.00 percent, 4.00 percent, and 5.00 percent for the first, second, and third segment rates, respectively. The present value factor for a participant, age 60, for a deferred annuity payable at age 65, calculated based on these interest rates and the applicable mortality table for 2024, is 10.432. To satisfy the requirements of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d), the single-sum distribution received by P cannot be less than $250,368 (that is, $2,000 x 12 x 10.432).

(B) Example 2—(1) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (Example 1), except that Plan A provides for mandatory employee contributions. Participant Q retires in November 2024 at age 60 and elects (with spousal consent) to receive a single-sum distribution of Q’s entire accrued benefit. Q has an accrued benefit of $2,000 per month payable as a life annuity beginning at Plan A’s normal retirement age of 65, consisting of an accrued benefit derived from employee contributions determined in accordance with section 411(c)(2) (Q’s employee-provided accrued benefit) of $500 per month and an accrued benefit derived from employer contributions (Q’s employer-provided accrued benefit) of $1,500 per month.

(2) Analysis of minimum amount of the employee-provided portion of the single-sum distribution. Pursuant to paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(B) of this section, the single-sum distribution used to settle Q’s employee-provided accrued benefit may not be less than the present value of the employee-provided portion of Q’s accrued benefit determined using the applicable interest and mortality rates described in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3)(i) of this section, but without taking into account the probability of death during the assumed deferral period in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(B) of this section. The present value factor for a participant, age 60, for a deferred annuity payable at age 65, calculated based on the interest and mortality rates specified in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) of this section (Example 1), taking the probability of death only after age 65 into account, is 10.704. To satisfy the requirement of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d), the single-sum distribution received by Q with respect to the employee-provided portion of the accrued benefit may not be less than $64,224 (that is, $500 x 12 x 10.704).

(3) Analysis of minimum amount of the employer-provided portion of the single-sum distribution. The single-sum distribution made to settle Q’s employer-provided accrued benefit may not be less than the present value of that portion of Q’s accrued benefit determined using the applicable interest and mortality rates. However, for this purpose, Plan A is permitted to take into account the probability of death during the assumed deferral period in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(A) of this section. The single-sum distribution received by Q with respect to the employer-provided portion of the accrued benefit may not be less than $187,776 (that is, $1,500 x 12 x 10.432).

(4) Analysis of minimum amount of the total single-sum distribution. To satisfy the requirements of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d), the total single-sum distribution received by Q may not be less than the sum of the minimum single-sum distribution with respect to the employee-provided and employer-provided portions of the accrued benefit, or $252,000 ($64,224 + $187,776).

(5) Analysis of minimum amount of partial single-sum distribution. If Q were to receive a partial single-sum distribution (that is, a single-sum distribution that is less than $252,000) with the balance payable as an annuity, then, in accordance with paragraph (d)(7)(iii)(D) of this section, the plan must specify the portion of the participant’s accrued benefit that is settled by that distribution of the partial single-sum distribution (unless the plan uses the same single-sum factor with respect to all portions of the accrued benefit). Because the present value factor for the employee-provided benefit cannot take into account the probability of death before age 65, the plan may use the same present value factor to determine the portion of the accrued benefit that is settled by the single-sum distribution that applies to both the employee-provided and the employer-provided portions of the accrued benefit only if the factor that is used does not take into account the probability of death before age 65.

(4) Time for determining interest rate and mortality table—(i) Interest rate general rule. Except as provided in paragraphs (d)(4)(v) or (vi) of this section, the applicable interest rate to be used for a distribution is the applicable interest rate determined under paragraph (d)(3) of this section for the applicable lookback month. The applicable lookback month for a distribution is the lookback month (as described in paragraph (d)(4)(iv) of this section) for the stability period (as described in paragraph (d)(4)(iii) of this section) that contains the annuity starting date for the distribution. The time and method for determining the applicable interest rate for each participant’s distribution must be determined in a consistent manner that is applied uniformly to all participants in the plan.

(ii) Mortality table general rule. The applicable mortality table to be used for a distribution is the mortality table that is described in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section for the calendar year during which the stability period containing the annuity starting date begins.

(iii) Stability period. A plan must specify the period for which the applicable interest rate remains constant (the stability period). This stability period may be one calendar month, one plan quarter, one calendar quarter, one plan year, or one calendar year. This same stability period also applies to the applicable mortality table.

(iv) Lookback month. A plan must specify the lookback month that is used to determine the applicable interest rate with respect to a stability period. The lookback month may be the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth full calendar month preceding the first day of the stability period.

(v) Permitted average interest rate. A plan may apply the rules of paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section by substituting a permitted average applicable interest rate with respect to the plan’s stability period for the applicable interest rate determined under paragraph (d)(3) of this section for the applicable lookback month with respect to the plan’s stability period. For this purpose, a permitted average applicable interest rate with respect to a stability period is the applicable interest rate that is computed using the average of the section 417(e) segment rates described in paragraph (d)(3) of this section for two or more consecutive months from among the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth calendar months preceding the first day of the stability period. For this paragraph (d)(4)(v) to apply, a plan must specify the manner in which the permitted average interest rate is computed.

(vi) Additional determination dates. The Commissioner may prescribe, in guidance published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin, other times that a plan may provide for determining the applicable interest rate. See §601.601(d) of this chapter.

(vii) Example of determination of applicable interest rate—(A) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (Example 1), except that Plan A provides that the applicable interest rate for any annuity starting date is determined using the segment rates specified by the Commissioner for the third calendar month preceding the beginning of the plan quarter that contains the annuity starting date. Plan A also provides that the applicable mortality table is the table specified by the Commissioner for the calendar year that contains the beginning of the quarterly stability period.

(B) Analysis. The segment rates that apply for annuity starting dates during the period beginning October 1, 2024, and ending December 31, 2024, are the segment rates for July 2024. This plan design permits the applicable interest rate to be fixed for each plan quarter and for the applicable interest rate for all distributions made during each plan quarter to be determined before the beginning of the plan quarter.

* * * * *

(6) Exceptions—(i) In general. This paragraph (d) (other than the provisions relating to section 411(d)(6) requirements in paragraph (d)(9) of this section) does not apply to the amount of a distribution paid in the form of an annual benefit that—

(A) Does not decrease during the life of the participant, or, in the case of a QPSA, the life of the participant’s spouse; or

(B) Decreases during the life of the participant merely because of—

(1) The death of the survivor annuitant (but only if the reduction is to a level not below 50 percent of the annual benefit payable before the death of the survivor annuitant); or

(2) The cessation or reduction of a Social Security supplement or qualified disability benefit (as defined in section 411(a)(9)).

