Designated Roth Account Contributions

An employer offering a section 401(k), 403(b), or governmental section 457(b) plan may allow participants to contribute all or a portion of the elective deferrals they are otherwise eligible to make to a separate designated Roth account established under the plan. These contributions, which are made in lieu of elective deferrals, are designated Roth contributions. Contributions made under a section 401(k) plan must meet the requirements of Regulations section 1.401(k)-1(f) (Regulations section 1.403(b)-3(c) for a section 403(b) plan). In addition, a designated Roth account may include certain nonelective contributions or matching contributions that a participant designates as Roth contributions. Under the terms of the section 401(k) plan, section 403(b) plan, or governmental section 457(b) plan, the designated Roth account must meet the requirements of section 402A.

A separate Form 1099-R must be used to report the total annual distribution from a designated Roth account.

IRA Distributions

For deemed IRAs under section 408(q), use the rules that apply to traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs, as applicable. Simplified employee pension (SEP) IRAs and savings incentive match plan for employees (SIMPLE) IRAs, however, may not be used as deemed IRAs.

IRA Revocation or Account Closure

If a traditional or Roth IRA is revoked during its first 7 days (under Regulations section 1.408-6(d)(4)(ii)) or is closed at any time by the IRA trustee or custodian due to a failure of the taxpayer to satisfy the Customer Identification Program requirements described in section 326 of the USA PATRIOT Act, the distribution from the IRA must be reported. In addition, Form 5498, IRA Contribution Information, must be filed to report any regular, rollover, Roth IRA conversion, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA contribution to an IRA that is subsequently revoked or closed by the trustee or custodian.

If a regular contribution is made to a traditional or Roth IRA that is later revoked or closed, and a distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter the gross distribution in box 1. If no earnings are distributed, enter 0 (zero) in box 2a and Code 8 in box 7 for a traditional IRA and Code J for a Roth IRA. If earnings are distributed, enter the amount of earnings in box 2a. For a traditional IRA, enter Codes 1 and 8, if applicable, in box 7; for a Roth IRA, enter Codes J and 8, if applicable. These earnings could be subject to the 10% additional tax under section 72(t). If a rollover contribution is made to a traditional or Roth IRA that is later revoked or closed, and distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter in boxes 1 and 2a of Form 1099-R the gross distribution and the appropriate code in box 7 (Code J for a Roth IRA). Follow this same procedure for a transfer from a traditional or Roth IRA to another IRA of the same type that is later revoked or closed. The distribution could be subject to the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).

If an IRA conversion contribution or a rollover from a qualified plan is made to a Roth IRA that is later revoked or closed, and a distribution is made to the taxpayer, enter the gross distribution in box 1 of Form 1099-R. If no earnings are distributed, enter 0 (zero) in box 2a and Code J in box 7. If earnings are distributed, enter the amount of the earnings in box 2a and Code J in box 7. These earnings could be subject to the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).

If an employer SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA plan contribution is made and the SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA is revoked by the employee or is closed by the trustee or custodian, report the distribution as fully taxable.

For more information on IRAs that have been revoked, see Rev. Proc. 91-70, 1991-2 C.B. 899.

Roth SEP IRAs and Roth SIMPLE IRAs

Employer matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported in the same manner as the reporting that would have applied if (1) there were no after-tax contributions made to any of the employee's IRAs, and (2) the matching or nonelective contributions were made to an IRA that was not a Roth IRA and then immediately converted to a Roth IRA. So, employer matching and nonelective contributions made to a Roth SEP or Roth SIMPLE IRA must be reported for the year in which the contributions are made to the employee's Roth IRA, with the total reported in boxes 1 and 2a, using code 2 or 7 in box 7 and the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox in box 7 checked.

Plan Escheatment

Payments made from qualified plans on or after January 1, 2022, to state unclaimed property funds must be reported on Form 1099-R. See Rev. Rul. 2020-24, 2020-45 I.R.B. 965, available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-45_IRB#REV-RUL-2020-24.

Deductible Voluntary Employee Contributions (DVECs)

If you are reporting a total distribution from a plan that includes a distribution of DVECs, you may file a separate Form 1099-R to report the distribution of DVECs. If you do, report the distribution of DVECs in boxes 1 and 2a on the separate Form 1099-R. For the direct rollover (explained later) of funds that include DVECs, a separate Form 1099-R is not required to report the direct rollover of the DVECs.

