Purpose: This IRM section provides procedures for the IRS Independent Office of Appeals (Appeals) employees working Excise Tax cases.

Audience: The primary users of this IRM section are Appeals Technical Employees (ATEs).

Policy Owner: Policy, Planning, Quality and Analysis (PPQA) is under the Director, Case and Operations Support.

Program Owner: Appeals Policy is the program office responsible for providing technical and procedural guidance for the Appeals organization and is under the Director, PPQA.

Contact Information: Appeals employees should follow established procedures on How to Contact an Analyst. Other employees should contact the Content Point of Contact (POC) shown on the Product Catalog Information page for this IRM.

Appeals may have jurisdiction over any protested excise tax case except alcohol and tobacco taxes under Subtitle E. Some of the more common excise taxes are covered in this section and include Highway Use Taxes, Chapters 41 through 44 Excise Taxes, Wagering Excise Taxes, and Excise Taxes on IRA adjustments.

Form 720, Quarterly Federal Excise Tax Return, is used to report many excise taxes. The taxes are identified on Form 720 by IRS No. (referred to as the abstract number).

Form 720 is due by the last day of the month following the end of the calendar quarter. For ozone depleting chemicals, communications, and air transportation taxes, the return is due by the last day of the second month following the end of the quarter. The statutory period for assessment is three years from the due date of the return or the date filed, whichever is later.

For Account and Processing Support (APS) procedures regarding establishing cases on Appeals Centralized Database System (ACDS), refer to IRM 8.20.5, Account and Processing Support (APS), Carding New Receipts.

The ATE will verify the case was carded-in ACDS following the same procedures used when a regular income tax case is received except for the following:

Appeals will not return cases to Compliance as a premature referral when the case is not fully developed. Appeals will attempt to settle a case on factual hazards when the case submitted by Compliance is not fully developed and the taxpayer has presented no new information or evidence.

In resolving disputes, the ATE may consider new theories and/or alternative legal arguments that support the parties' positions when evaluating the hazards of litigation in a case. See IRM 8.6.1.7.6, Taxpayer Raises New Theory or Alternative Legal Argument, for additional information.

If a taxpayer raises a new issue, please refer to IRM 8.6.1.7.4, Taxpayer Raises New Issue.

If a taxpayer presents new information, please refer to IRM 8.6.1.7.5, Taxpayer Provides New Information.

Notices of Deficiency are issued by Appeals in Chapters 41, 42, 43, and 44 excise tax cases when a mutually satisfactory basis of settlement cannot be reached. Other excise tax cases are not issued a notice of deficiency when unagreed because those cases cannot be litigated in Tax Court.

In deficiency proceedings, Tax Court has jurisdiction to redetermine the deficiency determined by the IRS. The provisions of IRC 6211 through IRC 6216 relate to deficiency procedures. The Tax Court has jurisdiction through these procedures. The jurisdiction of the Court depends, in a case commenced in the Court by a taxpayer, upon the issuance by the Commissioner of a notice of deficiency in income, gift, or estate tax, or in the taxes under Code chapter 41, 42, 43, or 44 (relating to the excise taxes on certain organizations and persons dealing with them).

Letter 901, Statutory Notice, is used for cases involving excise tax cases. When generating the letter on APGolf, select the appropriate opening paragraph for cases involving excise tax.

Letter 531-B, 90-Day Letter - Form 5330 Excise Tax, Form 990-T Tax or Form 5329 Tax, is used for excise tax cases involving certain Chapter 43 excise taxes such as IRC 4971 taxes on failure to meet minimum funding standards, and IRC 4975 taxes on prohibited transactions.

When a taxpayer refuses to file an excise tax return (except Chapters 41 through 44 excise tax returns), the return may be prepared by the IRS under the authority of IRC 6020(b) in either of the following two ways:

Excise tax cases (except Chapters 41 through 44) cannot be litigated in the Tax Court. Therefore, any unagreed tax (except for the exceptions listed above) is assessed without issuance of a Notice of Deficiency.

When the taxpayer has not previously filed a return, it might be more convenient to reflect Appeals determination on a return to be signed either by the taxpayer or ATE under authority of IRC 6020. The return may be prepared in duplicate and the duplicate sent to the taxpayer with a short-form settlement computation. The settlement computation with supporting schedules may also be attached to and made a part of an IRC 6020(b) return.

For agreed cases, non-hazards and regular settlements, request the taxpayer sign Form 2504-E, Agreement to Assessment and Collection of Additional Tax and Acceptance of Overassessment, or Form 2506-AD, Offer of Agreement to Assessment and Collection of Additional Tax and Offer of Acceptance of Overassessment (Excise Tax) for hazards settlements.

Appeals will expedite the closing of a certain "agreed and unpaid deficiency" or overpayment case, if the case meets the "large dollar" criteria described in IRM 4.4.18, AIMS Procedures and Processing Instructions - Large Dollar Cases. For additional procedures see IRM 8.2.1.10.1, Expedite Processing for Certain Large Dollar Cases.

