For purposes of this revenue procedure—

(1) the term “Service” includes the four operating divisions of the Internal Revenue Service and the Associate offices. The four operating divisions are:

(a) Large Business & International Division (LB&I), which generally serves corporations, including S corporations, and partnerships, with assets in excess of $10 million;

(b) Small Business/Self-Employed Division (SB/SE), which generally serves corporations, including S corporations, and partnerships, with assets less than or equal to $10 million; filers of gift, estate, excise, employment and fiduciary returns; individuals filing an individual Federal income tax return with accompanying Schedule C (Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)), Schedule E (Supplemental Income and Loss), Schedule F (Profit or Loss From Farming), Form 2106, Employee Business Expenses, or Form 2106-EZ, Unreimbursed Employee Business Expenses;

(c) Wage and Investment Division (W&I), which generally serves individuals with wage and investment income only (and with no international tax returns) filing an individual Federal income tax return without accompanying Schedule C, E, or F, or Form 2106 or Form 2106-EZ; and

(d) Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division (TE/GE), which serves three distinct taxpayer segments: employee plans (including IRAs), exempt organizations, and government entities.

(2) the term ”Associate office” refers to the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate), the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products), the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax and Accounting), the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (International), the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries), the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration), or the Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities), as appropriate.

(3) the term “Director” refers to the Director, Field Operations, LB&I Area Director, Field Examination, SB/SE; Chief, Estate & Gift Tax Operations, SB/SE; Chief, Employment Tax Operations, SB/SE; Chief, Excise Tax Operations, SB/SE; Director, Compliance, W&I; Director, Employee Plans Examinations; Director, Exempt Organizations Examinations; Director, Federal, State & Local Governments; Director, Tax Exempt Bonds; or Director, Indian Tribal Governments, as appropriate.

(4) the term “Field office” refers to the respective offices of the Directors, as appropriate.

(5) the term ”taxpayer” includes all persons subject to any provision of the Internal Revenue Code and, when appropriate, their representatives. More specifically, the term includes tax-exempt organizations, as well as issuers of tax-exempt obligations, mortgage credit certificates, and tax credit bonds.

This revenue procedure is updated annually as the first revenue procedure of the year, but it may be modified, amplified or clarified during the year.

A “letter ruling” is a written determination issued to a taxpayer by an Associate office in response to the taxpayer’s written inquiry, filed prior to the filing of returns or reports that are required by the tax laws, about its status for tax purposes or the tax effects of its acts or transactions. A letter ruling interprets the tax laws and applies them to the taxpayer’s specific set of facts. A letter ruling is issued when appropriate in the interest of sound tax administration. One type of letter ruling is an Associate office’s response granting or denying a request for a change in a taxpayer’s method of accounting or accounting period. Once issued, a letter ruling may be revoked or modified for a number of reasons. See section 11 of this revenue procedure. A letter ruling may be issued with a closing agreement, however, and a closing agreement is final unless fraud, malfeasance, or misrepresentation of a material fact can be shown. See section 2.02 of this revenue procedure.

A “closing agreement” is a final agreement between the Service and a taxpayer on a specific issue or liability. It is entered into under the authority in § 7121, and it is final unless fraud, malfeasance, or misrepresentation of a material fact can be shown.

A taxpayer may request a closing agreement with a letter ruling or in lieu of a letter ruling, with respect to a transaction that would be eligible for a letter ruling. In such situations, the Associate Chief Counsel with subject matter jurisdiction signs the closing agreement on behalf of the Service.

A closing agreement may be entered into when it is advantageous to have the matter permanently and conclusively closed or when a taxpayer can show that there are good reasons for an agreement and that making the agreement will not prejudice the interests of the Government. In appropriate cases, a taxpayer may be asked to enter into a closing agreement as a condition for the issuance of a letter ruling.

If, in a single case, a closing agreement is requested for each person or entity in a class of taxpayers, separate agreements are entered into only if the class consists of 25 or fewer taxpayers. If the issue and holding are identical for the class and there are more than 25 taxpayers in the class, a “mass closing agreement” will be entered into with the taxpayer who is authorized by the others to represent the class.

A “determination letter” is a written determination issued by a Director that applies the principles and precedents previously announced by the Service to a specific set of facts. It is issued only when a determination can be made based on clearly established rules in a statute, a tax treaty, the regulations, a conclusion in a revenue ruling, or an opinion or court decision that represents the position of the Service.

An “information letter” is a statement issued by an Associate office or Director that calls attention to a well-established interpretation or principle of tax law (including a tax treaty) without applying it to a specific set of facts. An information letter may be issued if the taxpayer’s inquiry indicates a need for general information or if the taxpayer’s request does not meet the requirements of this revenue procedure and the Service concludes that general information will help the taxpayer. An information letter is advisory only and has no binding effect on the Service. If the Associate office issues an information letter in response to a request for a letter ruling that does not meet the requirements of this revenue procedure, the information letter is not a substitute for a letter ruling. The taxpayer should provide a daytime telephone number with the taxpayer’s request for an information letter.

Information letters that are issued by the Associate offices to members of the public are made available to the public. Information letters that are issued by the Field offices are not made available to the public.

Because information letters do not constitute written determinations as defined in § 6110, they are not subject to public inspection under § 6110. The Service makes the information letters available to the public under the Freedom of Information Act (the “FOIA”). Before any information letter is made available to the public, an Associate office will redact any information exempt from disclosure under the FOIA. See, e.g., 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(6) (exemption for information the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy); 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(3) in conjunction with § 6103 (exemption for returns and return information as defined in § 6103(b)).

The following documents also will not be available for public inspection as part of this process:

(1) transmittal letters in which the Service furnishes publications or other publicly available material to taxpayers, without any significant legal discussion;

(2) responses to taxpayer or third party contacts that are inquiries with respect to a pending request for a letter ruling, technical advice memorandum, or Chief Counsel Advice (which are subject to public inspection under § 6110 after their issuance); and

(3) responses to taxpayer or third party communications with respect to any investigation, audit, litigation, or other enforcement action.

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Issues under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate) include those that involve consolidated returns, corporate acquisitions, reorganizations, liquidations, redemptions, spinoffs, transfers to controlled corporations, distributions to shareholders, corporate bankruptcies, the effect of certain ownership changes on net operating loss carryovers and other tax attributes, debt vs. equity determinations, allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers, acquisitions made to evade or avoid income tax, and certain earnings and profits questions.

Issues under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products) include those that involve income taxes and changes in method of accounting of banks, savings and loan associations, real estate investment trusts (REITs), regulated investment companies (RICs), real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs), insurance companies and products, tax-exempt obligations, mortgage credit certificates, tax credit bonds (including specified tax credit bonds), build America bonds, and financial products.

For the procedures to obtain private letter rulings involving tax-exempt state and local obligations, see Rev. Proc. 96–16, 1996–1 C.B. 630.

Issues under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax and Accounting) include those that involve recognition and timing of income and deductions of individuals and corporations, sales and exchanges, capital gains and losses, installment sales, equipment leasing, long-term contracts, inventories, amortization, depreciation, the alternative minimum tax, net operating losses generally, including changes in method of accounting for these issues, and accounting periods. (Note that issues involving individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division. See section 4.02, this revenue procedure).

Issues under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (International) include the tax treatment of nonresident aliens and foreign corporations, withholding of tax on nonresident aliens and foreign corporations, foreign tax credit, determination of sources of income, income from sources outside the United States, subpart F questions, domestic international sales corporations (DISCs), foreign sales corporations (FSCs), exclusions under § 114 for extraterritorial income (ETI), international boycott determinations, treatment of certain passive foreign investment companies, income affected by treaty, U.S. possessions, and other matters relating to the activities of non-U.S. persons within the United States or U.S.-related persons outside the United States, and changes in method of accounting for these persons.

For the procedures to obtain advance pricing agreements under § 482, see Rev. Proc. 2006–9, 2006–1 C.B. 278, as modified by Rev. Proc. 2008–31, 2008–1 C.B. 1133.

For competent authority procedures related to bilateral and multilateral advance pricing agreements, see Rev. Proc. 2006–54, 2006–2 C.B. 1035.

Issues under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) include those that involve income taxes of S corporations (except accounting periods and methods) and certain noncorporate taxpayers (including partnerships, common trust funds, and trusts), entity classification, estate (excluding § 6166), gift, generation-skipping transfer, and certain excise taxes, depletion, and other engineering issues, cooperative housing corporations, farmers’ cooperatives under § 521, the low-income housing, disabled access, and qualified electric vehicle credits, research and experimental expenditures, shipowners’ protection and indemnity associations under § 526, and certain homeowners associations under § 528.

Issues under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration) include those that involve Federal tax procedure and administration, disclosure and privacy law, reporting and paying taxes (including payment of taxes under § 6166), assessing and collecting taxes (including interest and penalties), abating, crediting, or refunding overassessments or overpayments of tax, and filing information returns.

Issues under the jurisdiction of the Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) include the application of employment taxes and taxes on self-employment income, and the tax treatment of tax-exempt organizations (including federal, state, local, and Indian tribal governments), executive compensation and employee benefit programs (including changes in method of accounting), § 457 deferred compensation plans, and the sale of stock to employee stock ownership plans or eligible worker-owned cooperatives under § 1042. Note that certain issues involving exempt organizations, employee plans, and government entities fall under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division of the Internal Revenue Service; see Rev. Proc. 2014–4 and Rev. Proc. 2014–6, this Bulletin.

The procedures for obtaining letter rulings, closing agreements, determination letters, information letters, and oral advice that apply to Federal alcohol, tobacco, and firearms taxes under subtitle E of the Code are under the jurisdiction of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau of the Department of the Treasury.