Direct Rollovers

You must report a direct rollover of an eligible rollover distribution. A direct rollover is the direct payment of the distribution from a qualified plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b) plan to a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, or other eligible retirement plan. For additional rules regarding the treatment of direct rollovers from designated Roth accounts, see Designated Roth accounts, later. A direct rollover may be made for the employee, for the employee's surviving spouse, for the spouse or former spouse who is an alternate payee under a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO), or for a nonspouse designated beneficiary, in which case the direct rollover can only be made to an inherited IRA. If the distribution is paid to the surviving spouse, the distribution is treated in the same manner as if the spouse were the employee. See Part V of Notice 2007-7, 2007-5 I.R.B. 395, available at IRS.gov/irb/2007-05_IRB#NOT-2007-7, and Notice 2020-51, 2020-29 I.R.B. 73, available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-29_IRB#NOT-2020-51, for guidance on direct rollovers by nonspouse designated beneficiaries. Also, see Notice 2008-30, Part II, 2008-12 I.R.B. 638, available at IRS.gov/irb/2008-12_IRB#NOT-2008-30, which has been amplified and clarified by Notice 2009-75, 2009-39 I.R.B. 436, available at IRS.gov/irb/2009-39_IRB#NOT-2009-75, for questions and answers covering rollover contributions to Roth IRAs.

An eligible rollover distribution is any distribution of all or any portion of the balance to the credit of the employee (including net unrealized appreciation (NUA)) from a qualified plan, a section 403(b) plan, or a governmental section 457(b) plan except the following.

Amounts paid under an annuity contract purchased for, and distributed to, a participant under a qualified plan can qualify as eligible rollover distributions. See Regulations section 1.402(c)-2, Q/A-10.

For information on distributions of amounts attributable to rollover contributions separately accounted for by an eligible retirement plan and if permissible timing restrictions apply, see Rev. Rul. 2004-12, 2004-7 I.R.B. 478, available at IRS.gov/irb/2004-07_IRB#RR-2004-12, as modified by Notice 2013-74.

Explanation to Recipients Before Eligible Rollover Distributions (Section 402(f) Notice)

For qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, and governmental section 457(b) plans, the plan administrator must provide to each recipient of an eligible rollover distribution an explanation using either a written paper document or an electronic medium (section 402(f) notice). The explanation must be provided no more than 180 days and no fewer than 30 days before making an eligible rollover distribution or before the annuity starting date. However, if the recipient who has received the section 402(f) notice affirmatively elects a distribution, you will not fail to satisfy the timing requirements merely because you make the distribution fewer than 30 days after you provided the notice as long as you meet the requirements of Regulations section 1.402(f)-1, Q/A-2. The electronic section 402(f) notice must meet the requirements for using electronic media in Regulations section 1.401(a)-21.

The notice must explain the rollover rules, the special tax treatment for certain lump-sum distributions, the direct rollover option (and any default procedures), the mandatory 20% withholding rules, and an explanation of how distributions from the plan to which the rollover is made may have different restrictions and tax consequences than the plan from which the rollover is made.

For periodic payments that are eligible rollover distributions, you must provide the notice before the first payment and at least once a year as long as the payments continue. For section 403(b) plans, the payer must provide an explanation of the direct rollover option within the time period described earlier or some other reasonable period of time.

Notice 2020-62, 2020-35 I.R.B. 476, available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-35_IRB#NOT-2020-62, contains two safe harbor explanations that may be provided to recipients of eligible rollover distributions from an employer plan in order to satisfy section 402(f).

Transfers

Generally, do not report a transfer between trustees or issuers that involves no payment or distribution of funds to the participant, including a trustee-to-trustee transfer from one IRA to another IRA, valid transfers from one section 403(b) plan in accordance with paragraphs 1 through 3 of Regulations section 1.403(b)-10(b), or for the purchase of permissive service credit under section 403(b)(13) or section 457(e)(17) in accordance with paragraph 4 of Regulations section 1.403(b)-10(b) and Regulations section 1.457-10(b)(8). However, you must report:

Corrective Distributions

You must report on Form 1099-R corrective distributions of excess deferrals, excess contributions and excess aggregate contributions under section 401(a) plans, section 401(k) cash or deferred arrangements, section 403(a) annuity plans, section 403(b) salary reduction agreements, and salary reduction simplified employee pensions (SARSEPs) under section 408(k)(6). You must also report on Form 1099-R corrective IRA distributions made under section 408(d)(4). Excess contributions that are recharacterized under a section 401(k) plan are treated as distributed. Corrective distributions must include earnings through the end of the year in which the excess arose. These distributions are reportable on Form 1099-R and are generally taxable in the year of the distribution (except for excess deferrals under section 402(g)). Enter Code 8 or P in box 7 (with Code B, if applicable) to designate the distribution and the year it is taxable.