(ii) Example of Social Security level income option—(A) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A)(1) of this section (Example 1). Plan A also provides for an optional distribution in the form of a Social Security level income option that is actuarially equivalent to the straight life annuity payable at the same commencement date. Under this optional form, the participant receives a larger monthly payment until age 65, and a smaller monthly payment afterward, so that it is estimated that the participant will receive level monthly payments for life (taking into account the participant’s estimated Social Security benefit beginning at age 65). Based on the plan’s early retirement reduction factor of 0.65 at age 60, Participant R’s reduced early retirement benefit payable as a straight life annuity benefit commencing at age 60 is $1,300 per month (which is less than the early retirement benefit that is actuarially equivalent to the accrued benefit determined using the applicable interest and mortality rates under section 417(e)(3)). Participant R’s estimated Social Security benefit is $1,000 per month beginning at age 65. Plan A provides that actuarial equivalence is determined using a 6 percent interest rate and the mortality table set forth in Revenue Ruling 2001-62, 2001-53 IRB 632.

(B) Analysis of benefit calculation using plan factors. Using the plan’s terms for determining actuarial equivalence (an interest rate of 6 percent and the mortality table set forth in Revenue Ruling 2001-62), the present value factor for a participant, age 60, with lifetime benefits commencing at age 65 is 7.800, and the present value factor for a temporary annuity payable to that participant until age 65 is 4.278. The benefit payable to Participant R in the form of a Social Security level income option (with a decrease of $1,000 occurring at age 65) that is actuarially equivalent to the early retirement benefit of $1,300 is $1,945.80 per month until age 65 and $945.80 per month thereafter.

(C) Analysis of minimum present value. Because the benefit payable under the Social Security level income option decreases at age 65 and the decrease is not on account of the death of the participant or a beneficiary or the cessation or reduction of a Social Security supplement or a qualified disability benefit, the exception under this paragraph (d)(6) from the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e)(3) does not apply to the benefits payable under the plan’s Social Security level income option. As illustrated in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) of this section (Example 1), to satisfy the requirements of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d), the minimum present value of a benefit payable to Participant R at age 60 cannot be less than $250,368 (that is, $2,000 x 12 x 10.432).

(D) Conclusion. Based on the applicable interest rate and applicable mortality table under section 417(e)(3) that are assumed in paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) of this section (Example 1), the present value factor for a participant, age 60, with lifetime benefits commencing at age 65 is 10.432, and the present value factor for a temporary annuity payable until age 65 is 4.604. The present value of the benefit payable to Participant R under the Social Security level income option is $225,901 ($1,945.80 x 4.604 x 12 + $945.80 x 10.432 x 12). Because this present value is less than the minimum present value of a benefit payable to Participant R at age 60 ($250,368), the plan would fail to satisfy the minimum present value requirement of section 417(e)(3). However, see paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section for a rule permitting a plan to provide for implicit bifurcation of a Social Security level income option.

(7) * * *

(ii) * * *

(C) Bifurcation of Social Security level income option. A plan that provides for a Social Security level income option satisfies the requirements of this paragraph (d) with respect to the temporary annuity portion of the Social Security level income option if, under the terms of the plan—

(1) The portion of the participant’s accrued benefit, expressed in the normal form of benefit under the plan and commencing at normal retirement age (or at the current date, if later), that is not paid in the form of the temporary annuity is no less than the excess, if any, of—

(i) The participant’s total accrued benefit under the plan expressed in that form and commencing at that age; over

(ii) The annuity payable in that form commencing at that age that is actuarially equivalent to that temporary annuity, determined using the applicable interest rate and the applicable mortality table; and

(2) The portion of the participant’s immediate annuity (payable in the same form as the accrued benefit is expressed) that is not paid in the form of the temporary annuity is no less than the excess, if any, of—

(i) The participant’s immediate annuity (payable in the same form as the accrued benefit is expressed); over

(ii) The immediate annuity payable in that form that is actuarially equivalent to that temporary annuity, determined using the applicable interest rate and the applicable mortality table.

(D) Social Security level income option. For purposes of paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section, a Social Security level income option is an optional form of benefit under which a participant’s accrued benefit is paid in the form of an annuity for the life of the participant with additional temporary annuity payments that cease at the participant’s assumed Social Security commencement age and that do not exceed the participant’s estimated Social Security benefit at that age. For this purpose, a participant’s estimated Social Security benefit is the estimated amount of old-age insurance benefits for the participant under title II of the Social Security Act (as amended) and the assumed Social Security commencement age is an age that is not later than the age as of which the participant is entitled to those benefits without reduction on account of age.

* * * * *

(v) * * *

(H) Example of bifurcation of Social Security level income option—(1) Facts. The facts are the same as in paragraph (d)(6)(ii)(A) of this section (Example of Social Security level income option), except that Plan A is amended to provide for implicit bifurcation of a distribution paid in the form of a Social Security level income option, as described in paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section. Thus, under the plan amendment, a distribution in the form of a Social Security level income option is bifurcated into a temporary annuity portion that ceases at the participant’s assumed Social Security commencement age and a life annuity portion.

(2) Analysis of bifurcation requirements. If the requirements of paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section are satisfied, then the temporary annuity portion of the Social Security level income option satisfies the minimum present value rules of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d). In order to satisfy paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section, there are two requirements that must be satisfied. First, the portion of the participant’s accrued benefit that is not paid in the form of the temporary annuity must be no less than the excess of the participant’s total accrued benefit over the annuity that is actuarially equivalent to the temporary annuity (determined using the applicable interest and mortality rates under section 417(e)(3)), both expressed in the normal form of benefit commencing at normal retirement age (or at the current date, if later). Second, the portion of the participant’s immediate annuity that is not paid in the form of the temporary annuity must be no less than the excess of the participant’s total immediate annuity over the immediate annuity that is actuarially equivalent to the temporary annuity (determined using the applicable interest and mortality rates under section 417(e)(3)), both expressed in the form of benefit in which the accrued benefit is expressed but commencing at the current age.