The procedures for obtaining letter rulings, closing agreements, determination letters, information letters, and oral advice on employee plans, IRAs, and exempt organizations are under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division. See Rev. Proc. 2014–4, this Bulletin. See also Rev. Proc. 2014–6, this Bulletin, for the procedures for issuing determination letters on the qualified status of pension, profit-sharing, stock bonus, annuity, and employee stock ownership plans under §§ 401, 403(a), 409, and 4975(e)(7), and the status for exemption of any related trusts or custodial accounts under § 501(a).

For the user fee requirements applicable to requests under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division, see Rev. Proc. 2014–8, this Bulletin.

In income and gift tax matters, an Associate office generally issues a letter ruling on a proposed transaction or on a completed transaction if the letter ruling request is submitted before the return is filed for the year in which the transaction is completed. An Associate office will not ordinarily issue a letter ruling on a completed transaction if the letter ruling request is submitted after the return is filed for the year in which the transaction is completed. “Not ordinarily” means that unique and compelling reasons must be demonstrated to justify the issuance of a letter ruling submitted after the return is filed for the year in which the transaction is completed. The taxpayer must contact the Field office having audit jurisdiction over their return and obtain the Field’s consent to the issuance of such a letter ruling.

In lieu of requesting a letter ruling under this revenue procedure, a taxpayer may obtain relief for certain late S corporation and related elections by following the procedure in Rev. Proc. 2013–30, 2013–36 I.R.B. 173. This procedure is in lieu of the letter ruling process and does not require payment of any user fee. See section 3.01 of Rev. Proc. 2013–30, and section 15.03(3) of this revenue procedure.

An Associate office will consider a request for an extension of time for making an election or other application for relief under § 301.9100–3 of the Treasury Regulations, even if submitted after the return covering the issue presented in the § 301.9100 request has been filed, an examination of the return has begun, or the issues in the return are being considered by Appeals or a Federal court. A § 301.9100 request is a letter ruling request. Therefore, the § 301.9100 request should be submitted pursuant to this revenue procedure. An election made pursuant to § 301.9100–2 for an automatic extension of time is not a letter ruling request and does not require payment of any user fee. See § 301.9100-2(d) and section 15.03(1) of this revenue procedure.

(1) Format of request. A § 301.9100 request (other than an election made pursuant to § 301.9100-2) must be in the general form of, and meet the general requirements for, a letter ruling request. These requirements are given in section 7 of this revenue procedure. In addition, a § 301.9100 request must include the information required by § 301.9100–3(e).

(2) Period of limitation. The filing of a request for relief under § 301.9100 does not suspend the running of any applicable period of limitation. See § 301.9100–3(d)(2). The Associate office ordinarily will not issue a § 301.9100 ruling if the period of limitation on assessment under § 6501(a) for the taxable year in which an election should have been made, or for any taxable years that would have been affected by the election had it been timely made, will expire before receipt of a § 301.9100 letter ruling. See § 301.9100–3(c)(1)(ii). If, however, the taxpayer consents to extend the period of limitation on assessment under § 6501(c)(4) for the taxable year in which the election should have been made and for any taxable years that would have been affected by the election had it been timely made, the Associate office may issue the letter ruling. See § 301.9100-3(d)(2). Note that the filing of a claim for refund under § 6511 does not extend the period of limitation on assessment. If § 301.9100-3 relief is granted, the Associate office may require the taxpayer to consent to an extension of the period of limitation on assessment. See § 301.9100–3(d)(2).

(3) Taxpayer must notify the Associate office if examination of its return begins while the request is pending. The taxpayer must notify the Associate office if the Service begins an examination of the taxpayer’s return for the taxable year in which an election should have been made, or for any taxable years that would have been affected by the election had it been timely made, while a § 301.9100–3 request is pending. This notification must include the name and telephone number of the examining agent. See § 301.9100–3(e)(4)(i) and section 7.04(1)(b) of this revenue procedure.

(4) Associate office will notify examination agent, appeals officer, or attorney of a § 301.9100 request if the taxpayer’s return is being examined by a Field office or is being considered by an Appeals office or a Federal court. If the taxpayer’s return for the taxable year in which an election should have been made, or for any taxable years that would have been affected by the election had it been timely made, is being examined by a Field office or considered by an Appeals office or a Federal court, the Associate office will notify the appropriate examination agent, appeals officer, or attorney that a § 301.9100 request has been submitted to the Associate office. The examination agent, appeals officer, or attorney is not authorized to deny consideration of a § 301.9100 request. The letter ruling will be mailed to the taxpayer and a copy will be sent to the appeals officer, attorney, or appropriate Service official in the operating division that has examination jurisdiction over the taxpayer’s tax return.

(5) Inclusion of statement required by section 4.04 of Rev. Proc. 2009–41. Eligible entities requesting a letter ruling because they do not meet all of the eligibility requirements of section 4.01 of Rev. Proc. 2009–41, 2009–39 I.R.B. 439, must include either the following representation as part of the entity’s request for a letter ruling or an explanation regarding why they do not qualify to do so: “All required U.S. tax and information returns of the entity (or, if the entity was not required to file any such returns under the desired classification, then all required U.S. tax and information returns of each affected person as defined in Section 4.02 of Rev. Proc. 2009–41) were filed timely or within 6 months of the due date of the respective return (excluding extensions) as if the entity classification election had been in effect on the requested date. No U.S. tax or information returns were filed inconsistently with those described in the prior sentence.”

(6) Relief for late initial classification election. In lieu of requesting a letter ruling under § 301.9100–1 through § 301.9100–3 and this revenue procedure, entities that satisfy the requirements set forth in section 4.01 of Rev. Proc. 2009–41, 2009–39 I.R.B. 439, may apply for late classification election relief under Rev. Proc. 2009–41. Requests for such relief are not subject to user fees. See section 3.01 of Rev. Proc. 2009–41 and section 15.03(2) of this revenue procedure.

As provided in Rev. Proc. 77–9, 1977–1 C.B. 542, the Associate Chief Counsel (International) issues determinations under § 999(d) that may deny certain benefits of the foreign tax credit and the deferral of earnings of foreign subsidiaries and domestic international sales corporations (DISCs) to a person if that person is a member of a controlled group (within the meaning of § 993(a)(3)) that includes the person, or a foreign corporation of which a member of the controlled group is a United States shareholder, that agrees to participate in, or cooperate with, an international boycott. The same principles shall apply with respect to exclusions under § 114 for exterritorial income (ETI). Requests for determinations under Rev. Proc. 77–9 are letter ruling requests and should be submitted to the Associate office pursuant to this revenue procedure.

Unless the issue is covered by section 6 of this revenue procedure, the Associate Chief Counsel (International) may issue a letter ruling under § 367 even if the taxpayer does not request a letter ruling as to the characterization of the transaction under the reorganization provisions of the Code. The Associate office will determine the § 367 consequences of a transaction based on the taxpayer’s characterization of the transaction but will indicate in the letter ruling that it expresses no opinion as to the characterization of the transaction under the reorganization. The Associate office may decline to issue a § 367 ruling in situations in which the taxpayer inappropriately characterizes the transaction under the reorganization provisions.

In general, the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) issues letter rulings on transactions affecting the estate tax on the prospective estate of a living person. The Associate office will not issue letter rulings for prospective estates on computations of tax, actuarial factors, or factual matters. With respect to the transactions affecting the estate tax of the decedent’s estate, generally the Associate office issues letter rulings before the decedent’s estate tax return is filed.

If the taxpayer is requesting a letter ruling regarding a decedent’s estate tax and the estate tax return is due to be filed before the letter ruling is expected to be issued, the taxpayer should obtain an extension of time for filing the return and should notify the Associate office branch considering the letter ruling request that an extension has been obtained.

If the return is filed before the letter ruling is received from the Associate office, the taxpayer must disclose on the return that a letter ruling has been requested, attach a copy of the pending letter ruling request to the return, and notify the Associate office that the return has been filed. See section 7.04(2) of this revenue procedure. The Associate office will make every effort to issue the letter ruling within 3 months of the date the return was filed.

If the taxpayer requests a letter ruling after the return is filed, but before the return is examined, the taxpayer must notify the Field office having jurisdiction over the return that a letter ruling has been requested, attach a copy of the pending letter ruling request, and notify the Associate office that a return has been filed. See section 7.04(2) of this revenue procedure. The Associate office will make every effort to issue the letter ruling within 3 months of the date the return has been filed.

If the letter ruling cannot be issued within that 3-month period, the Associate office will notify the Field office having jurisdiction over the return, which may, by memorandum to the Associate office, grant an additional period for the issuance of the letter ruling.

In matters involving additional estate tax under § 2032A(c), the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) issues letter rulings on proposed transactions and on completed transactions that occurred before the return is filed.

In matters involving qualified domestic trusts under § 2056A, the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) issues letter rulings on proposed transactions and on completed transactions that occurred before the return is filed.

In general, the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) issues letter rulings on proposed transactions that affect the generation-skipping transfer tax and on completed transactions that occurred before the return is filed. In the case of a generation-skipping trust or trust equivalent, letter rulings are issued either before or after the trust or trust equivalent has been established.

In employment and excise tax matters, the Associate offices issue letter rulings on proposed transactions and on completed transactions either before or after the return is filed for those transactions.