Use a separate Form 1099-R to report a corrective distribution from a designated Roth account.

The total amount of the elective deferral is reported in box 12 of Form W-2. See the Instructions for Forms W-2 and W-3 for more information.

For more information about reporting corrective distributions, see Table 1; Notice 89-32, 1989-1 C.B. 671; Notice 88-33, 1988-1 C.B. 513; Notice 87-77, 1987-2 C.B. 385; and the regulations under sections 401(k), 401(m), 402(g), and 457.

Regulations have not been updated for SARSEPs.

Distributions Under Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS)

The procedure for correcting excess annual additions under section 415 is explained in the latest EPCRS revenue procedure in section 6.06 of Rev. Proc. 2021-30, 2021-31 I.R.B. 172, available at IRS.gov/irb/2021-31_IRB#REV-PROC-2021-30.

Distributions to correct a section 415 failure are not eligible rollover distributions although they are subject to federal income tax withholding under section 3405. They are not subject to social security, Medicare, or Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) taxes. In addition, such distributions are not subject to the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).

You may report the distribution of elective deferrals (other than designated Roth contributions) and employee contributions (and earnings attributable to such elective deferrals and employee contributions) on the same Form 1099-R. However, if you made other distributions during the year, report them on a separate Form 1099-R. Because the distribution of elective deferrals (other than designated Roth contributions) is fully taxable in the year distributed (no part of the distribution is a return of the investment in the contract), report the total amount of the distribution in boxes 1 and 2a. Leave box 5 blank, and enter Code E in box 7. For a return of employee contributions (or designated Roth contributions) plus earnings, enter the gross distribution in box 1, the earnings attributable to the employee contributions (or designated Roth contributions) being returned in box 2a, and the employee contributions (or designated Roth contributions) being returned in box 5. Enter Code E in box 7. For more information, see Rev. Proc. 92-93, 1992-2 C.B. 505.

Similar rules apply to other corrective distributions under EPCRS. Also, special Form 1099-R reporting is available for certain plan loan failures. See section 6.07 of Rev. Proc. 2021-30 for details.

If excess employer contributions (other than elective deferrals), and the earnings on them, under SEP, SARSEP, or SIMPLE IRA plans are returned to an employer (with the participant's consent), enter the gross distribution (excess and earnings) in box 1 and 0 (zero) in box 2a. Enter Code E in box 7.

Failing the ADP or ACP Test After a Total Distribution

If you make a total distribution in 2024 and file a Form 1099-R with the IRS and then discover in 2025 that the plan failed either the section 401(k)(3) actual deferral percentage (ADP) test for 2024 and you compute excess contributions or the section 401(m)(2) actual contribution percentage (ACP) test and you compute excess aggregate contributions, you must recharacterize part of the total distribution as excess contributions or excess aggregate contributions. First, file a CORRECTED Form 1099-R for 2024 for the correct amount of the total distribution (not including the amount recharacterized as excess contributions or excess aggregate contributions). Second, file a new Form 1099-R for 2024 for the excess contributions or excess aggregate contributions and allocable earnings.

You must also issue copies of the Forms 1099-R to the plan participant with an explanation of why these new forms are being issued. ADP and ACP test corrective distributions are exempt from the 10% additional tax under section 72(t).

Loans Treated as Distributions

A loan from a qualified plan under section 401(a) or 403(a), from a section 403(b) plan, or from a plan, whether or not qualified, that is maintained by the United States, a state or political subdivision thereof, or any agency or instrumentality thereof, made to a participant or beneficiary is not treated as a distribution from the plan if the loan satisfies the following requirements.

Certain exceptions, cure periods, and suspension of the repayment schedule may apply.

The loan agreement must specify the amount of the loan, the term of the loan, and the repayment schedule. The agreement may include more than one document.

If a loan fails to satisfy (1), (2), or (3), the balance of the loan is a deemed distribution. The distribution may occur at the time the loan is made or later if the loan is not repaid in accordance with the repayment schedule.

If a loan fails to satisfy (4) at the time the loan is made, the amount that exceeds the amount permitted to be loaned is a deemed distribution.