(3) Analysis of minimum portion of accrued benefit payable as lifetime annuity. A temporary annuity that is payable from age 60 to 65 in the amount of $1,000 per month is actuarially equivalent, determined using the applicable interest rate and applicable mortality table under section 417(e)(3), to a straight life annuity of $441.33 per month payable at normal retirement age. Therefore, under the amendment, the portion of Participant R’s accrued benefit that is not paid in the form of that temporary annuity must be no less than $1,558.67 per month payable as a straight life annuity at normal retirement age ($2,000-$441.33). Because the portion of the accrued benefit that is not being paid in the form of the temporary annuity determined without regard to the amendment is $1,455.08 (the lifetime annuity of $945.80, divided by the early retirement factor of .65), the amendment increases that portion of the accrued benefit to $1,558.67, and the associated early retirement benefit commencing at age 60 is $1,013.14 ($1,558.67 x 0.65).

(4) Analysis of minimum portion of immediate benefit payable as lifetime annuity. A temporary annuity that is payable from age 60 to 65 in the amount of $1,000 per month is actuarially equivalent, determined using the applicable interest rate and applicable mortality table under section 417(e)(3), to a straight life annuity of $306.20 per month commencing at age 60. Therefore, under the amendment, the portion of the participant’s immediate benefit that is not paid in the form of that temporary annuity must be no less than $993.80 ($1,300 - $306.20). Because this minimum amount of immediate annuity is less than the otherwise calculated early retirement benefit at age 60 of $1,013.14, the amendment does not increase the immediate annuity above that amount.

(5) Conclusion. Because the portion of the benefit under the Social Security level income option that is not paid in the form of a temporary annuity satisfies the requirements of paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section, the plan is permitted under paragraph (d)(7)(iii)(A) of this section to treat the temporary annuity and the remaining portion of the benefit as separate distribution options for purposes of this paragraph (d). Under paragraph (d)(7)(ii)(C) of this section, the temporary annuity portion of the Social Security level income option is treated as satisfying the minimum present value requirements of section 417(e) and this paragraph (d). Because the lifetime annuity portion of the Social Security level income option is non-decreasing during the lifetime of the participant, that portion is described in paragraph (d)(6) of this section and is therefore excepted from the requirements of section 417(e)(3). Thus, under the amendment, the combined payments payable to Participant R under the Social Security level income option of $2,013.14 per month until age 65 and $1,013.14 per month thereafter satisfy the requirements of section 417(e)(3) and this paragraph (d).

(8) * * *

(vi) Applicability date for provisions reflecting PPA ’06 updates and other rules. Paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section apply to distributions with annuity starting dates occurring on or after October 1, 2024. For earlier distributions, the rules of §1.417(e)-1(d) as set forth in 26 CFR part 1, revised as of April 1, 2023, apply, except that taxpayers may instead apply the rules of paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section.

(9) Relationship with section 411(d)(6). A plan amendment that changes the interest rate or the mortality assumptions used for the purposes described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section (including a plan amendment that changes the time for determining those assumptions) is generally subject to section 411(d)(6). However, for certain exceptions to the rule in the preceding sentence, see paragraph (d)(7)(iv) of this section (with respect to a plan amendment providing for bifurcation that was adopted before December 31, 2017), §1.411(d)-3(a)(4) (regarding changes in lookback months and stability periods for mortality table and interest rate), §1.411(d)-4, Q&A-2(b)(2)(v) (with respect to plan amendments relating to involuntary distributions), and section 1107(a)(2) of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, Public Law 109-280, 120 Stat. 780 (PPA ’06) (with respect to certain plan amendments that were made pursuant to a change to the Internal Revenue Code made by PPA ’06 or pursuant to regulations issued thereunder).

* * * * *

Douglas W. O’Donnell,

Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.

Approved: December 27, 2023.

Lily Batchelder,

Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Tax Policy).

(Filed by the Office of the Federal Register on January 18, 2023, 8:45 a.m., and published in the issue of the Federal Register for January 19, 2023, 89 FR 3552)

1 Section 411(a)(11)(A) generally provides that if the present value of a participant’s nonforfeitable accrued benefit exceeds $7,000 ($5,000 for distributions made on or before December 31, 2023), then the benefit may not be distributed immediately without the participant’s consent.

2 Under section 411(a)(11)(B), the present value that is used to apply the rules of section 411(a)(11) is calculated using the rules of section 417(e)(3).

3 Notice 2008-85, 2008-2 CB 905, Notice 2013-49, 2013-32 IRB 127, Notice 2015-53, 2015-33 IRB 190, Notice 2016-50, 2016-38 IRB 371, Notice 2017-60, 2017-43 IRB 365, Notice 2018-2, 2018-2 IRB 281, Notice 2019-26, 2019-15 IRB 943, Notice 2019-67, 2019-52 IRB 1510, Notice 2020-85, 2020-51 IRB 1645, Notice 2022-22, 2022-20 IRB 1057, and Notice 2023-73, 2023-45 IRB 1232, set forth the section 417(e)(3) applicable mortality tables for 2009 through 2024.

4 Neither the proposed regulations nor these regulations address the applicability of a preretirement mortality adjustment in determining the actuarial equivalent of a past distribution for purposes of offsetting that actuarial equivalent against future distributions. But see McCutcheon, which concerned the application of a preretirement mortality adjustment to calculate the actuarial equivalent of previously distributed benefits for purposes of determining whether the plan’s calculation of a residual annuity resulted in the forfeiture of a participant’s accrued benefit.

5 These commenters noted that disregarding the probability of death in these circumstances generates the same present value as is generated by taking into account the probability of death and including the value of the death benefit in the single-sum distribution.

6 See section 767 of RPA ’94.

7 The preamble to the proposed regulations requested comments on the issue of whether, in the case of a plan that provides a subsidized annuity payable upon early retirement and determines a single-sum distribution as the present value of the early retirement annuity, the present-value determination should be required to be calculated using the applicable interest rate and the applicable mortality table applied to the early retirement annuity. See Rybarczyk v. TRW, 235 F.3d 975, 983 (6th Cir. 2000) (an early retirement single-sum distribution option that was determined based on the early retirement annuity was not required to be calculated using the section 417(e) factors, provided that the lump sum was at least as great as the present value of the deferred annuity determined using the section 417(e) factors); but see Costantino v. TRW, 13 F.3d 969, 979 (6th Cir. 1994) (benefit distributions must comply with the valuation rule of §1.411(a)-11(a)(2)). A number of comments were received on this issue, many of which noted that the topic is also addressed in §1.411(a)-11(a)(2). These comments will be considered in connection with the development of proposed regulations under section 411(a), rather than in these regulations under section 417(e).