Requests regarding employment status (employer/employee relationship) from Federal agencies and instrumentalities or their workers must be submitted directly to the Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities). Requests regarding employment status from other taxpayers must first be submitted to the appropriate Service office listed on the current Form SS–8, Determination of Worker Status for Purposes of Federal Employment Taxes and Income Tax Withholding. See section 12.04 of this revenue procedure. If the service recipient (the firm) requests the letter ruling, the firm will receive any issued letter ruling. A copy will also be sent to any identified workers. If the worker requests the letter ruling and the firm has been contacted for information, both the worker and the firm will receive any issued letter ruling. The letter ruling will apply to any individuals engaged by the firm under substantially similar circumstances.

The Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration) issues letter rulings on matters arising under the Code and related statutes and regulations that involve—

(1) the time, place, manner, and procedures for reporting and paying taxes; or

(2) the filing of information returns.

Pursuant to Rev. Proc. 84–37, 1984–1 C.B. 513, as modified by Rev. Proc. 86–17, 1986–1 C.B. 550, and this revenue procedure, the Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) issues determinations recognizing a tribal entity as an Indian tribal government within the meaning of § 7701(a)(40) or as a political subdivision of an Indian tribal government under § 7871(d) if it determines, after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, that the entity satisfies the statutory definition of an Indian tribal government or has been delegated governmental functions of an Indian tribal government. Requests for determinations under Rev. Proc. 84–37 are letter ruling requests, and, therefore, should be submitted to the Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) pursuant to this revenue procedure.

(1) Definition of Indian tribal government. The term “Indian tribal government” is defined under § 7701(a)(40) to mean the governing body of any tribe, band, community, village, or group of Indians, or (if applicable) Alaska Natives, which is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, to exercise governmental functions. Section 7871(d) provides that, for purposes of § 7871(a), a subdivision of an Indian tribal government shall be treated as a political subdivision of a state if the Secretary of the Treasury determines, after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, that the subdivision has been delegated the right to exercise one or more of the substantial governmental functions of the Indian tribal government.

(2) Inclusion in list of tribal governments. Rev. Proc. 2008–55, 2008–2 C.B. 768, designates the Indian tribal entities that appear on the current or future lists of federally recognized Indian tribes published annually by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, as Indian tribal governments that are treated similarly to states for certain Federal tax purposes. Rev. Proc. 84–36, 1984–1 C.B. 510, as modified by Rev. Proc. 86–17, 1986–1 C.B. 550, provides a list of political subdivisions of Indian tribal governments that are treated as political subdivisions of states for certain Federal tax purposes. Under Rev. Proc. 84–37, as modified by Rev. Proc. 86–17, tribal governments or subdivisions recognized under § 7701(a)(40) or § 7871(d) will be included in the list of recognized tribal government entities in future lists of federally recognized Indian tribes published annually by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, or revised versions of Rev. Proc. 84–36.

The Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) will issue letter rulings in all cases on the determination of a constructive sales price under § 4216(b) or § 4218(c) and in all other cases on prospective transactions if the law or regulations require a determination of the effect of a proposed transaction for Federal tax purposes. See section 6.14(5) of this revenue procedure

In general, the Service will not issue a letter ruling or determination letter on an issue that it cannot readily resolve before the promulgation of a regulation or other published guidance. See section 6.09 of this revenue procedure.

However, an Associate office may issue letter rulings under the following conditions:

(1) Answer is clear or is reasonably certain. If the letter ruling request presents an issue for which the answer seems clear by applying the statute, regulations, and applicable case law to the facts or for which the answer seems reasonably certain but not entirely free from doubt.

(2) Answer is not reasonably certain. If the letter ruling request presents an issue for which the answer does not seem reasonably certain, the Associate office may issue the letter ruling, using its best efforts to arrive at a determination, if it is in the best interest of tax administration.

The Service ordinarily does not issue a letter ruling or a determination letter if, at the time of the request, the identical issue is involved in the taxpayer’s return for an earlier period and that issue—

(1) is being examined by a Field office;

(2) is being considered by Appeals;

(3) is pending in litigation in a case involving the taxpayer or a related taxpayer;

(4) has been examined by a Field office or considered by Appeals and the statutory period of limitations on assessment or on filing a claim for refund or credit of tax has not expired; or

(5) has been examined by a Field office or considered by Appeals and a closing agreement covering the issue or liability has not been entered into by a Field office or by Appeals.

If a return dealing with an issue for a particular year is filed while a request for a letter ruling on that issue is pending, an Associate office will issue the letter ruling unless it is notified by the taxpayer or otherwise learns that an examination of that issue or the identical issue on an earlier year’s return has been started by a Field office. See section 7.04 of this revenue procedure. In income and gift tax matters, even if an examination has begun, an Associate office ordinarily will issue the letter ruling if the Field office agrees by memorandum to the issuance of the letter ruling.

The Service ordinarily does not issue letter rulings or determination letters in certain areas because of the factual nature of the matter involved or for other reasons. Rev. Proc. 2014–3, this Bulletin, and Rev. Proc. 2014–7, this Bulletin, provide a list of these areas. This list is not all-inclusive because the Service may decline to issue a letter ruling or a determination letter when appropriate in the interest of sound tax administration, including due to resource constraints, or on other grounds whenever warranted by the facts or circumstances of a particular case.

Instead of issuing a letter ruling or determination letter, the Service may, when it is considered appropriate and in the interest of sound tax administration, issue an information letter calling attention to well-established principles of tax law.

If the Service determines that it is not in the interest of sound tax administration to issue a letter ruling or determination letter due to resource constraints, it will adopt a consistent approach with respect to taxpayers that request a ruling on the same issue. The Service will also consider adding the issue to the no rule list at the first opportunity. See sections 2.01 and 3.02 of Rev. Proc. 2014–3, this Bulletin.

An Associate office ordinarily will not issue a letter ruling on only part of an integrated transaction. If a part of a transaction falls under a no-rule area, a letter ruling on other parts of the transaction may be issued. Before preparing the letter ruling request, a taxpayer should call a branch having jurisdiction for the matters on which the taxpayer is seeking a letter ruling to discuss whether the Associate office will issue a letter ruling on part of the transaction.

In addition, the Service will not rule on the qualification of any transaction under § 332, 351, 355, or 1036, or on whether a transaction constitutes a reorganization within the meaning of § 368, regardless of whether such transaction is part of an integrated transaction (see section 3.01(45) of Rev. Proc. 2014–3, this Bulletin). Instead, the Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate) will only issue a letter ruling on significant issues (within the meaning of section 3.01(45) of Rev. Proc. 2014–3) presented in a transaction described in § 332, 351, 355, 368, or 1036. For example, the Service may rule on significant issues under § 1.368–1(d) (continuity of business enterprise) and § 1.368–1(e) (continuity of interest). Letter rulings requested under this section 6.03 are subject to the no-rule policies of Rev. Proc. 2014–3. In addition, the Service will not rule on the tax consequences that result from the application of § 332, 351, 355, 368, or 1036 (including nonrecognition and basis) except to the extent of a significant issue and only to the extent consistent with the no-rule policies of Rev. Proc. 2014–3.

Before preparing a letter ruling request under this section involving significant issues presented in a transaction described in § 332, 351, 355, 368, or 1036, a taxpayer is encouraged to call the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate) at the telephone number provided in section 10.07(1)(a) of this revenue procedure to discuss whether the Service will entertain a letter ruling request under this section 6.03. The Service reserves the right to rule on any other aspect of the transaction (including ruling adversely) to the extent the Service believes it is in the best interests of tax administration. Cf. section 2.01 of Rev. Proc. 2014–3.

Taxpayers may request rulings on one or more significant issues in a single letter ruling request. Letter ruling requests under this section 6.03 must include for each significant issue:

(1) A narrative description of the transaction that puts the issue in context;

(2) A statement identifying the issue;

(3) An analysis of the relevant law, which should set forth the authorities most closely related to the issue and explain why these authorities do not resolve the issue, and an explanation concerning why the issue is significant within the meaning of section 3.01(45) of Rev. Proc. 2014–3;

(4) Information and representations relevant to the issue. Taxpayers should consult other published authorities (see, for example, Appendix E of this revenue procedure, which identifies certain checklist and guideline revenue procedures), including those modified by Rev. Proc. 2013–32, 2013–28 I.R.B. 55 (e.g., Rev. Proc. 96–30, 1996–1 C.B. 696), and other authorities (e.g., Rev. Rul. 73–234, 1973–1 C.B. 180 (applying § 355(b) to the activities performed by employees of a corporation engaged in a farming business)), to identify information or representations but only to the extent that they relate to the issue; and

(5) The precise ruling(s) requested.

If the Service issues a letter ruling on a significant issue under this procedure, then the letter ruling will state that no opinion is expressed as to any issue or step not specifically addressed by the letter. In addition, letter rulings issued under this procedure will contain the following (or similar) language:

This Office expresses no opinion as to the overall tax consequences of the transaction(s) described in this letter, including qualification of the transaction under [section 332, 351, 355, 368, or 1036, as appropriate].

The Service ordinarily does not issue a letter ruling or a determination letter on which of two entities, under common law rules applicable in determining the employer-employee relationship, is the employer, when one entity is treating the worker as an employee.

The Service ordinarily does not issue letter rulings or determination letters to business, trade, or industrial associations or to similar groups concerning the application of the tax laws to members of the group. Groups and associations, however, may submit suggestions of generic issues that could be appropriately addressed in revenue rulings. See Rev. Proc. 89–14, 1989–1 C.B. 814, which states the objectives of, and standards for, the publication of revenue rulings and revenue procedures in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.

The Service may issue letter rulings or determination letters to groups or associations on their own tax status or liability if the request meets the requirements of this revenue procedure.