Permissible Withdrawals Under Section 414(w)

For permissible withdrawals from an eligible automatic contribution arrangement (EACA) under section 414(w):

If the distribution is from a designated Roth account, enter Code B as well as Code 2 in box 7.

Corrected Form 1099-R

If you filed a Form 1099-R with the IRS and later discover that there is an error on it, you must correct it as soon as possible. For example, if you transmit a direct rollover and file a Form 1099-R with the IRS reporting that none of the direct rollover is taxable by entering 0 (zero) in box 2a, and you then discover that part of the direct rollover consists of RMDs under section 401(a)(9), you must file a corrected Form 1099-R reporting the eligible rollover distribution as the direct rollover and file a new Form 1099-R reporting the RMD as if it had been distributed to the participant. See part H in the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns, or Pub. 1220, if filing electronically.

If you filed a Form 1099-R with the IRS reporting a payment of reportable death benefits, you must file a corrected return within 15 calendar days of recovering any portion of the reportable death benefits from the reportable death benefits payment recipient as a result of the rescission of the reportable policy sale.

If you furnished a statement to the reportable death benefits payment recipient, you must furnish the recipient with a corrected statement within 15 calendar days of recovering any portion of the reportable death benefits from the reportable death benefits payment recipient as a result of the rescission of the reportable policy sale.

Filer

The payer, trustee, or plan administrator must file Form 1099-R using the same name and employer identification number (EIN) used to deposit any tax withheld and to file Form 945, Annual Return of Withheld Federal
Income Tax.

Beneficiaries

If you make a distribution to a beneficiary, trust, or estate, prepare Form 1099-R using the name and TIN of the beneficiary, trust, or estate, not that of the decedent. If there are multiple beneficiaries, report on each Form 1099-R only the amount paid to the beneficiary whose name appears on the Form 1099-R, and enter the percentage in box 9a, if applicable.

Alternate Payee Under a QDRO

Distributions to an alternate payee who is a spouse or former spouse of the employee under a QDRO are reportable on Form 1099-R using the name and TIN of the alternate payee. If the alternate payee under a QDRO is a nonspouse, enter the name and TIN of the employee. However, this rule does not apply to IRAs; see Transfer of an IRA to spouse , earlier.

Nonresident Aliens

If income tax is withheld under section 3405 on any distribution to a nonresident alien, report the distribution and withholding on Form 1099-R. Also, file Form 945 to report the withholding. See the presumption rules in part S of the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.

However, any payments to a nonresident alien from any trust under section 401(a); any annuity plan under section 403(a); any annuity, custodial account, or retirement income account under section 403(b); or any IRA account under section 408(a) or (b) are subject to withholding under section 1441, unless there is an exception under a tax treaty. Report the distribution and withholding on Form 1042, Annual Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign Persons, and Form 1042-S, Foreign Person's U.S. Source Income Subject to Withholding.

For guidance regarding covered expatriates, see Notice 2009-85, 2009-45 I.R.B. 598, available at IRS.gov/irb/2009-45_IRB#NOT-2009-85.

Statements to Recipients

If you are required to file Form 1099-R, you must furnish a statement to the recipient. For more information about the requirement to furnish a statement to each recipient, see part M in the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.

Do not enter a negative amount in any box on Form 1099-R.

Account Number

The account number is required if you have multiple accounts for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form 1099-R.

The account number is also required if you check the “FATCA filing requirement” box. See Box 12. FATCA Filing Requirement Checkbox , later.

Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an account number for all Forms 1099-R that you file. See part L in the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.

The policy number of the life insurance contract under which benefits are paid is required if you are reporting a payment of reportable death benefits.

Box 1. Gross Distribution

Enter the total amount of the distribution before income tax or other deductions were withheld. Include direct rollovers, IRA direct payments to accepting employer plans, recharacterized IRA contributions, Roth IRA conversions, and premiums paid by a trustee or custodian for the cost of current life or other insurance protection. Also, include in this box distributions to plan participants from governmental section 457(b) plans. However, in the case of a distribution by a trust representing certificates of deposit (CDs) redeemed early, report the net amount distributed. Also, see Box 6 , later.

For a distribution from a traditional IRA of assets that do not have a readily available FMV, enter Code K in box 7.

Include in this box the value of U.S. Savings Bonds distributed from a plan. Enter the appropriate taxable amount in box 2a. Furnish a statement to the plan participant showing the value of each bond at the time of distribution. This will provide them with the information necessary to figure the interest income on each bond when it is redeemed.