Part III

Update for Weighted Average Interest Rates, Yield Curves, and Segment Rates

Notice 2024-21

This notice provides guidance on the corporate bond monthly yield curve, the corresponding spot segment rates used under § 417(e)(3), and the 24-month average segment rates under § 430(h)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, this notice provides guidance as to the interest rate on 30-year Treasury securities under § 417(e)(3)(A)(ii)(II) as in effect for plan years beginning before 2008 and the 30-year Treasury weighted average rate under § 431(c)(6)(E)(ii)(I).

YIELD CURVE AND SEGMENT RATES

Section 430 specifies the minimum funding requirements that apply to single-employer plans (except for CSEC plans under § 414(y)) pursuant to § 412. Section 430(h)(2) specifies the interest rates that must be used to determine a plan’s target normal cost and funding target. Under this provision, present value is generally determined using three 24-month average interest rates (“segment rates”), each of which applies to cash flows during specified periods. To the extent provided under § 430(h)(2)(C)(iv), these segment rates are adjusted by the applicable percentage of the 25-year average segment rates for the period ending September 30 of the year preceding the calendar year in which the plan year begins.1 However, an election may be made under § 430(h)(2)(D)(ii) to use the monthly yield curve in place of the segment rates.

Notice 2007-81, 2007-44 I.R.B. 899, provides guidelines for determining the monthly corporate bond yield curve, and the 24-month average corporate bond segment rates used to compute the target normal cost and the funding target. Consistent with the methodology specified in Notice 2007-81, the monthly corporate bond yield curve derived from December 2023 data is in Table 2023-12 at the end of this notice. The spot first, second, and third segment rates for the month of December 2023 are, respectively, 5.01, 5.13, and 5.15.

The 24-month average segment rates determined under § 430(h)(2)(C)(i) through (iii) must be adjusted pursuant to § 430(h)(2)(C)(iv) to be within the applicable minimum and maximum percentages of the corresponding 25-year average segment rates. For this purpose, any 25-year average segment rate that is less than 5% is deemed to be 5%. The 25-year average segment rates for plan years beginning in 2022, 2023 and 2024 were published in Notice 2021-54, 2021-41 I.R.B. 457, Notice 2022-40, 2022-40 I.R.B. 266, and Notice 2023-66, 2023-40 I.R.B. 992, respectively. The applicable minimum and maximum percentages are 95% and 105% for plan years beginning in 2022, 2023 and 2024.

24-MONTH AVERAGE CORPORATE BOND SEGMENT RATES

The three 24-month average corporate bond segment rates applicable for January 2024 without adjustment for the 25-year average segment rate limits are as follows:

24-Month Average Segment Rates Without 25-Year Average Adjustment

Applicable Month First Segment Second Segment Third Segment
January 2024 4.37 4.96 4.95
 

The adjusted 24-month average segment rates set forth in the chart below reflect § 430(h)(2)(C)(iv) of the Code. The 24-month averages applicable for January 2024, adjusted to be within the applicable minimum and maximum percentages of the corresponding 25-year average segment rates in accordance with § 430(h)(2)(C)(iv) of the Code, are as follows:

Adjusted 24-Month Average Segment Rates

For Plan Years Beginning In Applicable Month First Segment Second Segment Third Segment
2022 January 2024 4.75 5.18 5.92
2023 January 2024 4.75 5.00 5.74
2024 January 2024 4.75 4.96 5.59

30-YEAR TREASURY SECURITIES INTEREST RATES

Section 431 specifies the minimum funding requirements that apply to multiemployer plans pursuant to § 412. Section 431(c)(6)(B) specifies a minimum amount for the full-funding limitation described in § 431(c)(6)(A), based on the plan’s current liability. Section 431(c)(6)(E)(ii)(I) provides that the interest rate used to calculate current liability for this purpose must be no more than 5 percent above and no more than 10 percent below the weighted average of the rates of interest on 30-year Treasury securities during the four-year period ending on the last day before the beginning of the plan year. Notice 88-73, 1988-2 C.B. 383, provides guidelines for determining the weighted average interest rate. The rate of interest on 30-year Treasury securities for December 2023 is 4.15 percent. The Service determined this rate as the average of the daily determinations of yield on the 30-year Treasury bond maturing in November 2053. For plan years beginning in January 2024, the weighted average of the rates of interest on 30-year Treasury securities and the permissible range of rates used to calculate current liability are as follows:

Treasury Weighted Average Rates

For Plan Years Beginning In 30-Year Treasury Weighted Average Permissible Range 90% to 105%
January 2024 3.14 2.82 to 3.29

MINIMUM PRESENT VALUE SEGMENT RATES

In general, the applicable interest rates under § 417(e)(3)(D) are segment rates computed without regard to a 24-month average. Notice 2007-81 provides guidelines for determining the minimum present value segment rates. Pursuant to that notice, the minimum present value segment rates determined for December 2023 are as follows:

Minimum Present Value Segment Rates

Month First Segment Second Segment Third Segment
December 2023 5.01 5.13 5.15

DRAFTING INFORMATION

The principal author of this notice is Tom Morgan of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Employee Benefits, Exempt Organizations, and Employment Taxes). However, other personnel from the IRS participated in the development of this guidance. For further information regarding this notice, contact Mr. Morgan at 202-317-6700 or Tony Montanaro at 626-927-1475 (not toll-free number).

Table 2023-12 Monthly Yield Curve for December 2023 Derived from December 2023 Data