The Service ordinarily does not issue letter rulings or determination letters regarding the tax consequences of a transaction for taxpayers who are not directly involved in the request if the requested letter ruling or determination letter would not address the tax status, liability, or reporting obligations of the requester. For example, a taxpayer may not request a letter ruling relating to the tax consequences of a transaction to a customer or client, if the tax status, liability, or reporting obligations of the taxpayer would not be addressed in the ruling, because the customer or client is not directly involved in the letter ruling request. The tax liability of each shareholder is, however, directly involved in a letter ruling on the reorganization of a corporation. Accordingly, a corporate taxpayer could request a letter ruling that solely addressed the tax consequences to its shareholders of a proposed reorganization.

Rev. Proc. 96–16, 1996–1 C.B. 630, sets forth rules for letter ruling requests involving tax-exempt state and local government obligations.

The Service ordinarily does not issue letter rulings or determination letters to foreign governments or their political subdivisions about the U.S. tax effects of their laws. The Associate offices also do not issue letter rulings on the effect of a tax treaty on the tax laws of a treaty country for purposes of determining the tax of the treaty country. See section 13.02 of Rev. Proc. 2006–54, 2006–2 C.B. 1035. Treaty partners can continue to address matters such as these under the provisions of the applicable tax treaty. In addition, the Associate offices may issue letter rulings to foreign governments or their political subdivisions on their own tax status or liability under U.S. law if the request meets the requirements of this revenue procedure.

The Associate offices ordinarily do not issue letter rulings on a matter involving the Federal tax consequences of any proposed Federal, state, local, municipal, or foreign legislation. The Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) may issue letter rulings regarding the effect of proposed state, local, or municipal legislation upon an eligible deferred compensation plan under § 457(b) provided that the letter ruling request relating to the plan complies with the other requirements of this revenue procedure. The Associate offices also may provide general information in response to an inquiry.

Generally, the Service will not issue a letter ruling or a determination letter if the request presents an issue that cannot be readily resolved before a regulation or any other published guidance is issued. When the Service has closed a regulation project or any other published guidance project that might have answered the issue or decided not to open a regulation project or any other published guidance project, the Associate offices may consider all letter ruling requests unless the issue is covered by section 6 of this revenue procedure, Rev. Proc. 2014–3, this Bulletin, or Rev. Proc. 2014–7, this Bulletin.

The Service will not issue a letter ruling or a determination letter on frivolous issues. A “frivolous issue” is one without basis in fact or law or one that asserts a position that courts have held frivolous or groundless. Examples of frivolous or groundless issues include, but are not limited to:

(1) frivolous “constitutional” claims, such as claims that the requirement to file tax returns and pay taxes constitutes an unreasonable search barred by the Fourth Amendment, violates Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment protections of due process, violates Thirteenth Amendment protections against involuntary servitude, or is unenforceable because the Sixteenth Amendment does not authorize nonapportioned direct taxes or was never ratified;

(2) claims that income taxes are voluntary, that the term “income” is not defined in the Internal Revenue Code, or that preparation and filing of Federal income tax returns violates the Paperwork Reduction Act;

(3) claims that tax may be imposed only on coins minted under a gold or silver standard or that receipt of Federal Reserve Notes does not cause an accretion to wealth;

(4) claims that a person’s income is not taxable because he or she falls within a class entitled to ”reparation claims” or an extra-statutory class of individuals exempt from tax, e.g., “free-born” individuals;

(5) claims that a taxpayer can refuse to pay taxes on the basis of opposition to certain Governmental expenditures;

(6) claims that taxes apply only to Federal employees; only to residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the District of Columbia, or “Federal enclaves;” or that §§ 861 through 865 or any other provision of the Code imposes taxes on U.S. citizens and residents only on income derived from foreign based activities;

(7) claims that wages or personal service income are “not income,” are “nontaxable receipts,” or are a “nontaxable exchange for labor;”

(8) claims that income tax withholding by an employer on wages is optional; or

(9) other claims that the courts have characterized as frivolous or groundless.

Additional examples of frivolous or groundless issues may be found in IRS publications and other guidance (including, but not limited to, Notice 2010–33, Frivolous Positions, and I.R.M. 4.10.12.1.1, Frivolous Arguments).

A letter ruling will not be issued with respect to an issue that is clearly and adequately addressed by statute, regulations, decision of a court, revenue rulings, revenue procedures, notices, or other authority published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin (Comfort Ruling). However, except with respect to issues under § 332, 351, 355, 368, or 1036 and the tax consequences resulting from the application of such Code sections (see generally section 6.03), the Associate office may, in its discretion, decide to issue a Comfort Ruling if the Associate office is otherwise issuing a letter ruling to the taxpayer on another issue arising in the same transaction.

The Service will not issue a letter ruling or a determination letter on alternative plans of proposed transactions or on hypothetical situations.

An Associate office will not issue a letter ruling on the replacement of involuntarily converted property, whether or not the property has been replaced, if the taxpayer has already filed a Federal tax return for the taxable year in which the property was converted. A Director may issue a determination letter in this case. See section 12.01 of this revenue procedure.

A Director will not issue a determination letter if—

(1) the taxpayer has directed a similar inquiry to an Associate office;

(2) the same issue, involving the same taxpayer or a related taxpayer, is pending in a case in litigation or before Appeals;

(3) the request involves an industry-wide problem;

(4) the specific employment tax question at issue in the request has been, or is being, considered by the Central Office of the Social Security Administration or the Railroad Retirement Board for the same taxpayer or a related taxpayer; or

(5) the request is for a determination of constructive sales price under § 4216(b) or § 4218(c), which deal with special provisions applicable to the manufacturers excise tax. The Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) will, in certain circumstances, issue letter rulings in this area. See section 5.13 of this revenue procedure.

A taxpayer who, before filing a return, receives a letter ruling or determination letter about any transaction that has been consummated and that is relevant to the return being filed must attach to the return a copy of the letter ruling or determination letter. Taxpayers filing their returns electronically may satisfy this requirement by attaching a statement to their return that provides the date and control number of the letter ruling or determination letter.

For purposes of this section 7.05, the term “return” includes an original return, amended return, or claim for refund.

The taxpayer or the taxpayer’s authorized representative may obtain information regarding the status of a request for a letter ruling or determination letter by calling the person whose name and telephone number are shown on the acknowledgment of receipt of the request or, in the case of a request for a letter ruling, the appropriate branch representative who contacts the taxpayer as explained in section 8.02 of this revenue procedure.

All requests for letter rulings will be received and initially controlled by the Docket, Records, and User Fee Branch of the Legal Processing Division of the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration) (CC:PA:LPD:DRU). That office will process the incoming documents and the user fee, and it will forward the file to the appropriate Associate office for assignment to a branch that has jurisdiction over the specific issue involved in the request.

Within 21 calendar days after a letter ruling request has been received in the branch of the Associate office that has jurisdiction over the issue, a representative of the branch will contact the taxpayer or, if the request includes a properly executed power of attorney, the authorized representative, unless the power of attorney provides otherwise. During such contact, the branch representative will discuss the procedural issues in the letter ruling request. If the case is complex or a number of issues are involved, it may not be possible for the branch representative to discuss the substantive issues during this initial contact. When possible, for each issue within the branch’s jurisdiction, the branch representative will tell the taxpayer—

(1) whether the branch representative will recommend that the Associate office rule as the taxpayer requested, rule adversely on the matter, or not rule;

(2) whether the taxpayer should submit additional information to enable the Associate office to rule on the matter;

(3) whether the letter ruling complies with all of the provisions of this revenue procedure, and if not, which requirements have not been met; or

(4) whether, because of the nature of the transaction or the issue presented, a tentative conclusion on the issue cannot be reached.

If the letter ruling request involves matters within the jurisdiction of more than one branch or Associate office, a representative of the branch that received the original request will tell the taxpayer within the initial 21 calendar days—

(1) that the matters within the jurisdiction of another branch or Associate office have been referred to that branch or Associate office for consideration, and the date the referral was made, and

(2) that a representative of that branch or Associate office will contact the taxpayer within 21 calendar days after receiving the referral to discuss informally the procedural and, to the extent possible, the substantive issues in the request.

This section 8.02 applies to all matters except for cases involving a request for change in method of accounting or accounting period and cases within the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products) concerning insurance issues requiring actuarial computations.

If less than a fully favorable letter ruling is indicated, the branch representative will tell the taxpayer whether minor changes in the transaction or adherence to certain published positions would bring about a favorable ruling. The branch representative may also tell the taxpayer the facts that must be furnished in a document to comply with Service requirements. The branch representative will not suggest precise changes that would materially alter the form of the proposed transaction or materially alter a taxpayer’s proposed accounting period.

If, at the end of this discussion, the branch representative determines that a meeting in the Associate office would be more helpful to develop or exchange information, a meeting will be offered and an early meeting date arranged. When offered, this meeting is in addition to the taxpayer’s conference of right that is described in section 10.02 of this revenue procedure.

The Service will not be bound by the informal opinion expressed by the branch representative or any other Service representative, and such an opinion cannot be relied upon as a basis for obtaining retroactive relief under the provisions of § 7805(b).

Generally, after the conference of right is held but before the letter ruling is issued, the branch representative will orally notify the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative of the Associate office’s conclusions. See section 10 of this revenue procedure for a discussion of conferences of right. If the Associate office is going to rule adversely, the taxpayer will be offered the opportunity to withdraw the letter ruling request. If, within ten calendar days of the notification by the branch representative, the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative does not notify the branch representative that the taxpayer wishes to withdraw the ruling request, the adverse letter ruling will be issued unless an extension is granted. The user fee will not be refunded for a letter ruling request that is withdrawn. See section 15.10(1)(a) of this revenue procedure.