Include in box 1 amounts distributed from a qualified retirement plan for which the recipient elects to pay health insurance premiums under a cafeteria plan or that are paid directly to reimburse medical care expenses incurred by the recipient (see Rev. Rul. 2003-62 on page 1034 of I.R.B. 2003-25 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb03-25.pdf). Also, include this amount in box 2a.

Include in box 1 charges or payments for qualified long-term care insurance contracts under combined arrangements. Enter Code W in box 7.

In addition to reporting distributions to beneficiaries of deceased employees, report here any death benefit payments made by employers that are not made as part of a pension, profit-sharing, or retirement plan. Also, enter these amounts in box 2a; enter Code 4 in box 7.

Do not report accelerated death benefits on Form 1099-R. Report them on Form 1099-LTC, Long-Term Care and Accelerated Death Benefits.

Include in box 1 the amount of any payment of reportable death benefits.

For section 1035 exchanges that are reportable on Form 1099-R, enter the total value of the contract in box 1, 0 (zero) in box 2a, the total premiums paid in box 5, and Code 6 in box 7.

Box 2a. Taxable Amount

When determining the taxable amount to be entered in box 2a, do not reduce the taxable amount by any portion of the $3,000 exclusion for which the participant may be eligible as a payment of qualified health and long-term care insurance premiums for retired public safety officers under section 402(l).

Generally, you must enter the taxable amount in box 2a. However, if you are unable to reasonably obtain the data needed to compute the taxable amount, leave this box blank. Except as provided under Box 6 , later, do not enter excludable or tax-deferred amounts reportable in boxes 5, 6, and 8. Enter 0 (zero) in box 2a for:

Box 2b. Taxable Amount Not Determined

Enter an “X” in this box if you are unable to reasonably obtain the data needed to compute the taxable amount.

In addition, enter an “X” in this box if you are an FFI reporting in box 1 to satisfy your chapter 4 reporting requirement under the election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B).

If you check this box, leave box 2a blank; but see Traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA , earlier. Except for IRAs, make every effort to compute the taxable amount.

Box 2b. Total Distribution

Enter an “X” in this box only if the payment shown in box 1 is a total distribution. A total distribution is one or more distributions within 1 tax year in which the entire balance of the account is distributed. If periodic or installment payments are made, mark this box in the year the final payment is made.

Box 3. Capital Gain (Included in Box 2a)

If any amount is taxable as a capital gain, report it in box 3.

Box 4. Federal Income Tax Withheld

Enter any federal income tax withheld. This withholding under section 3405 is subject to deposit rules and the withholding tax return is Form 945. Backup withholding does not apply. See Pub. 15-A, Employer's Supplemental Tax Guide, and the Instructions for Form 945 for more withholding information.

Even though you may be using Code 1 in box 7 to designate an early distribution subject to the 10% additional tax specified in section 72(q), (t), or (v), you are not required to withhold that tax.

The amount withheld cannot be more than the sum of the cash and the FMV of property (excluding employer securities) received in the distribution. If a distribution consists solely of employer securities and cash ($200 or less) in lieu of fractional shares, no withholding is required.

To determine your withholding requirements for any designated distribution under section 3405, you must first determine whether the distribution is an eligible rollover distribution. See Direct Rollovers , earlier, for a discussion of eligible rollover distributions. If the distribution is not an eligible rollover distribution, the rules for periodic payments or nonperiodic distributions apply. For purposes of withholding, distributions from any IRA are not eligible rollover distributions.

Box 5. Employee Contributions/Designated Roth Account Contributions or Insurance Premiums

Enter the employee's contributions, designated Roth account contributions, or insurance premiums that the employee may recover tax free this year (even if they exceed the box 1 amount). The entry in box 5 may include any of the following: (a) designated Roth account contributions or contributions actually made on behalf of the employee over the years under the plan that were required to be included in the income of the employee when contributed (after-tax contributions), (b) contributions made by the employer but considered to have been contributed by the employee under section 72(f), (c) the accumulated cost of premiums paid for life insurance protection taxable to the employee in previous years and in the current year under Regulations section 1.72-16 (cost of current life insurance protection) (only if the life insurance contract itself is distributed), and (d) premiums paid on commercial annuities. Do not include any DVECs, any elective deferrals, or any contribution to a retirement plan that was not an after-tax contribution.

