The Associate Chief Counsel (P&A) is responsible for coordinating all aspects of litigation arising under the FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552. For procedures concerning administrative processing of FOIA requests, see CCDM 30.11.1.

Any complaint alleging jurisdiction in part under the FOIA and in part under other statutes or theories falling under the aegis of another Office of Chief Counsel function (a partial FOIA complaint) is to be coordinated with the Associate Chief Counsel (P&A). See CCDM 37.1.2.9. For partial FOIA complaints, the assigned non-P&A attorney will retain primary responsibility for the case, but should not address the FOIA components independently. Instead, those components will be addressed by the P&A attorney assigned to the case, as set forth below.

Upon receipt by any component of the Office of Chief Counsel of a copy of a complaint that alleges jurisdiction under the FOIA, the complaint will be sent to the Technical Services Support Branch (email to TSS.Assignments@irscounsel.treas.gov) for case opening and assignments to a P&A attorney. In the event of a short deadline for response to a complaint, the complaint should also be emailed to the Branch Chiefs of P&A Branches 6 and 7.

The P&A attorney assigned to the case should first ascertain the date of service of process on the United States Attorney’s office in the district in which the action is filed in order to calculate the due date for the answer and should confirm that date with the Department of Justice Tax Division attorney assigned to the case.

The attorney should ascertain whether the lawsuit is based upon the agency’s failure to respond to an initial request or based upon a complete or partial denial of a FOIA appeal. The attorney should obtain the appeal file and review the administrative record as it pertains to the issues raised in the complaint, including any procedural issues (e.g., fee waiver, reasonable description of records, adequacy of search). If no search for responsive records was conducted or if there are questions regarding the adequacy of the search, the attorney should contact the Disclosure Office responsible for the FOIA request. The attorney should also review any withheld records, or portions thereof, and the reasons for the withholdings. If there is no appeal file or if the appeal file is incomplete, the attorney should obtain a copy of the initial request file from the Disclosure Office responsible for the FOIA request that is the subject of the complaint.

Suit based on failure to timely respond. If the lawsuit is based on the agency’s failure to timely respond to a FOIA request or appeal, the attorney should immediately obtain a copy of the request or appeal file and review the administrative record.

Additionally, it may appear from the FOIA request or the complaint, or both, that the records are sought in connection with a substantive tax matter, such as an examination, collection activity, criminal investigation, or ongoing litigation. In such cases, it may be helpful or necessary to a proper defense of the FOIA lawsuit to obtain from the Disclosure personnel who processed the request and/or appeal, and/or from the agency personnel handling the substantive tax matter, pertinent background information relating to the FOIA request.

As the FOIA litigation proceeds, the P&A attorney should stay up to date on the status of the underlying tax matter. Factors such as the closing of a civil examination, docketing of a case in the Tax Court, or referral of a case for criminal prosecution, may have an impact on the choice of defenses to the FOIA lawsuit.

The P&A attorney assigned to the case will prepare a defense letter to assist the Tax Division in defending the Service.

The contents of a defense letter are described below:

Sometimes the circumstances of the case or time constraints may not permit a complete defense letter to be finished in sufficient time to be of use to the Tax Division in filing an answer to the complaint. In such situations, the attorney shall prepare an initial defense letter setting forth all background information gathered up to that point and recommended affirmative defenses.

If an initial defense letter is provided in lieu of a complete defense letter, the attorney should promptly prepare a final defense letter setting forth any additional background information, a legal analysis of the issues, and executed declarations to support a dispositive motion, if appropriate.

In the course of preparing the defense letter, the attorney should analyze the records that have been withheld to evaluate the arguments supporting denial of the records. To the extent that an exemption has been misapplied, the attorney should bring the record to the attention of a reviewer to determine if release, in whole or in part, is appropriate.

In conjunction with preparing the defense letter, the attorney shall prepare declarations to support the exemption claims and other defenses as appropriate.

Declarations should include the facts necessary to support the Government’s motion for summary judgement or other dispositive motion, e.g., details regarding the processing of the FOIA request and the search for records. Declarations are to be written for the signature of, or with input from, those with firsthand knowledge of the facts.

Declarations should be detailed and non-conclusory and avoid the use of inadmissible hearsay. When appropriate, the attorney will incorporate input and suggestions from the Tax Division attorney assigned to the case. The attorney’s reviewer will review the declarations before forwarding them to the declarants for signature.

Once executed, declarations are to be returned to the P&A attorney. The P&A attorney will then forward the declarations to the Tax Division.

After the P&A attorney has provided the Tax Division with the defense letter, declarations necessary to support a motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion, and, if necessary, copies of the records at issue in a format suitable for in camera submission, the attorney is responsible for furnishing any additional assistance requested by the Tax Division. This responsibility may include obtaining additional declarations, furnishing or updating background information, enlarging upon a defense, preparing a court-ordered Vaughn index, answering interrogatories or other discovery, assessing a settlement proposal, or assessing a request for attorney fees and court costs.

Coordination with the Tax Division should continue through any post-judgment filings, such as a motion to alter or amend the judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) or a motion for relief from the judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60. For all "significant litigation" within the meaning of Department of Treasury General Counsel Order No. 10 (January 19, 2001), the reporting requirements of that order should be followed.

The attorney may be required by court order to prepare a Vaughn Index (see Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820 (D.C. Cir. 1973)) of the records being withheld. Generally, the Vaughn Index will entail a document by document description of the records, along with an enumeration of the FOIA exemptions claimed for each record, and a detailed justification for the exemptions.

The index should be detailed, nonconclusory, and avoid the use of inadmissible hearsay. For any record for which it has been determined that there are no segregable portions that may be released, such that the record is being withheld in its entirety, the Vaughn index should include a statement that nonexempt material in the record could not reasonably be segregated from exempt material and the justification for that determination.

After court decision or other conclusion (voluntary dismissal, settlement, etc.) and expiration of the appeal period, the attorney should complete the case closing documentation, submit the case file for closing, and ensure the case is closed on CASE-MIS.

If an appeal is filed, a new work load item should be opened under the appropriate appeal category and the work load item for the district court should be closed. For appellate litigation, see CCDM Part 36.