For more information on faxed signatures, see IRM 8.6.4.9, Policy for Use of Fax in Taxpayer Submissions.

For more information on electronic signatures other than by fax, see IRM 10.10.1, IRS Electronic Signature (e-Signature) Program.

The ATE is responsible for providing Account and Processing Support (APS) with the necessary disposition information to update IDRS.

Use of the Customized Form 5402, Appeals Transmittal and Case Memo, for Excise cases, is mandatory. See IRM 8.6.2.3, Customized Form 5402, for more information.

The ATE must provide the necessary information for all required adjustments and any special processing instructions on the Customized Form 5402 prior to sending the case to APS for closing.

APS will adjust the account using the amount listed on the Form 5402 for excise tax cases where a notice of deficiency can not be issued.

Instructions for completing the Excise Customized Form 5402 are posted on the Utilities menu of ACDS.

The procedures for preparing excise tax computations (except chapters 41 through 44) are discussed in this subsection.

Tax Computation Forms:

Form 3610, Audit Statement, may be used as the face sheet for excise tax settlement computations, but it's not required. If Form 3610 is prepared, see instructions below:

Settlement Computations: Set out total additional tax for each quarter with the applicable IRS number so the required information can be easily entered on Form 5403, Appeals Closing Record.

Procedures to assess the "collected" excise taxes under IRC 4251, IRC 4261, and IRC 4271, which are directly assessed against the taxpayer, and not the collecting agency are discussed later in IRM 8.7.10.17, Excise Tax—Direct Assessment. In addition, see IRM 4.24.6.2.6, Direct Assessment Procedures Under IRC 4251, 4261 and 4271.

The annual Highway Use Tax under IRC 4481 is reported on Form 2290, Heavy Highway Vehicle Use Tax Return. The tax is imposed on a heavy highway vehicle used on public highways and is based on the weight of the vehicle.

The tax period begins each July 1 and ends the following June 30. Form 2290 is due by the last day of the month following the month during the tax period in which the vehicle is first used on the public highway.

The annual return is due by August 31 of each tax period for vehicles in use in July. The statutory period for assessment is three years from the due date of the return or the date filed, whichever is later.

Due to the different due dates and interest computation dates, show the additional tax for the tax period on the settlement computation summary page, and list the beginning date.

Code Chapters 41 through 44 impose excise taxes on certain exempt organization and employee plan transactions. The following IRC sections, applicable to income, estate, and gift taxes also apply to these excise taxes:

The following IRC sections are not applicable to these taxes:

Transferee proceedings under IRC 6901(a)(2) are applicable to Chapters 41, 42, 43 and 44 taxes.

See IRM 8.7.8 Tax Exempt and Government Entities (TE/GE) Cases, for guidance on exempt organizations and employee plans.

There are two excise taxes related to wagering:

Tax is imposed by IRC 4401 at a rate of 0.25 percent of the amount of the wager for wagers authorized under the laws of the state in which accepted. All other taxable wagers are subject to a rate of 2 percent of the amount of the wager. IRC 4411(a) imposes a tax of $500 per year on persons who accept taxable wagers. If a person accepts only wagers that are authorized under the laws of the state in which accepted, the tax is $50.

The statutory period for assessment is three years from the due date of the return or the date filed, whichever is later. Due to the different due dates and interest computation dates, show on the audit statement summary page additional tax for the tax period and list the beginning date.

Form 5385, Excise Tax Examination Changes, may be used in these cases.

If the taxpayer does not agree to the changes proposed by Appeals, a statutory notice of deficiency cannot be issued. Instead, a report is prepared, the case is closed and the tax is assessed. The taxpayer's only recourse will be to pay the additional tax when assessed, and file a claim for refund.

IRC 6715 provides that if:

The penalty is the greater of $1,000 or $10 per gallon of the dyed diesel fuel or dyed kerosene (whether or not the fuel was dyed pursuant to section 4082) involved. After the first violation, the $1,000 portion of the penalty increases depending on the number of violations. This penalty is in addition to any tax imposed on the fuel. If the penalty is imposed on any business entity, each officer, employee, or agent of the business entity who willfully participated in any act giving rise to the penalty is jointly and severally liable with that entity for the penalty.

Any owner of any building or place, or person having the agency or superintendence of the same, who refuses to admit any officer or employee of the Treasury Department acting under the authority of IRC 7606 (relating to the entry of premises for examination of taxable articles) or refuses to permit them to examine such article or articles, shall, for every such refusal, forfeit $500 (known as the refusal penalty). See IRC 7342.

For further information regarding the dyed diesel fuel penalty see IRM 4.24.16.2, Report Writing and Case Processing Overview and IRM 4.24.16.3, Administrative Appeal of Fuel Penalty.

Rev. Proc. 2001-33 provides for an administrative appeal of certain dyed fuel penalties and gives the taxpayer the right to a pre-assessment appeal of the proposed dyed diesel and dyed kerosene fuel penalties and the refusal to admit entry for purposes of inspecting facilities and equipment and taking and removing samples.