Generally, for qualified plans, section 403(b) plans, and nonqualified commercial annuities, enter in box 5 the employee contributions or insurance premiums recovered tax free during the year based on the method you used to determine the taxable amount to be entered in box 2a. On a separate Form 1099-R, include the portion of the employee's basis that has been distributed from a designated Roth account. See the Examples in the instructions for box 2a, earlier.

If periodic payments began before 1993, you are not required, but you are encouraged, to report in box 5.

If you made periodic payments from a qualified plan and the annuity starting date is after November 18, 1996, you must use the simplified method to figure the tax-free amount each year. See Annuity starting date in 1998 or later, earlier.

If a total distribution is made, the total employee contributions or insurance premiums available to be recovered tax free must be shown only in box 5. If any previous distributions were made, any amount recovered tax free in prior years must not appear in box 5.

For payments of reportable death benefits, enter your estimate of the buyer’s investment in the contract in box 5.

If you are unable to reasonably obtain the data necessary to compute the taxable amount, leave box 2a blank, leave box 5 blank (except in the case of a payment of reportable death benefits), and check the first box in box 2b. In the case of a payment of reportable death benefits, box 5 must be completed.

For more information, see Rev. Proc. 92-86, 1992-2 C.B. 495, and section 72(d).

For reporting charitable gift annuities, see Charitable gift annuities , earlier.

Box 6. Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) in Employer's Securities

Use this box if a distribution from a qualified plan (except a qualified distribution from a designated Roth account) includes securities of the employer corporation (or a subsidiary or parent corporation) and you can compute the NUA in the employer's securities. Enter all the NUA in employer securities if this is a lump-sum distribution. If this is not a lump-sum distribution, enter only the NUA in employer securities attributable to employee contributions. See Regulations section 1.402(a)-1(b) for the determination of the NUA. Also, see Notice 89-25, Q/A-1, 1989-1 C.B. 662. Include the NUA in box 1 but not in box 2a except in the case of a direct rollover to a Roth IRA or a designated Roth account in the same plan (see Notice 2009-75, Q/A-1, and Notice 2010-84, Q/A-7). You do not have to complete this box for a direct rollover.

Box 7. Distribution Code(s)

Enter an “X” in the IRA/SEP/SIMPLE checkbox if the distribution is from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA. Do not check the box for a distribution from a Roth IRA or for an IRA recharacterization.

Box 8. Other

Enter the current actuarial value of an annuity contract that is part of a lump-sum distribution. Do not include this item in boxes 1 and 2a.

To determine the value of an annuity contract, show the value as an amount equal to the current actuarial value of the annuity contract, reduced by an amount equal to the excess of the employee's contributions over the cash and other property (not including the annuity contract) distributed.

If an annuity contract is part of a multiple recipient lump-sum distribution, enter in box 8, along with the current actuarial value, the percentage of the total annuity contract each Form 1099-R represents.

Also, enter in box 8 the amount of the reduction in the investment (but not below 0 (zero)) against the cash value of an annuity contract or the cash surrender value of a life insurance contract due to charges or payments for qualified long-term care insurance contracts.

Box 9a. Your Percentage of Total Distribution

If this is a total distribution and it is made to more than one person, enter the percentage received by the person whose name appears on Form 1099-R. You need not complete this box for any IRA distributions or for a direct rollover.

Box 9b. Total Employee Contributions

You are not required to enter the total employee contributions or designated Roth contributions in box 9b. However, because this information may be helpful to the recipient, you may choose to report them.

If you choose to report the total employee contributions or designated Roth contributions, do not include any amounts recovered tax free in prior years. For a total distribution, report the total employee contributions or designated Roth contributions in box 5 rather than in box 9b.

Box 10. Amount Allocable to IRR Within 5 Years

Enter the amount of the distribution allocable to an IRR made within the 5-year period beginning with the first day of the year in which the rollover was made. Do not complete this box if an exception under section 72(t) applies.

For further guidance on determining amounts allocable to an IRR, see Notice 2010-84, Q/A-13.

Box 11. First Year of Desig. Roth Contrib.

Enter the first year of the 5-tax-year period. This is the year in which the designated Roth account was first established by the recipient.

Box 12. FATCA Filing Requirement Checkbox

Check the box if you are an FFI reporting a cash value insurance contract or annuity contract that is a U.S. account in a manner similar to that required under section 6047(d). See Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B) for this election. In addition, check the box if you are a U.S. payer that is reporting on Form 1099-R as part of satisfying your requirement to report with respect to a U.S. account for chapter 4 purposes, as described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A).