To accelerate the issuance of letter rulings, in appropriate cases near the completion of the ruling process, the Associate office representative may request that the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative submit a proposed draft of the letter ruling. Such draft would be based on the discussions of the issues between the representative and the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative. The taxpayer is not required to prepare a draft letter ruling to receive a letter ruling.

The format of the submission should be discussed with the Associate office representative who requests the draft letter ruling. The representative usually can provide a sample format of a letter ruling and will discuss with the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative the facts, analysis, and letter ruling language to be included.

Taxpayers are encouraged to submit this draft in a printed copy that is in a computer scannable format. The printed copy will become part of the permanent files of the Associate office. The printed copy should be sent to the same address as any additional information and should contain in the transmittal the information that should be included with any additional information (for example, a penalties of perjury statement is required). See section 8.05(4) of this revenue procedure.

(1) Substantially identical letter rulings. For letter ruling requests qualifying for the user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5)(a) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure for substantially identical letter rulings, a separate letter ruling generally will be issued for each entity with a common member or sponsor, or for each member of a common entity.

(2) Related § 301.9100 letter rulings.

(a) For a § 301.9100 letter ruling request for an extension of time to file a Form 3115 qualifying under section 15.07(4) for the user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5)(d) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure for an identical change in method of accounting, the Associate office generally will issue a single letter on behalf of all applicants on Form 3115 that are the subject of the request.

(b) For a § 301.9100-3 letter ruling request for an extension of time to file an entity classification election for multiple entities qualifying under section 15.07(2) for the user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5)(a) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure, the Associate office generally will issue a single letter on behalf of all entities that are the subject of the request. The taxpayer may request that separate letters be issued to each entity that are the subject of the request. See generally section 5.03 of this revenue procedure.

The Associate office will send a copy of the letter ruling, whether favorable or adverse, to the appropriate Service official in the operating division that has examination jurisdiction of the taxpayer’s tax return.

Ordinarily, a taxpayer may request only one change in method of accounting on a Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method. If the taxpayer wants to request a change in method of accounting for more than one unrelated item or submethod of accounting, the taxpayer must submit a separate Form 3115 for each unrelated item or submethod, except in certain situations in which the Service specifically permits certain unrelated changes to be included on a single Form 3115. For an example of such a situation, see section 14.03 in the Appendix of Rev. Proc. 2011–14, 2011–4 I.R.B. 330 or its successor.

A separate Form 3115 (and, therefore, a separate user fee pursuant to section 15 and Appendix A of this revenue procedure) must be submitted for each taxpayer and each separate trade or business of a taxpayer, including a qualified subchapter S subsidiary (QSub) or a single-member limited liability company (single member LLC), requesting a change in method of accounting, except as specifically permitted or required in guidance published by the Service. See, for example, section 15.07(4) of this revenue procedure

Addresses to which to send Forms 3115. Submit the original Form 3115, in the case of an advance consent Form 3115, or the copy of the Form 3115, in the case of an automatic change request, as follows:

(a) Associate office mailing address if private delivery service is not used. If a private delivery service is not used, a taxpayer other than an exempt organization must send the original completed Form 3115 and the required user fee (in the case of an advance consent Form 3115) or the national office copy of the completed Form 3115 (in the case of an automatic change request for which the copy is required to be filed with the national office) to:

An exempt organization must send the original completed Form 3115 and the required user fee (in the case of an advance consent Form 3115) or the national office copy of the completed Form 3115 (in the case of an automatic change request Form 3115 required to be filed with the national office) to:

See Rev. Proc. 2014–8, this Bulletin, for the applicable user fee for exempt organization Forms 3115.

(b) Mailing address if private delivery service is used. If a private delivery service is used, a taxpayer other than an exempt organization must send the original completed Form 3115 and the required user fee (in the case of an advance consent Form 3115) or the national office copy of the completed Form 3115 (in the case of an automatic change request for which the copy is required to be filed with the national office) to:

If a private delivery service is used, an exempt organization must send the original completed Form 3115 and the required user fee (in the case of an advance consent Form 3115) or the national office copy of the completed Form 3115 (in the case of an automatic change request required to be filed with the national office) to:

See Rev. Proc. 2014–8, this Bulletin, for the applicable user fee for exempt organization Forms 3115.

(c) Address if hand-delivered to the IRS Courier’s desk. For taxpayers other than an exempt organization, the original completed Form 3115 and the required user fee (in the case of an advance consent Form 3115) or the national office copy of the completed Form 3115 (in the case of an automatic change request required to be filed with the national office), may be hand delivered between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to the courier’s desk at the loading dock (located behind the 12^th Street security station) of 1111 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC. A receipt will be given at the courier’s desk. The package should be addressed to:

(d) Ogden office mailing address if copy of Form 3115 for automatic request is required to be filed with the Ogden office. If Rev. Proc. 2011–14, 2011–4 I.R.B. 330, or other published guidance, requires a taxpayer to file a copy of the completed Form 3115 with the Ogden office, send the Ogden copy of the automatic Form 3115 to:

A completed Form 3115 must not be submitted by fax.

An advance consent Form 3115, is received and controlled by the Docket, Records, and User Fee Branch, Legal Processing Division of the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration) (CC:PA:LPD:DRU) if the required user fee is submitted with the Form 3115. Once controlled, the Form 3115 is forwarded to the appropriate Associate office for assignment and processing.

For an advance consent Form 3115, the taxpayer must promptly notify the Associate office if, after the Form 3115 is filed but before a change in method of accounting letter ruling is issued, the taxpayer knows that—

(1) a Field office has started an examination of the present or proposed accounting;

(2) a Field office has started an examination of the proposed year of change;

(3) legislation that may affect the change in method of accounting has been introduced, see section 9.03(7) of this revenue procedure; or

(4) another letter ruling request (including another Form 3115) has been submitted by the taxpayer or a related party within the meaning of § 267 or a member of an affiliated group of which the taxpayer is a member within the meaning of § 1504.

For an advance consent Form 3115, if a less than fully favorable change in method of accounting letter ruling is indicated, the branch representative will tell the taxpayer whether minor changes in the proposed method of accounting would bring about a favorable ruling. The branch representative will not suggest precise changes that materially alter a taxpayer’s proposed method of accounting.

Generally, after the conference is held (or offered, in the event no conference is held) and before issuing any change in method of accounting letter ruling that is adverse to the requested change in method of accounting, the taxpayer will be offered the opportunity to withdraw the Form 3115. See section 9.12 of this revenue procedure. If, within 10 calendar days of the notification by the branch representative, the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative does not notify the branch representative of a decision to withdraw the Form 3115, the adverse change in method of accounting letter ruling will be issued unless an extension is granted. Ordinarily, the user fee required for an advance consent Form 3115 will not be refunded for a Form 3115 that is withdrawn.

(1) In general. A taxpayer may withdraw an advance consent Form 3115 at any time before the change in method of accounting letter ruling is signed by the Associate office. The Form 3115, correspondence, and any documents relating to the Form 3115 that is withdrawn or for which the Associate office declines to issue a letter ruling will not be returned to the taxpayer. See section 9.03(3) of this revenue procedure. In appropriate cases, the Service may publish its conclusions in a revenue ruling or revenue procedure.

(2) Notification of appropriate Service official. If a taxpayer withdraws, or the Associate office declines to grant (for any reason), a request to change from or to an improper method of accounting, the Associate office will notify, in writing, the appropriate Service official in the operating division that has examination jurisdiction of the taxpayer’s tax return and the Change in Method of Accounting Technical Advisor, and may give its views on the issues in the request to the Service official to consider in any later examination of the return.

If the memorandum to the Service official provides more than the fact that the request was withdrawn and the Associate office was tentatively adverse, or that the Associate office declines to grant a change in method of accounting, the memorandum may constitute Chief Counsel Advice, as defined in § 6110(i)(1), and may be subject to disclosure under § 6110.

(3) Refund of user fee. Ordinarily, the user fee will not be returned for an advance consent Form 3115 that is withdrawn. See section 15.10 of this revenue procedure for information regarding refunds of user fees.

The taxpayer or the taxpayer’s authorized representative may obtain information regarding the status of an advance consent Form 3115 by calling the person whose name and telephone number are shown on the acknowledgement of receipt of the Form 3115.

The Service will not be bound by any informal opinion expressed by the branch representative or any other Service representative, and such an opinion cannot be relied upon as a basis for obtaining retroactive relief under the provisions of § 7805(b).

For an advance consent Form 3115 qualifying under section 15.07(4) for the user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5)(b) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure for identical changes in method of accounting, the Associate office generally will issue a single letter ruling on behalf of all applicants on the Form 3115 that are subject of the request.

If two or more items or submethods of accounting are interrelated, the Associate office ordinarily will not issue a letter ruling on a change in method of accounting involving only one of the items or submethods.

Ordinarily, for an advance consent Form 3115, the Commissioner’s permission to change a taxpayer’s method of accounting is set forth in a letter ruling (original and a Consent Agreement copy). If the taxpayer agrees to the terms and conditions contained in the change in method of accounting letter ruling, the taxpayer must sign and date the Consent Agreement copy of the letter ruling in the appropriate space. The Consent Agreement must be signed by an individual with authority to bind the taxpayer in such matters. The Consent Agreement copy must not be signed by the taxpayer’s representative. The signed copy of the letter ruling will constitute an agreement (Consent Agreement) within the meaning of § 1.481-4(b) of the regulations. The signed Consent Agreement copy of the letter ruling must be returned to the Associate office within 45 calendar days. In addition, a copy of the signed Consent Agreement must be attached to the taxpayer’s income tax return for the year of change. See section 8.11 of Rev. Proc. 97–27. A taxpayer filing its return electronically should attach the Consent Agreement as a PDF file named “Form3115Consent.” If the taxpayer has filed its income tax return for the year of change before the ruling has been received and the Consent Agreement has been signed and returned, the copy of the signed Consent Agreement should be attached to the amended return for the year of change that the taxpayer files to implement the change in method of accounting.