Maturity Yield Maturity Yield Maturity Yield Maturity Yield Maturity Yield
0.5 5.46 20.5 5.22 40.5 5.15 60.5 5.13 80.5 5.12
1.0 5.31 21.0 5.21 41.0 5.15 61.0 5.13 81.0 5.12
1.5 5.17 21.5 5.21 41.5 5.15 61.5 5.13 81.5 5.12
2.0 5.05 22.0 5.20 42.0 5.15 62.0 5.13 82.0 5.12
2.5 4.95 22.5 5.20 42.5 5.15 62.5 5.13 82.5 5.12
3.0 4.88 23.0 5.20 43.0 5.14 63.0 5.13 83.0 5.12
3.5 4.84 23.5 5.19 43.5 5.14 63.5 5.13 83.5 5.12
4.0 4.81 24.0 5.19 44.0 5.14 64.0 5.13 84.0 5.12
4.5 4.80 24.5 5.19 44.5 5.14 64.5 5.13 84.5 5.12
5.0 4.80 25.0 5.19 45.0 5.14 65.0 5.13 85.0 5.12
5.5 4.81 25.5 5.18 45.5 5.14 65.5 5.13 85.5 5.12
6.0 4.83 26.0 5.18 46.0 5.14 66.0 5.13 86.0 5.12
6.5 4.86 26.5 5.18 46.5 5.14 66.5 5.13 86.5 5.12
7.0 4.89 27.0 5.18 47.0 5.14 67.0 5.13 87.0 5.12
7.5 4.93 27.5 5.17 47.5 5.14 67.5 5.13 87.5 5.12
8.0 4.97 28.0 5.17 48.0 5.14 68.0 5.13 88.0 5.12
8.5 5.00 28.5 5.17 48.5 5.14 68.5 5.13 88.5 5.12
9.0 5.04 29.0 5.17 49.0 5.14 69.0 5.12 89.0 5.12
9.5 5.07 29.5 5.17 49.5 5.14 69.5 5.12 89.5 5.12
10.0 5.10 30.0 5.17 50.0 5.14 70.0 5.12 90.0 5.12
10.5 5.13 30.5 5.17 50.5 5.14 70.5 5.12 90.5 5.12
11.0 5.15 31.0 5.16 51.0 5.14 71.0 5.12 91.0 5.12
11.5 5.17 31.5 5.16 51.5 5.14 71.5 5.12 91.5 5.12
12.0 5.19 32.0 5.16 52.0 5.14 72.0 5.12 92.0 5.12
12.5 5.21 32.5 5.16 52.5 5.14 72.5 5.12 92.5 5.12
13.0 5.22 33.0 5.16 53.0 5.13 73.0 5.12 93.0 5.12
13.5 5.23 33.5 5.16 53.5 5.13 73.5 5.12 93.5 5.12
14.0 5.23 34.0 5.16 54.0 5.13 74.0 5.12 94.0 5.12
14.5 5.24 34.5 5.16 54.5 5.13 74.5 5.12 94.5 5.12
15.0 5.24 35.0 5.16 55.0 5.13 75.0 5.12 95.0 5.12
15.5 5.24 35.5 5.16 55.5 5.13 75.5 5.12 95.5 5.12
16.0 5.24 36.0 5.15 56.0 5.13 76.0 5.12 96.0 5.12
16.5 5.24 36.5 5.15 56.5 5.13 76.5 5.12 96.5 5.12
17.0 5.24 37.0 5.15 57.0 5.13 77.0 5.12 97.0 5.12
17.5 5.24 37.5 5.15 57.5 5.13 77.5 5.12 97.5 5.12
18.0 5.24 38.0 5.15 58.0 5.13 78.0 5.12 98.0 5.12
18.5 5.23 38.5 5.15 58.5 5.13 78.5 5.12 98.5 5.12
19.0 5.23 39.0 5.15 59.0 5.13 79.0 5.12 99.0 5.12
19.5 5.22 39.5 5.15 59.5 5.13 79.5 5.12 99.5 5.11
20.0 5.22 40.0 5.15 60.0 5.13 80.0 5.12 100.0 5.11
 

1 Pursuant to § 433(h)(3)(A), the third segment rate determined under § 430(h)(2)(C) is used to determine the current liability of a CSEC plan (which is used to calculate the minimum amount of the full funding limitation under § 433(c)(7)(C)).

Guidance on Anti-Abuse Rules Under Section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 and Certain Other Issues with Respect to Pension-Linked Emergency Savings Accounts

Notice 2024-22

I. PURPOSE

This notice provides guidance with respect to section 127 of Division T of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, Pub. L. 117-328, 136 Stat. 3559 (2022), known as the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 (SECURE 2.0 Act). Section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act provides for the creation of Pension-Linked Emergency Savings Accounts (PLESAs) effective for plan years beginning after December 31, 2023.

This notice is not intended to provide comprehensive guidance with respect to section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act, but rather it provides initial guidance regarding anti-abuse rules under section 402A(e)(12) of the Internal Revenue Code (Code) to assist in the implementation of SECURE 2.0 Act section 127 provisions. This notice also addresses whether Rev. Rul. 74-55, 1974-1 C.B. 89, and Rev. Rul. 74-56, 1974-1 C.B. 90, are applicable to PLESAs.

The Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) invite comments on this guidance and any other aspect of section 127(e) and (f) of the SECURE 2.0 Act.

II. BACKGROUND

Section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act amends title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Pub. L. No. 93-406, 88 Stat. 829, as amended (ERISA),1 and section 402A of the Code to provide for the creation of PLESAs.2 In general, PLESAs are short-term savings accounts established and maintained in connection with a defined contribution plan and are treated as a type of designated Roth account.

Section 402A(e)(1)(A) provides that an applicable retirement plan (as defined under section 402A(f)(1)) may include a PLESA established pursuant to section 801 of ERISA, which, except as otherwise provided in section 402A(e) of the Code, is treated as a designated Roth account. Under section 402A(e)(1)(A)(ii), an applicable retirement plan may either (a) offer to enroll an eligible participant in a PLESA or (b) automatically enroll an eligible participant in a PLESA pursuant to an automatic contribution arrangement (described in section 402A(e)(4)). Further, under section 402A(e)(1)(B), if an applicable retirement plan includes a PLESA, the plan must: separately account for contributions to the PLESA (and any earnings properly allocable to the contributions), maintain separate recordkeeping with respect to each PLESA, and allow withdrawals from the PLESA in accordance with distribution rules described in section 402A(e)(7), which permits a withdrawal at the participant’s discretion, in whole or in part, at least once per month.

Under section 402A(e)(2)(A), an eligible participant with regard to a defined contribution plan means an individual, without regard to whether the individual otherwise participates in the plan, who meets any age, service, and other eligibility requirements of the plan and is not a highly compensated employee (as defined in section 414(q)). Pursuant to section 402A(e)(2)(B), an eligible participant on whose behalf a PLESA is established who thereafter becomes a highly compensated employee cannot make further contributions to the PLESA but retains the right to withdraw any account balance in accordance with the rules in section 402A(e)(7) and (8), which permit withdrawals upon termination of employment or plan termination.

Subject to certain excess contribution rules, section 402A(e)(3)(A) provides that no contribution shall be accepted to a PLESA to the extent such contribution would cause the portion of the account balance attributable to participant contributions to exceed the lesser of (i) $2,500 or (ii) an amount determined by the plan sponsor of the PLESA.