Box 13. Date of Payment

Enter here the date payment was made for reportable death benefits under section 6050Y.

Boxes 14–19. State and Local Information

These boxes and Copies 1 and 2 are provided for your convenience only and need not be completed for the IRS. Use the state and local information boxes to report distributions and taxes for up to two states or localities. Keep the information for each state or locality separated by the broken line. If state or local income tax has been withheld on this distribution, you may enter it in boxes 14 and 17, as appropriate. In box 15, enter the abbreviated name of the state and the payer's state identification number. The state number is the payer's identification number assigned by the individual state. In box 18, enter the name of the locality. In boxes 16 and 19, you may enter the amount of the state or local distribution. Copy 1 may be used to provide information to the state or local tax department. Copy 2 may be used as the recipient's copy in filing a state or local income tax return.

Alternative one.

Under this method, include in the statement the amount of the RMD with respect to the IRA for the calendar year and the date by which the distribution must be made. The amount may be calculated assuming the sole beneficiary of the IRA is not a spouse more than 10 years younger than the participant. Use the value of the account as of December 31 of the prior year to compute the amount. See the instructions for boxes 11. Check if RMD for 2025 , 12a. RMD Date , and 12b. RMD Amount , later, for how to report.

Alternative two.

Under this method, the statement informs the participant that a minimum distribution with respect to the IRA is required for the calendar year and the date by which such amount must be distributed. You must include an offer to furnish the participant with a calculation of the amount of the RMD if requested by the participant.

Electronic filing.

These statements may be furnished electronically using the procedures described in part F of the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.

Reporting to the IRS.

If an RMD is required, check box 11. See Box 11. Check if RMD for 2025 , later. For example, box 11 is checked on the Form 5498 for a 2025 RMD. You are not required to report to the IRS the amount or the date by which the distribution must be made. However, see the Caution following the box 11 instructions, later, for reporting RMDs to participants.

For more details, see Notice 2002-27 on page 814 of I.R.B. 2002-18 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb02-18.pdf, as clarified by Notice 2003-3 on page 258 of I.R.B. 2003-2 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb03-02.pdf.

Account Number

The account number is required if you have multiple accounts for a recipient for whom you are filing more than one Form 5498. Additionally, the IRS encourages you to designate an account number for all Forms 5498 that you file. See part L in the current General Instructions for Certain Information Returns.

Box 1. IRA Contributions (Other Than Amounts in Boxes 2–4, 8–10, 13a, and 14a)

Enter contributions to a traditional IRA made in 2024 and through April 15, 2025, designated for 2024.

Report gross contributions, including the amount allocable to the cost of life insurance (see Box 6. Life Insurance Cost Included in Box 1 , later) and including any excess contributions, even if the excess contributions were withdrawn. If an excess contribution is treated as a contribution in a subsequent year under section 219(f)(6), do not report it on Form 5498 for the subsequent year. It has already been reported as a contribution on Form 5498 for the year it was actually contributed.

Also include employer contributions to an IRA that are not made pursuant to a SEP arrangement (which include employer contributions that are nominally under a SEP arrangement but that exceed the definite written allocation formula of the SEP arrangement). Such contributions are contributions made by the employee, not by the employer, that are treated as regular IRA contributions subject to the 100% of compensation and $6,500 ($7,500 for participants age 50 or older) limits of section 219. Do not include employer SEP IRA contributions or SARSEP contributions under section 408(k)(6). Instead, include them in box 8.

Also, do not include in box 1 employer contributions, including salary deferrals, to a SIMPLE IRA (report them in box 9) and a Roth IRA (report them in box 10). In addition, do not include in box 1 rollovers and recharacterizations (report rollovers in box 2 and recharacterizations in box 4), or a Roth IRA conversion amount (report in box 3).

Box 2. Rollover Contributions

Enter any rollover contributions (or contributions treated as rollovers) to any IRA received by you during 2024. These contributions may be any of the following.

For the rollover of property, enter the FMV of the property on the date you receive it. This value may be different from the value of the property on the date it was distributed to the participant.

For more details, see Pub. 590-A.

Box 3. Roth IRA Conversion Amount

Enter the amount converted from a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth IRA during 2024. Do not include a rollover from one Roth IRA to another Roth IRA, or a qualified rollover contribution under section 408A(e) from an eligible retirement plan (other than an IRA) to a Roth IRA. These rollovers are reported in box 2.