A taxpayer must secure the consent of the Commissioner before changing a method of accounting for Federal income tax purposes. See Treas. Reg. § 1.446–1(e)(2)(i). For a change in method of accounting requested on an advance consent Form 3115, a taxpayer has secured the consent of the Commissioner when the taxpayer timely signs and returns the Consent Agreement copy of the letter ruling from the Associate office granting permission to make the change in method of accounting. A taxpayer who timely files an advance consent Form 3115 and takes the requested change into account in the taxpayer’s Federal income tax return for the year of change (and any subsequent tax year), prior to receiving the letter ruling granting permission for the requested change, may nevertheless rely on the letter ruling received from the Associate office after it is received, as provided in section 9.19 of this revenue procedure. If, however, the requested change is modified or is withdrawn, denied, or similarly closed without the Associate office having granted consent, taxpayers are not relieved of any interest, penalties, or other adjustments resulting from improper implementation of the change.

The Associate office will send a copy of each change in method of accounting letter ruling, whether favorable or adverse, to the appropriate Service official in the operating division that has examination jurisdiction of the taxpayer’s tax return.

A taxpayer may rely on a change in method of accounting letter ruling received from the Associate office, subject to certain conditions and limitations. See sections 9, 10, and 11 of Rev. Proc. 97–27, 1997–1 C.B 680.

A qualifying taxpayer complying timely with an automatic change request procedure may rely on the consent of the Commissioner as provided in the automatic change request procedure to change the taxpayer’s method of accounting, subject to certain conditions and limitations. See generally sections 6.01, 7, and 8 of Rev. Proc. 2011–14, 2011–4 I.R.B. 330 (or its successor). An Associate office may review a Form 3115 filed under an automatic change request procedure and will notify the taxpayer if additional information is needed or if consent is not granted to the taxpayer for the requested change. See section 10 of Rev. Proc. 2011–14 (or its successor). Further, the Field office that has jurisdiction over the taxpayer’s return may review the Form 3115. See section 9 of Rev. Proc. 2011–14.

A taxpayer may not rely on a change in method of accounting letter ruling issued to another taxpayer. See § 6110(k)(3).

The Associate office reserves the right to decline to process any advance consent Form 3115 in situations in which it would not be in the best interest of sound tax administration to permit the requested change. In this regard, the Associate office will consider whether the change in method of accounting would clearly and directly frustrate compliance efforts of the Service in administering the income tax laws. See section 8.01 of Rev. Proc. 97–27.

For procedures regarding requests for an automatic change in method of accounting, refer to the following published automatic change request procedures. The Commissioner’s consent to an otherwise qualifying automatic change in method of accounting is granted only if the taxpayer complies timely with the applicable automatic change request procedure.

The automatic change request procedures for obtaining a change in method of accounting include:

(1) Rev. Proc. 2011–14, 2011–4 I.R.B. 330 (or any successor). Rev. Proc. 2011–14 applies to the changes in method of accounting described in the Appendix of Rev. Proc. 2011–14, 2011–4 I.R.B. 330.

(2) The following automatic change request procedures, which require a completed Form 3115, provide both the procedures under which a change may be made automatically and the procedures under which such change must be made:

Treas. Reg. § 1.166–2(d)(3) (bank conformity for bad debts);

Treas. Reg. § 1.448–1 (to an overall accrual method for the taxpayer’s first taxable year it is subject to § 448) (this change may also be subject to the procedures of Rev. Proc. 2011–14, 2011–4 I.R.B. 330 (or any successor));

Treas. Reg. § 1.458–1 and –2 (exclusion for certain returned magazines, paperbacks, or records);

Rev. Proc. 97–43, 1997–2 C.B. 494 (§ 475 — electing out of certain exemptions from securities dealer status); and

Rev. Proc. 91–51, 1991–2 C.B. 779 (§ 1286 — certain taxpayers under examination that sell mortgages and retain rights to service the mortgages).

(3) The following automatic change request procedures, which do not require a completed Form 3115, provide the type of change in method of accounting that may be made automatically and also provide the procedures under which such change must be made:

Notice 96–30, 1996–1 C.B. 378 (§ 446 — change to comply with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 116);

Rev. Proc. 92–29, 1992–1 C.B. 748 (§ 461 — change in real estate developer’s method for including costs of common improvements in the basis of property sold);

Rev. Proc. 98–58, 1998–2 C.B. 712 (certain taxpayers seeking to change to the installment method of accounting under § 453 for alternative minimum tax purposes for certain deferred payment sales contracts relating to property used or produced in the trade or business of farming);

Treas. Reg. § 1.472-2 (taxpayers changing to the last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory method);

Section 585(c) and Treas. Reg. §§ 1.585-6 and 1.585-7 (large bank changing from the reserve method of § 585); and

Rev. Proc. 92–67, 1992–2 C.B. 429 (election under § 1278(b) to include market discount in income currently or election under § 1276(b) to use constant interest rate to determine accrued market discount).

(4) See Appendix E for the list of revenue procedures for automatic changes in accounting period.

In addition to this section 9, the following sections of this revenue procedure apply to automatic change requests and advance consent Forms 3115:

A taxpayer may request a conference regarding a letter ruling request. Normally, a conference is scheduled only when the Associate office considers it to be helpful in deciding the case or when an adverse decision is indicated. If conferences are being arranged for more than one request for a letter ruling involving the same taxpayer, they will be scheduled so as to cause the least inconvenience to the taxpayer. As stated in sections 7.02(6) and 9.04(4) of this revenue procedure, a taxpayer who wants to have a conference on the issue or issues involved should indicate this in writing when, or soon after, filing the request.

If a conference has been requested, the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative will be notified by telephone, if possible, of the time and place of the conference, which must then be held within 21 calendar days after this contact. Instructions for requesting an extension of the 21-day period and notifying the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative of the Associate office’s approval or denial of the request for extension are the same as those explained in section 8.05(2) (section 9.08(2)(a) for a change in method of accounting request) of this revenue procedure regarding providing additional information.

A taxpayer is entitled, as a matter of right, to only one conference in the Associate office, except as explained under section 10.05 of this revenue procedure. This conference is normally held at the branch level and is attended by a person who has the authority to sign the letter ruling in his or her own name or for the branch chief.

When more than one branch has taken an adverse position on an issue in a letter ruling request or when the position ultimately adopted by one branch will affect that adopted by another, a representative from each branch with the authority to sign in his or her own name or for the branch chief will attend the conference. If more than one subject is to be discussed at the conference, the discussion will constitute a conference on each subject.

To have a thorough and informed discussion of the issues, the conference usually will be held after the branch has had an opportunity to study the case. At the request of the taxpayer, the conference of right may be held earlier.

No taxpayer has a right to appeal the action of a branch to an Associate Chief Counsel or to any other official of the Service. But see section 10.05 of this revenue procedure for situations in which the Associate office may offer additional conferences.

In employment tax matters, if the service recipient (the firm) requests the letter ruling, the firm is entitled to a conference. If the worker requests the letter ruling, both the worker and the firm are entitled to a conference. See section 5.10 of this revenue procedure.

Because conference procedures are informal, no tape, stenographic, or other verbatim recording of a conference may be made by any party.

The senior Associate office representative present at the conference ensures that the taxpayer has the opportunity to present views on all the issues in question. An Associate office representative explains the Associate office’s tentative decision on the substantive issues and the reasons for that decision. If the taxpayer asks the Associate office to limit the retroactive effect of any letter ruling or limit the revocation or modification of a prior letter ruling, an Associate office representative will discuss the recommendation concerning this issue and the reasons for the recommendation. The Associate office representatives will not make a commitment regarding the conclusion that the Associate office will finally adopt.

The Associate office will offer the taxpayer an additional conference if, after the conference of right, an adverse holding is proposed, but on a new issue, or on the same issue but on different grounds from those discussed at the first conference. There is no right to another conference when a proposed holding is reversed at a higher level with a result less favorable to the taxpayer, if the grounds or arguments on which the reversal is based were discussed at the conference of right.

The limit on the number of conferences to which a taxpayer is entitled does not prevent the Associate office from offering additional conferences, including conferences with an official higher than the branch level, if the Associate office decides they are needed. These conferences are not offered as a matter of course simply because the branch has reached an adverse decision. In general, conferences with higher level officials are offered only if the Associate office determines that the case presents significant issues of tax policy or tax administration and that the consideration of these issues would be enhanced by additional conferences with the taxpayer.

The taxpayer should furnish to the Associate office any additional data, reasoning, precedents, etc. that were proposed by the taxpayer and discussed at the conference but not previously or adequately presented in writing. The taxpayer must furnish the additional information within 21 calendar days from the date of the conference. If the additional information is not received within that time, a letter ruling will be issued on the basis of the information on hand or, if appropriate, no ruling will be issued. See section 8.05 of this revenue procedure for instructions on submission of additional information for a letter ruling request other than a change in method of accounting request. See section 9.08 of this revenue procedure for instructions on submitting additional information for a change in method of accounting request.