In general, under section 402A(e)(6)(A), if an employer makes any matching contributions (as defined in section 401(m)(4)) to a defined contribution plan of which a PLESA is a part, the employer must (subject to the limitations of section 402A(e)(3)) make matching contributions on behalf of an eligible participant on account of the participant’s contributions to the PLESA. The matching contributions must be at the same rate as any other matching contribution on account of an elective contribution by the participant. The matching contributions will be made to the participant’s account under the defined contribution plan which is not the PLESA. The matching contributions on account of contributions to the PLESA must not exceed the maximum account balance under section 402A(e)(3)(A) for the plan year. Pursuant to section 402A(e)(6)(B), for purposes of any applicable limitation on matching contributions, any matching contributions made under the plan are treated first as attributable to the elective deferrals of the participant other than contributions to a PLESA.

Pursuant to section 402A(e)(7)(A), a PLESA generally must allow for withdrawal by the participant on whose behalf the account is established of the account balance, in whole or in part, at the participant’s direction, at least once per calendar month. The distribution of such a withdrawal by the participant must be made as soon as practicable after the date on which the participant elects to make such withdrawal. Section 402A(e)(7)(B) provides that a distribution from a PLESA is treated as a qualified distribution for purposes of section 402A(d) and treated as meeting the requirements of sections 401(k)(2)(B)(i), 403(b)(7)(A)(i), 403(b)(11), and 457(d)(1)(A).

Section 402A(e)(11) provides that, notwithstanding section 411(d)(6), a plan which includes a PLESA may cease to offer such accounts at any time.

Section 402A(e)(12)(A) provides that a plan of which a PLESA is a part may employ reasonable procedures to limit the frequency or amount of matching contributions with respect to contributions to such account, solely to the extent necessary to prevent manipulation of the rules of the plan to cause matching contributions to exceed the intended amounts or frequency. Section 402A(e)(12)(B) provides that a plan of which a PLESA is a part is not required to suspend matching contributions following any participant withdrawal of contributions, including elective deferrals and employee contributions, whether or not matched and whether or not made pursuant to an automatic contribution arrangement.

The last sentence of section 402A(e)(12) provides that the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, shall issue regulations or other guidance not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of the SECURE 2.0 Act with respect to the anti-abuse rules described in section 402A(e)(12).

Section 127(e)(2) of the SECURE 2.0 Act amends section 72(t)(2) of the Code to add a new subparagraph (J). Section 72(t)(2)(J) provides that, except as provided in section 72(t)(3) and (4), the ten-percent additional tax on early distributions from qualified retirement plans under section 72(t)(1) does not apply to distributions from a PLESA pursuant to section 402A(e). Section 127(e)(3) of the SECURE 2.0 Act amends section 72(d) of the Code to add new paragraph (3). Section 72(d)(3) provides that, for purposes of section 72, contributions to a PLESA to which section 402A(e) applies (and any income allocable thereto) may be treated as a separate contract.

Section 127(g) of the SECURE 2.0 Act provides that the amendments made by section 127 apply to plan years beginning after December 31, 2023.

III. GUIDANCE UNDER SECTION 402A(e)(12) REGARDING REASONABLE ANTI-ABUSE PROCEDURES

Congress directed that the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, issue guidance with respect to the discretionary anti-abuse rules described in section 402A(e)(12). This Part III provides examples of anti-abuse procedures that are not reasonable and thus may not be used to limit the frequency or amount of matching contributions made to the account. This Part III first highlights several statutory provisions within section 402A(e) to which a plan might look to limit the ability of participants to manipulate the rules of the plan to cause matching contributions to exceed the intended amounts or frequency.

A. Statutory Provisions

Statutory provisions under section 402A(e) that limit manipulation of the rules of the plan to cause matching contributions to exceed the intended amounts or frequency include:

  • Order of matching contributions: Section 402A(e)(6)(B) provides that any matching contributions made under the plan are treated first as attributable to a participant’s elective deferrals other than PLESA contributions. As a result, any elective deferrals a participant makes under the underlying defined contribution plan will be matched first and will lower the availability of matching contributions that will be made on account of participant contributions to their PLESA;

  • Limitation on annual matching contributions: Section 402A(e)(6)(A) provides that matching contributions on account of contributions to the PLESA cannot exceed the maximum account balance set under section 402A(e)(3)(A) ($2,500 (as adjusted by the Secretary of the Treasury)) or a lower amount set by the plan sponsor) for the plan year. Section 402A(e)(3)(A)(ii) also permits a plan sponsor to set a lower PLESA balance limit than the $2,500 limit under section 402A(e)(3)(A)(i). A lower limit on the portion of the PLESA balance attributable to participant contributions would result in a correspondingly lower cap on annual matching contributions that would be required under section 402A(e)(6)(A).

A plan sponsor might view these provisions as sufficient anti-abuse provisions, and therefore decide not to impose any other restrictions meant to prevent manipulation of matching contributions. In such a case, for example, a plan sponsor may consider a participant as not manipulating the matching contribution rules if the participant made a $2,500 contribution in one year, received the matching contribution on such amount, and then took $2,500 in distributions that year and repeated that pattern in subsequent years.

Similarly, because plans are not required to permit participants to take more than one distribution per month, plan sponsors may view the option of limiting the number of permissible withdrawals to a maximum of once per month as a sufficient constraint on the potential to manipulate the matching contribution rules.

B. Procedures to Limit Manipulation of Matching Contributions

Under section 402A(e)(12)(A), a plan of which a PLESA is a part may, but is not required to, employ reasonable procedures to limit the frequency or amount of matching contributions with respect to contributions to a PLESA. However, plan sponsors might be concerned that a participant could nevertheless contribute to the participant’s PLESA and take distributions in a way that maximizes matching contributions received but maintains little to no contributions in the PLESA. If a plan sponsor decides to employ additional procedures to prevent abuse, section 402A(e)(12)(A) provides that reasonable procedures are permitted solely to the extent necessary to prevent manipulation of the rules of the plan to cause matching contributions to exceed the intended amounts or frequency.