Box 4. Recharacterized Contributions

Enter any amounts recharacterized plus earnings from one type of IRA to another.

Box 5. FMV of Account

Enter the FMV of the account on December 31, 2024. For inherited IRAs, see Inherited IRAs , earlier.

Trustees and custodians are responsible for ensuring that all IRA assets (including those not traded on established markets or not having a readily determinable market value) are valued annually at their FMV.

Box 6. Life Insurance Cost Included in Box 1

For endowment contracts only, enter the amount included in box 1 allocable to the cost of life insurance.

Box 7. Checkboxes

Check the appropriate box.

Box 8. SEP Contributions

Enter employer contributions made to a SEP IRA (including salary deferrals under a SARSEP) during 2024, including contributions made in 2024 for 2023, but not including contributions made in 2025 for 2024. Trustees and issuers are not responsible for reporting the year for which SEP contributions are made. Do not enter employer contributions to an IRA that are not made pursuant to a SEP arrangement (which include employer contributions that are nominally under a SEP arrangement but that exceed the definite written allocation formula of the SEP arrangement). Report any employer contributions to an IRA that are not made pursuant to a SEP arrangement in box 1. Include in box 8 SEP contributions made by a self-employed person to their own account. Also, include in box 8 contributions to a Roth SEP IRA.

Box 9. SIMPLE Contributions

Enter employer contributions, including salary deferrals, made to a SIMPLE IRA during 2024, including contributions made in 2024 for 2023, but not including contributions made in 2025 for 2024. Trustees and issuers are not responsible for reporting the year for which SIMPLE contributions are made. Do not include contributions to a SIMPLE 401(k) plan. Also, include in box 9 contributions to a Roth SIMPLE IRA.

Box 10. Roth IRA Contributions

Enter any contributions made to a Roth IRA in 2024 and through April 15, 2025, designated for 2024. Also enter a rollover contribution to a Roth IRA from a long-term section 529 qualified tuition program that was made after December 31, 2023, and on or before April 15, 2025, that is designated for 2024. However, report Roth IRA conversion amounts in box 3. Report a qualified rollover contribution made under section 408A(e) from an eligible retirement plan (other than an IRA) to a Roth IRA in box 2. Do not include in box 10 contributions to a Roth SEP IRA or Roth SIMPLE IRA.

Also, report qualified rollover contributions made under section 529(c)(E) from a qualified tuition plan (QTP) to a Roth IRA maintained for the benefit of the QTP beneficiary.

Box 11. Check if RMD for 2025

Check the box if the participant must take an RMD for 2025. You are required to check the box for the year in which the IRA participant reaches age 73 even though the RMD for that year need not be made until April 1 of the following year. Then, check the box for each subsequent year an RMD is required to be made.

Box 12a. RMD Date

Enter the RMD date if you are using Form 5498 to report the additional information. See RMDs , earlier.

Box 12b. RMD Amount

Enter the RMD amount if you are using Form 5498 to report the additional information under Alternative one. See Alternative one , earlier.

Box 13a. Postponed/late contrib.

Report the amount of any postponed contribution made in 2024 for a prior year. If contributions were made for more than 1 prior year, each prior year's postponed contribution must be reported on a separate form. Report the amount of a late rollover contribution made during 2024, including rollovers that are (1) certified by participants, (2) qualified plan loan offsets, and (3) related to taxpayers for federally declared disasters. See Rev. Proc. 2020-46, 2020-45 I.R.B. 995, available at IRS.gov/irb/2020-45_IRB#REV-PROC-2020-46. If the participant also has a postponed contribution, use a separate Form 5498 to report a late rollover.

Box 13b. Year

Enter the year for which the postponed contribution in box 13a was made. Leave this box blank for late rollover contributions and rollovers of qualified plan loan offset amounts.

Box 13c. Code

Enter the reason the participant made the postponed contribution.

Box 14a. Repayments

Enter the amount of any repayment of a qualified reservist distribution, a qualified disaster distribution, a qualified birth or adoption distribution, an emergency personal expense distribution, a terminally ill individual distribution, or an eligible distribution to a domestic abuse victim.

Box 14b. Code

Enter repayment code:

Box 15a. FMV of Certain Specified Assets

Enter the FMV of the investments in the IRA that are specified in the categories identified below.

Box 15b. Code(s)

Enter the code for the type(s) of investments held in the IRA for which the FMV is reported in box 15a. A maximum of two codes can be entered in box 15b. If more than two codes apply, enter Code H.