Sometimes it will be advantageous to both the Associate office and the taxpayer to hold a conference before the taxpayer submits the letter ruling request to discuss substantive or procedural issues relating to a proposed transaction. These conferences are held only if the identity of the taxpayer is provided to the Associate office, only if the taxpayer actually intends to make a request, only if the request involves a matter on which a letter ruling is ordinarily issued, and only at the discretion of the Associate office and as time permits. For example, a pre-submission conference will not be held on an income tax issue if, at the time the pre-submission conference is requested, the identical issue is involved in the taxpayer’s return for an earlier period and that issue is being examined by a Field office. See section 6.01(1) of this revenue procedure. A letter ruling request submitted following a pre-submission conference will not necessarily be assigned to the branch that held the pre-submission conference. Also, when a letter ruling request is not submitted following a pre-submission conference, the Associate office may notify, by memorandum, the appropriate Service official in the operating division that has examination jurisdiction of the taxpayer’s tax return and may give its views on the issues raised during the pre-submission conference. For LB&I taxpayers, a copy of the memorandum will be sent to the Director of Pre-Filing & Technical Guidance. This memorandum may constitute Chief Counsel Advice, as defined in § 6110(i), and may be subject to disclosure under § 6110.

(1) Taxpayer may request a pre-submission conference in writing or by telephone. A taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative may request a pre-submission conference in writing or by telephone. If the taxpayer’s representative is requesting the pre-submission conference, a power of attorney is required. A taxpayer should use Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, to provide the representative’s authority. If multiple taxpayers and/or their authorized representatives will attend or participate in the pre-submission conference, cross powers of attorney (or, as appropriate, tax information authorizations) are required. If the taxpayer’s representative is requesting the pre-submission conference by telephone, the Associate office’s representative (see list of phone numbers below) will provide the fax number to send the power of attorney (or, as appropriate, tax information authorizations) prior to scheduling the pre-submission conference.

The request should identify the taxpayer and briefly explain the primary issue so it can be assigned to the appropriate branch. If submitted in writing, the request should also identify the Associate office expected to have jurisdiction over the request for a letter ruling. A written request for a pre-submission conference should be sent to the appropriate address listed in section 7.03 of this revenue procedure.

To request a pre-submission conference by telephone, call:

(a) (202) 317-7700 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate);

(b) (202) 317-4443 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products);

(c) (202) 317-7002 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax and Accounting);

(d) (202) 317-3800 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (International);

(e) (202) 317-3100 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries);

(f) (202) 317-3400 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration); or

(g) (202) 317-6000 (not a toll-free call) for matters under the jurisdiction of the Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities).

(2) Pre-submission conferences held in person or by telephone. Depending on the circumstances, pre-submission conferences may be held in person at the Associate office or may be conducted by telephone.

(3) Certain information required to be submitted to the Associate office prior to the pre-submission conference. Generally, the taxpayer will be asked to provide, at least three business days before the scheduled pre-submission conference, a statement of whether the issue is an issue on which a letter ruling is ordinarily issued, a draft of the letter ruling request or other detailed written statement of the proposed transaction, issue, and legal analysis. If the taxpayer’s authorized representative will attend or participate in the pre-submission conference, a power of attorney is required.

(4) Discussion of substantive issues is not binding on the Service. Any discussion of substantive issues at a pre-submission conference is advisory only, is not binding on the Service in general or on the Office of Chief Counsel in particular, and cannot be relied upon as a basis for obtaining retroactive relief under the provisions of § 7805(b).

Depending on the circumstances, conferences, including conferences of right and pre-submission conferences, may be held by telephone. This may occur, for example, when a taxpayer wants a conference of right but believes that the issue involved does not warrant incurring the expense of traveling to Washington, DC, or if it is believed that scheduling an in-person conference of right will substantially delay the ruling process. If a taxpayer makes such a request, the branch reviewer will decide if it is appropriate in the particular case to hold a conference by telephone. If the request is approved, the taxpayer will be advised when to call the Associate office representatives (not a toll-free call).

A taxpayer ordinarily may rely on a letter ruling received from the Associate office subject to the conditions and limitations described in this section.

A taxpayer may not rely on a letter ruling issued to another taxpayer. See § 6110(k)(3).

When determining a taxpayer’s liability, the Field office must ascertain whether—

(1) the conclusions stated in the letter ruling are properly reflected in the return;

(2) the representations upon which the letter ruling was based reflect an accurate statement of the controlling facts;

(3) the transaction was carried out substantially as proposed; and

(4) there has been any change in the law that applies to the period during which the transaction or continuing series of transactions were consummated.

If, when determining the liability, the Field office finds that a letter ruling should be revoked or modified, the findings and recommendations of the Field office will be forwarded through the appropriate Director to the Associate office for consideration before further action is taken by the Field office. Such a referral to the Associate office will be treated as a request for technical advice and the provisions of Rev. Proc. 2014–2, this Bulletin, relating to requests for technical advice will be followed. See section 13.02 of Rev. Proc. 2014–2, this Bulletin. Otherwise, the Field office should apply the letter ruling in determining the taxpayer’s liability. If a Field office having jurisdiction over a return or other matter proposes to reach a conclusion contrary to a letter ruling previously issued to the taxpayer, it should coordinate the matter with the Associate office.

Unless it was part of a closing agreement as described in section 2.02 of this revenue procedure, a letter ruling found to be in error or not in accord with the current views of the Service may be revoked or modified. If a letter ruling is revoked or modified, the revocation or modification applies to all years open under the period of limitation unless the Service uses its discretionary authority under § 7805(b) to limit the retroactive effect of the revocation or modification.

A letter ruling may be revoked or modified by—

(1) a letter giving notice of revocation or modification to the taxpayer to whom the letter ruling was issued;

(2) the enactment of legislation or ratification of a tax treaty;

(3) a decision of the United States Supreme Court;

(4) the issuance of temporary or final regulations; or

(5) the issuance of a revenue ruling, revenue procedure, notice, or other statement published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.

Consistent with these provisions, if a letter ruling relates to a continuing action or a series of actions, it ordinarily will be applied until any one of the events described above occurs or until it is specifically withdrawn.

Publication of a notice of proposed rulemaking will not affect the application of any letter ruling issued under this revenue procedure.

Where a letter ruling is revoked or modified by a letter to the taxpayer, the letter will state whether the revocation or modification is retroactive. Where a letter ruling is revoked or modified by the issuance of final or temporary regulations or by the publication of a revenue ruling, revenue procedure, notice, or other statement in the Internal Revenue Bulletin, the document may contain a statement as to its retroactive effect on letter rulings.

An Associate office will revoke or modify a letter ruling and apply the revocation retroactively to the taxpayer for whom the letter ruling was issued or to a taxpayer whose tax liability was directly involved in the letter ruling if—

(1) there has been a misstatement or omission of controlling facts;

(2) the facts at the time of the transaction are materially different from the controlling facts on which the letter ruling was based; or

(3) the transaction involves a continuing action or series of actions and the controlling facts change during the course of the transaction.

Where the revocation or modification of a letter ruling is for reasons other than a change in facts as described in section 11.05 of this revenue procedure, it will generally not be applied retroactively to the taxpayer for whom the letter ruling was issued or to a taxpayer whose tax liability was directly involved in the letter ruling provided that—

(1) there has been no change in the applicable law;

(2) the letter ruling was originally issued for a proposed transaction; and

(3) the taxpayer directly involved in the letter ruling acted in good faith in relying on the letter ruling, and revoking or modifying the letter ruling retroactively would be to the taxpayer’s detriment. For example, the tax liability of each shareholder is directly involved in a letter ruling on the reorganization of a corporation. Depending on all facts and circumstances, the shareholders’ reliance on the letter ruling may be in good faith. The tax liability of a member of an industry, however, is not directly involved in a letter ruling issued to another member of the same industry. Therefore, a nonretroactive revocation or modification of a letter ruling to one member of an industry will not extend to other members of the industry who have not received letter rulings. By the same reasoning, a tax practitioner may not extend to one client the non-retroactive application of a revocation or modification of a letter ruling previously issued to another client.

If a letter ruling is revoked or modified by a letter with retroactive effect, the letter will, except in fraud cases, state the grounds on which the letter ruling is being revoked or modified and explain the reasons why it is being revoked or modified retroactively.

A letter ruling issued on a particular transaction represents a holding of the Service on that transaction only. It will not apply to a similar transaction in the same year or any other year. Except in unusual circumstances, the application of that letter ruling to the transaction will not be affected by the later issuance of regulations (either temporary or final) if conditions (1) through (3) in section 11.06 of this revenue procedure are met.

If a letter ruling on a transaction is later found to be in error or no longer in accord with the position of the Service, it will not protect a similar transaction of the taxpayer in the same year or later year.

If a letter ruling is issued covering a continuing action or series of actions and the letter ruling is later found to be in error or no longer in accord with the position of the Service, the appropriate Associate Chief Counsel ordinarily will limit the retroactive effect of the revocation or modification to a date that is not earlier than that on which the letter ruling is revoked or modified. For example, the retroactive effect of the revocation or modification of a letter ruling covering a continuing action or series of actions ordinarily would be limited in the following situations when the letter ruling is in error or no longer in accord with the position of the Service:

(1) A taxpayer received a letter ruling that certain payments are excludable from gross income for Federal income tax purposes. The taxpayer ordinarily would be protected only for the payment received after the letter ruling was issued and before the revocation or modification of the letter ruling.

(2) A taxpayer rendered a service or provided a facility that is subject to the excise tax on services or facilities and, in relying on a letter ruling received, it did not pass the tax on to the user of the service or the facility.