A reasonable anti-abuse procedure is one that balances the interests of participants in using the PLESA for its intended purpose with the interests of plan sponsors in preventing manipulation of the plan’s matching contribution rules. Plan sponsors may find it challenging to identify participants engaging in manipulative practices because those participants may be able to adapt their pattern of contributions and distributions to replicate patterns of participants making contributions and taking periodic distributions for legitimate purposes, such as unexpected expenses. The Treasury Department and IRS have determined that procedures that are unreasonable for a plan sponsor to implement include, but are not limited to:

  • Forfeiture of matching contributions: A plan may not provide that matching contributions already made on account of participant contributions to the PLESA will be forfeited by reason of a participant’s withdrawal from a PLESA;

  • Suspension of participant contributions to PLESA: A plan may not suspend a participant’s ability to contribute to the participant’s PLESA on account of a withdrawal from the PLESA; and

  • Suspension of matching contributions on participant contributions to the underlying defined contribution plan: A plan may not suspend matching contributions made on account of participant elective deferrals to the underlying defined contribution plan.

IV. REVENUE RULINGS 74-55 AND 74-56

Certain stakeholders have expressed concerns regarding the application of Rev. Rul. 74-55 and Rev. Rul. 74-56 to PLESAs. The Treasury Department and the IRS do not view these revenue rulings as applicable in the context of PLESAs, regardless of whether the contributions are matched. The Treasury Department and the IRS invite comments regarding the applicability of these revenue rulings, and the regulations on which they are based, in this or other contexts.

V. REQUEST FOR COMMENTS

The Treasury Department and the IRS invite comments and suggestions regarding the matters discussed in this notice and any other aspect of section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act. In particular, comments related to reasonable anti-abuse procedures are invited in order to explore further examples of what may be reasonable. The Treasury Department and IRS are interested in examples of reasonable procedures which effectively balance the policy of incentivizing emergency savings while discouraging potentially abusive practices.

Comments should be submitted in writing on or before April 5, 2024, and should include a reference to Notice 2024-22. Comments may be submitted electronically via the Federal eRulemaking Portal at www.regulations.gov (type “IRS Notice 2024-22” in the search field on the regulations.gov home page to find this notice and submit comments). Alternatively, comments may be submitted by mail to:

Internal Revenue Service Attn: CC:PA:LPD:PR (Notice 2024-22), Room 5203

P.O. Box 7604

Ben Franklin Station

Washington, D.C. 20044.

The Treasury Department and the IRS will publish for public availability any comment submitted electronically or on paper to its public docket.

VI. DRAFTING INFORMATION

The principal author of this notice is Jordan D. Kohl of the Office of the Associate Chief Counsel (Employee Benefits, Exempt Organizations, and Employment Taxes). Other personnel from the Treasury Department and the IRS also participated in the development of this guidance. For further information regarding this notice, please call Ms. Kohl at (312) 292-2170 (not a toll-free number).

1 This notice does not provide guidance on elements of section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act over which the Department of Labor has interpretive authority.

2 Section 127 of the SECURE 2.0 Act added new subsection 402A(e) of the Code and redesignated subsection 402A(e) as 402A(f), effective January 1, 2024.

Part IV

Transitional guidance under section 6050I with respect to the reporting of information on the receipt of digital assets

Announcement 2024-4

Section 80603(b)(3) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. No. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429, 1339 (2021) (Infrastructure Act) amended section 6050I of the Internal Revenue Code1 to add digital assets to the list of assets included in the definition of cash in section 6050I(d). This announcement provides transitional guidance under section 6050I with respect to reporting transactions involving receipt of digital assets and clarifies that at this time, digital assets are not required to be included when determining whether cash received in a single transaction (or two or more related transactions) meets the reporting threshold. The Department of the Treasury (Treasury Department) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), however, intend to prescribe regulations, to provide additional information and procedures for reporting the receipt of digital assets under section 6050I.

Under section 6050I(a), any person (the recipient) engaged in a trade or business who, in the course of that trade or business, receives cash in excess of $10,000 in one transaction (or two or more related transactions) must file an information return reporting the receipt of cash. The regulations require that the return must be filed on Form 8300, Report of Cash Payments Over $10,000 Received in a Trade or Business, within 15 days of the receipt of cash and report specified information. See section 1.6050I-1(a) and (e). Section 6050I also requires persons required to file Form 8300 to furnish an annual written statement to each payer whose name is required to be set forth on the Form 8300.

Section 80603(b)(3) of the Infrastructure Act amended section 6050I(d) to expand the definition of the term “cash” to include any digital asset as defined in section 6045(g)(3)(D). All of the amendments made by section 80603 of the Infrastructure Act apply to returns required to be filed, and statements required to be furnished, after December 31, 2023. The Treasury Department and the IRS published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on August 29, 2023, that includes proposed rules clarifying the definition of the term digital assets found in section 6045(g)(3)(D). 88 Fed. Reg. 59576 (Aug. 29, 2023). These proposed regulations have not yet been finalized.

The Treasury Department and the IRS intend to implement section 80603(b)(3) of the Infrastructure Act by publishing regulations specifically addressing the application of section 6050I to digital assets and by providing forms and instructions for reporting that address the inclusion of digital assets. Accordingly, until the Treasury Department and the IRS publish regulations under section 6050I to implement section 80603(b)(3) of the Infrastructure Act, persons engaged in a trade or business who, in the course of that trade or business, receive digital assets or digital assets and other cash in one transaction (or two or more related transactions) will not be required to include those digital assets when determining whether cash received has a value in excess of the $10,000 reporting threshold for purposes of determining if reporting is required under section 6050I with respect to those transactions. Persons engaged in a trade or business who, in the course of that trade or business, receive cash (other than digital assets) in excess of $10,000 in one transaction (or two or more related transactions) must continue to file an information return under section 6050I with respect to that cash received.

Nothing in this announcement affects the income tax obligations of persons engaged in a trade or business who receive digital assets and persons who use digital assets to make any payments in the types of transactions described above. See Frequently Asked Questions on Virtual Currency Transitions for additional information.

The principal author of this announcement is the Office of the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure & Administration). For further information regarding this announcement, please call (202) 317-5436 (not a toll-free number).

1 Unless otherwise specified, all “Section” references are to sections of the Code or the Income Tax Regulations (26 CFR part 1).

Definition of Terms

Revenue rulings and revenue procedures (hereinafter referred to as “rulings”) that have an effect on previous rulings use the following defined terms to describe the effect:

Amplified describes a situation where no change is being made in a prior published position, but the prior position is being extended to apply to a variation of the fact situation set forth therein. Thus, if an earlier ruling held that a principle applied to A, and the new ruling holds that the same principle also applies to B, the earlier ruling is amplified. (Compare with modified, below).

