Three federal taxes are paid on wages and self-employment income—income tax, Social Security tax, and Medicare tax. Social Security and Medicare taxes are collected under one of two systems. Under the Self-Employment Contributions Act (SECA), the self-employed person pays all the taxes. Under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), the employee and the employer each pay half of the Social Security and Medicare taxes. No earnings are subject to both systems. Publication 517, Social Security and Other Information for Members of the Clergy and Religious Workers, covers the following topics about the collection of Social Security and Medicare taxes from members of the clergy, religious workers, and members of a recognized religious sect. The publication discusses: Which earnings are taxed under FICA and which under SECA. How a member of the clergy can apply for an exemption from self-employment tax. How a member of a recognized religious sect can apply for an exemption from both self-employment tax and FICA taxes. How a member of the clergy or a religious worker figures net earnings from self-employment. This publication also covers certain income tax rules of interest to ministers and members of a religious order. Are your ministerial earnings covered under FICA or SECA? Ministerial earnings are the self-employment earnings that result from ministerial services. The following table is from Publication 517. Determine the class to which you belong and read across the table to find if you are covered under FICA or SECA. Don't rely on this table alone. Class Covered under FICA? Covered under SECA? Minister NO. Your ministerial earnings are exempt. YES, if you don't have an approved exemption from the IRS. NO, if you have an approved exemption. Member of a religious order who hasn't taken a vow of poverty NO. Your ministerial earnings are exempt. YES, if you don't have an approved exemption from the IRS. NO, if you have an approved exemption. Member of a religious order who has taken a vow of poverty YES, if: Your order elected FICA coverage for its members; or You worked outside the order and the work wasn't required by, or done on behalf of, the order. NO, if neither of the above applies. NO. Your ministerial earnings are exempt. Christian Science practitioner or reader NO. Your ministerial earnings are exempt. YES, if you don't have an approved exemption from the IRS. NO, if you have an approved exemption. Religious worker (church employee) YES, if your employer didn't elect to exclude you. NO, if your employer elected to exclude you. YES, if your employer elected to exclude you from FICA. NO, if you are covered under FICA. Member of a recognized religious sect YES, if you are an employee and don't have an approved exemption from the IRS. NO, if you have an approved exemption. YES, if you are self-employed and don't have an approved exemption from the IRS. NO, if you have an approved exemption. Related Topic No. 417, Earnings for clergy Elective FICA exemption – Churches and church-controlled organizations Tax information for church and religious organizations Forms & instructions Form 4361, Application for Exemption From Self-Employment Tax for Use By Ministers, Members of Religious Orders and Christian Science Practitioners Publications Publication 1828, Tax Guide for Churches and Religious Organizations PDF