See Publication 510, Excise Taxes, for more information on Dyed Diesel and Dyed Kerosene fuels.

There are other excise taxes subject to Appeals jurisdiction. Referrals, however, are infrequent, and for this reason specific comments are omitted. See IRM 4.24.1, Excise Tax - Introduction to Excise Taxes, which provides an overview of the various taxes. When preparing settlement computations in these cases, observe these guidelines:

Depending upon local arrangements, Form 1331, Notice of Adjustment, may be prepared in part by APS and in part by the Campus on Non-Master File overassessments. Form 1331-C, Notice of Adjustment (Wage or Excise Tax), is for use in excise cases.

For excise tax cases involving restricted interest, you will annotate Form 5402, Appeals Transmittal and Case Memo, and Form 5403, to provide notification to APS of the interest restriction. You will include the type of tax and IRC Section or applicable regulation authorizing the restriction of interest.

The Internal Revenue Code defines, in some instances generally and in others in specific terms, the conditions under which interest is either restricted or prohibited on Internal Revenue taxes. The table below lists the sections of the Internal Revenue Code which govern adjustments resulting in deficiencies or overassessments on which interest is restricted in excise tax cases. It also lists an identifying title and the related provision which governs the computation of interest.

Assess excise tax imposed by IRC 4251 directly against the user of communications facilities and services if the tax is not paid to the collecting agency. Although liable for the tax, the user is not required to file a return.

Do not use a Form 720, Quarterly Federal Excise Tax Return, as a basis for these direct assessments of excise tax.

Process a Non-Master File (NMF) Form 5403 in the name of the person against whom the direct assessment is to be made.

If there is an overassessment of a NMF direct assessment, show the overassessment on Form 5403 with an attached Form 1331, Notice of Adjustment.

Apply these procedures to other direct assessments. See IRM 4.24.6.2.6, Direct Assessment Procedures Under IRC 4251, 4261, and 4271, for more information regarding direct assessments.

There are no formal closing letters on ACDS for excise cases. The closing letter is sent to notify the taxpayer that the Appeals has taken final Appeals closing actions.

Letter 4451, Unagreed Employment Tax, Excise Tax, or Backup Withholding Tax Not Subject to Tax Court Review, may be used for unagreed cases.

Letter 913, Agreed Cases - Closing, may be used for agreed cases.

At the time of mailing, APS will date all copies of the closing letter addressed to the taxpayer.

If the excise tax case can not be worked in IMS, the ATM will forward ACM’s and Form 5402 in PDF file format via encrypted E-mail to a centralized point of contact within SBSE Excise Tax Compliance. The Outlook mailbox set up by Excise to receive the documents is *SBSE Area 214-Appeals Feedback. The E-mail to the encrypted SBSE Area 214-Appeals Feedback Outlook mailbox will include in the subject line the Appeals Work Unit Number (WUNO) assigned to the case.

APGolf Form 5402 will automatically populate for Primary Business Codes 214 with routing information for the ATM feedback routing instructions to SBSE Excise Tax.

If a case is worked in Issue Management System (IMS) then feedback does not need to be sent to the Excise mailbox. IMS will give Appeals the ability to provide Excise with timely feedback on the resolution of their issues.

Adjustments pertaining to an IRA may result in three types of deficiencies assessed in either the Individual Master File (IMF) account or the Individual Retirement Account File (IRAF), as follows:

Show adjustments to taxable income, such as the disallowance of an IRA deduction or income from an early distribution, on Line 7, Adjustments to Income, of Form 5278, Statement - Income Tax Changes.

Form 5329, Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans (Including IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts, may be used to compute the following taxes:

Show excise tax resulting from these adjustments on the "Plus Other Taxes" line of Form 5278.

The statutory deficiency shown on Form 5278 includes an increase to income tax due to both IRA and non-IRA adjustments as well as an increase to excise tax due to IRA adjustments. Since excise tax adjustments for 1975 and subsequent years are posted to the IRA Master File Account (IRAF), provide an allocation of income and excise taxes to aid the employee who prepares Form 5403. Provide the allocation of income and excise taxes on Form 3610 or Form 5278, or in any logical and practical manner.

The TC 300 excise tax assessment must be made to the Individual Retirement Account File (IRAF), MFT 29. This amount is the total excise taxes being assessed and requires identification of the increases (or decreases) of each type of excise tax by the following reference numbers:

The amounts designated by Reference Numbers 160, 162,194 and 195 must equal the TC 300 amount. Annotate the amounts on Form 3610 or Form 5278, or by providing them in any logical and practical manner.

If more than one IRA account is adjusted, provide separate data for each account.

In the case of a jointly filed Form 1040, there may be two IRA accounts (one for each spouse). If both IRA accounts are adjusted, separately provide the reference codes for each spouse. Insert information, similar to the following, in the blank space at the bottom of the Form 3610 or Form 5278, or by providing them in any logical and practical manner.