Clarified is used in those instances where the language in a prior ruling is being made clear because the language has caused, or may cause, some confusion. It is not used where a position in a prior ruling is being changed.

Distinguished describes a situation where a ruling mentions a previously published ruling and points out an essential difference between them.

Modified is used where the substance of a previously published position is being changed. Thus, if a prior ruling held that a principle applied to A but not to B, and the new ruling holds that it applies to both A and B, the prior ruling is modified because it corrects a published position. (Compare with amplified and clarified, above).

Obsoleted describes a previously published ruling that is not considered determinative with respect to future transactions. This term is most commonly used in a ruling that lists previously published rulings that are obsoleted because of changes in laws or regulations. A ruling may also be obsoleted because the substance has been included in regulations subsequently adopted.

Revoked describes situations where the position in the previously published ruling is not correct and the correct position is being stated in a new ruling.

Superseded describes a situation where the new ruling does nothing more than restate the substance and situation of a previously published ruling (or rulings). Thus, the term is used to republish under the 1986 Code and regulations the same position published under the 1939 Code and regulations. The term is also used when it is desired to republish in a single ruling a series of situations, names, etc., that were previously published over a period of time in separate rulings. If the new ruling does more than restate the substance of a prior ruling, a combination of terms is used. For example, modified and superseded describes a situation where the substance of a previously published ruling is being changed in part and is continued without change in part and it is desired to restate the valid portion of the previously published ruling in a new ruling that is self contained. In this case, the previously published ruling is first modified and then, as modified, is superseded.

Supplemented is used in situations in which a list, such as a list of the names of countries, is published in a ruling and that list is expanded by adding further names in subsequent rulings. After the original ruling has been supplemented several times, a new ruling may be published that includes the list in the original ruling and the additions, and supersedes all prior rulings in the series.

Suspended is used in rare situations to show that the previous published rulings will not be applied pending some future action such as the issuance of new or amended regulations, the outcome of cases in litigation, or the outcome of a Service study.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations in current use and formerly used will appear in material published in the Bulletin.

A—Individual.

Acq.—Acquiescence.

B—Individual.

BE—Beneficiary.

BK—Bank.

B.T.A.—Board of Tax Appeals.

C—Individual.

C.B.—Cumulative Bulletin.

CFR—Code of Federal Regulations.

CI—City.

COOP—Cooperative.

Ct.D.—Court Decision.

CY—County.

D—Decedent.

DC—Dummy Corporation.

DE—Donee.

Del. Order—Delegation Order.

DISC—Domestic International Sales Corporation.

DR—Donor.

E—Estate.

EE—Employee.

E.O.—Executive Order.

ER—Employer.

ERISA—Employee Retirement Income Security Act.

EX—Executor.

F—Fiduciary.

FC—Foreign Country.

FICA—Federal Insurance Contributions Act.

FISC—Foreign International Sales Company.

FPH—Foreign Personal Holding Company.

F.R.—Federal Register.

FUTA—Federal Unemployment Tax Act.

FX—Foreign corporation.

G.C.M.—Chief Counsel’s Memorandum.

GE—Grantee.

GP—General Partner.

GR—Grantor.

IC—Insurance Company.

I.R.B.—Internal Revenue Bulletin.

LE—Lessee.

LP—Limited Partner.

LR—Lessor.

M—Minor.

Nonacq.—Nonacquiescence.

O—Organization.

P—Parent Corporation.

PHC—Personal Holding Company.

PO—Possession of the U.S.

PR—Partner.

PRS—Partnership.

PTE—Prohibited Transaction Exemption.

Pub. L.—Public Law.

REIT—Real Estate Investment Trust.

Rev. Proc.—Revenue Procedure.

Rev. Rul.—Revenue Ruling.

S—Subsidiary.

S.P.R.—Statement of Procedural Rules.

Stat.—Statutes at Large.

T—Target Corporation.

T.C.—Tax Court.

T.D.—Treasury Decision.

TFE—Transferee.

TFR—Transferor.

T.I.R.—Technical Information Release.

TP—Taxpayer.

TR—Trust.

TT—Trustee.

U.S.C.—United States Code.

X—Corporation.

Y—Corporation.

Z—Corporation.

Numerical Finding List1

Numerical Finding List

Bulletin 2024–6

Announcements:

Article Issue Link Page
2024-1 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 363
2024-3 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 364
2024-5 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 635
2024-6 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 635
2024-4 2024-06 I.R.B. 2024-06 665
 

Notices:

Article Issue Link Page
2024-1 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 314
2024-2 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 316
2024-3 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 338
2024-4 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 343
2024-5 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 347
2024-6 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 348
2024-7 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 355
2024-8 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 356
2024-9 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 358
2024-11 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 360
2024-10 2024-03 I.R.B. 2024-03 406
2024-12 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 616
2024-13 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 618
2024-16 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 622
2024-18 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 625
2024-19 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 627
2024-21 2024-06 I.R.B. 2024-06 659
2024-22 2024-06 I.R.B. 2024-06 662
 

Proposed Regulations:

Article Issue Link Page
REG-118492-23 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 366
REG-107423-23 2024-03 I.R.B. 2024-03 411
REG-121010-17 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 636
 

Revenue Procedures:

Article Issue Link Page
2024-1 2024-01 I.R.B. 2024-01 1
2024-2 2024-01 I.R.B. 2024-01 119
2024-3 2024-01 I.R.B. 2024-01 143
2024-4 2024-01 I.R.B. 2024-01 160
2024-5 2024-01 I.R.B. 2024-01 262
2024-7 2024-01 I.R.B. 2024-01 303
2024-8 2024-04 I.R.B. 2024-04 479
2024-9 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 628
 

Revenue Rulings:

Article Issue Link Page
2024-1 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 307
2024-2 2024-02 I.R.B. 2024-02 311
2024-3 2024-06 I.R.B. 2024-06 646
 

Treasury Decisions:

Article Issue Link Page
9984 2024-03 I.R.B. 2024-03 386
9985 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 573
9986 2024-05 I.R.B. 2024-05 610
9987 2024-06 I.R.B. 2024-06 648
 

1 A cumulative list of all revenue rulings, revenue procedures, Treasury decisions, etc., published in Internal Revenue Bulletins 2023–27 through 2023–52 is in Internal Revenue Bulletin 2023–52, dated December 26, 2023.

Finding List of Current Actions on Previously Published Items1

Bulletin 2024–6

How to get the Internal Revenue Bulletin

INTERNAL REVENUE BULLETIN

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