(3) An employer incurred liability under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act but, in relying on a letter ruling received, neither collected the employee tax nor paid the employee and employer taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act. The retroactive effect would be limited for both the employer and employee tax. The limitation would be conditioned on the employer furnishing wage data, as may be required by § 31.6011(a)–1 of the Treasury Regulations.

A letter ruling holding that the sale or lease of a particular article is subject to the manufacturer’s excise tax or the retailer’s excise tax may not retroactively revoke or modify an earlier letter ruling holding that the sale or lease of such an article was not taxable if the taxpayer to whom the letter ruling was issued, in relying on the earlier letter ruling, gave up possession or ownership of the article without passing the tax on to the customer. See § 1108(b), Revenue Act of 1926.

A taxpayer is not protected against retroactive revocation or modification of a letter ruling involving a transaction completed before the issuance of the letter ruling or involving a continuing action or series of actions occurring before the issuance of the letter ruling, because the taxpayer did not enter into the transaction relying on a letter ruling.

Under § 7805(b), the Service may prescribe any extent to which a revocation or modification of a letter ruling will be applied without retroactive effect.

A taxpayer to whom a letter ruling has been issued may request that the appropriate Associate Chief Counsel limit the retroactive effect of any revocation or modification of the letter ruling.

In income and gift tax matters, Directors issue determination letters in response to taxpayers’ written requests on completed transactions that affect returns over which they have examination jurisdiction. A determination letter usually is not issued for a question concerning a return to be filed by the taxpayer if the same question is involved in a return already filed.

Normally, Directors do not issue determination letters on the tax consequences of proposed transactions. A Director may issue a determination letter on the replacement of involuntarily converted property under § 1033, even if the replacement has not yet been made, if the taxpayer has filed an income tax return for the year in which the property was involuntarily converted.

In estate tax matters, Directors issue determination letters in response to written requests affecting the estate tax returns over which they have examination jurisdiction. They do not issue determination letters on matters concerning the application of the estate tax to the prospective estate of a living person.

In generation-skipping transfer tax matters, Directors issue determination letters in response to written requests affecting the generation-skipping transfer tax returns over which they have examination jurisdiction. They do not issue determination letters on matters concerning the application of the generation-skipping transfer tax before the distribution or termination takes place.

In employment and excise tax matters, Directors issue determination letters in response to taxpayers’ written requests on completed transactions over which they have examination jurisdiction. See also section 5.10 of this revenue procedure.

A request received by a Director on a question concerning an income, estate, or gift tax return already filed generally will be considered in connection with the examination of the return. If a response is made to the request before the return is examined, it will be considered a tentative finding in any later examination of that return.

Determination letters issued under sections 12.01 through 12.04 of this revenue procedure are not reviewed by the Associate offices before they are issued. If a taxpayer believes that a determination letter of this type is in error, the taxpayer may ask the Director to reconsider the matter or to request technical advice from an Associate office as explained in Rev. Proc. 2014–2, this Bulletin.

A determination letter issued by a Director has the same effect as a letter ruling issued to a taxpayer under section 11 of this revenue procedure.

If a Field office proposes to reach a conclusion contrary to that expressed in a determination letter, that office need not refer the matter to the Associate office as is required for a letter ruling found to be in error. The Field office must, however, refer the matter to the Associate office through the appropriate Director if it desires to have the revocation or modification of the determination letter limited under § 7805(b).

Under § 7805(b), the Service may prescribe the extent to which a revocation or modification of a determination letter will be applied without retroactive effect. A Director does not have authority under § 7805(b) to limit the revocation or modification of the determination letter. Therefore, if the Field office proposes to revoke or modify a determination letter, the taxpayer may request limitation of the retroactive effect of the revocation or modification by asking the Director that issued the determination letter to seek technical advice from the Associate office. See section 14.02 of Rev. Proc. 2014–2, this Bulletin.

If a Director receives a request for a determination letter, but it may not issue one under the provisions of this revenue procedure, the Director will forward the request to the appropriate Associate office for reply. The Field office will notify the taxpayer that the matter has been referred.

Directors will also refer to the appropriate Associate office any request for a determination letter that in their judgment should have the attention of the Associate office. The Field office will notify the taxpayer that the matter has been referred.

If the request involves an issue on which the Service will not issue a letter ruling or determination letter, the request will not be forwarded to an Associate office. The Director will notify the taxpayer that the Service will not issue a letter ruling or a determination letter on the issue. See section 6 of this revenue procedure for a description of no-rule areas.

If an Associate office receives a request for a letter ruling that it may not act upon under section 6 of this revenue procedure, the Associate office may, in its discretion, forward the request to the Field office that has examination jurisdiction over the taxpayer’s return. The taxpayer will be notified of this action. If the request is on an issue or in an area of the type discussed in section 6 of this revenue procedure and the Service decides not to issue a letter ruling or a determination letter, the Associate office will notify the taxpayer and will then forward the request to the appropriate Field office for association with the related return.

If a request for a letter ruling is mistakenly sent to a Director, the Director will return it to the taxpayer so that the taxpayer can send it to an Associate office.

Section 7528 was added to the Internal Revenue Code by section 202 of the Extension of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Block Grant Program, Pub. L. No. 108-89, amended by section 891(a) of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-357, and was made permanent by section 8244 of the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans’ Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, Pub. L. No. 110–28.

Section 7528 provides that the Secretary of the Treasury or delegate (the “Secretary”) shall establish a program requiring the payment of user fees for requests to the Service for letter rulings, opinion letters, determination letters, and other similar requests. The fees charged under the program are to: (1) vary according to categories or subcategories established by the Secretary; (2) be determined after taking into account the average time for, and difficulty of, complying with requests in each category or subcategory; and (3) be payable in advance. The Secretary is to provide for exemptions and reduced fees under the program as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, but the average fee applicable to each category or subcategory must not be less than the amount specified in § 7528(b)(3).

In general, user fees apply to all requests for—

(1) letter rulings (including advance consent Forms 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method), determination letters, and advance pricing agreements;

(2) closing agreements described in paragraph (A)(3)(d) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure and pre-filing agreements described in Rev. Proc. 2009–14, 2009–3 I.R.B. 324 (or its successor);

(3) renewal of advance pricing agreements; and

(4) reconsideration of letter rulings or determination letters.

Requests to which a user fee applies must be accompanied by the appropriate fee as determined from the fee schedule provided in Appendix A of this revenue procedure. The fee may be refunded as provided in section 15.10 of this revenue procedure.

User fees do not apply to—

(1) elections made pursuant to § 301.9100-2, pertaining to automatic extensions of time (see section 5.03 of this revenue procedure);

(2) late initial classification elections made pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2009–41, 2009–2 C.B. 439 (see section 5.03(6) of this revenue procedure);

(3) late S corporation and related elections made pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2013–30, 2013–36 I.R.B. 173 (see section 5.02 of this revenue procedure);

(4) requests for a change in accounting period or method of accounting permitted to be made by a published automatic change revenue procedure (see section 9.01(1) of this revenue procedure);

(5) information letters; or

(6) late elections under § 338 that qualify under the automatic provisions in sections 3, 4, and 5 of Rev. Proc. 2003–33, 2003-1 C.B. 803.

The user fee requirements do not apply to—

(1) departments, agencies, or instrumentalities of the United States if they certify that they are seeking a letter ruling or determination letter on behalf of a program or activity funded by Federal appropriations. The fact that a user fee is not charged does not have any bearing on whether an applicant is treated as an agency or instrumentality of the United States for purposes of any provision of the Code; or

(2) requests as to whether a worker is an employee for Federal employment taxes and income tax withholding purposes (Subtitle C of the Code) submitted on Form SS-8, Determination of Worker Status for Purposes of Federal Employment Taxes and Income Tax Withholding, or its equivalent.

The schedule of user fees is provided in Appendix A of this revenue procedure. For the user fee requirements applicable to—

(1) requests for advance pricing agreements or renewals of advance pricing agreements, see section 4.12 of Rev. Proc. 2006–9, 2006–1 C.B. 278; or section 5.14 of Rev. Proc. 96–53, 1996–2 C.B. 375; or

(2) requests for letter rulings, determination letters, etc. under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division, see Rev. Proc. 2014–8, this Bulletin.

(1) Requests involving several offices. If a request dealing with only one transaction involves more than one office within the Service (for example, one issue is under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) and another issue is under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division), only one fee applies, namely the highest fee that otherwise would apply to each of the offices involved. See Rev. Proc. 2014–8, this Bulletin, for the user fees applicable to issues under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division.

(2) Requests involving several fee categories. If a request dealing with only one transaction involves more than one fee category, only one fee applies, the highest fee that otherwise would apply to each of the categories involved.

(3) Requests involving several issues. If a request dealing with only one transaction involves several issues, a request for a change in method of accounting dealing with only one item or submethod of accounting involves several issues, or a request for a change in accounting period dealing with only one item involves several issues, the request is treated as one request. Therefore, only one fee applies, i.e., the fee that applies to the particular category or subcategory involved. The addition of a new issue relating to the same transaction, item, or submethod will not result in an additional fee unless the issue places the transaction, item, or submethod in a higher fee category. So long as the issues all relate to a single transaction, a request that the Service address one or more of the issues in a separate ruling will not result in an additional fee.

(4) Requests involving several unrelated transactions. If a request involves several unrelated transactions, a request for a change in method of accounting involves several unrelated items or submethods of accounting, or a request for a change in accounting period involves several unrelated items, each transaction or item is treated as a separate request. As a result, a separate fee will apply for each unrelated transaction, item, or submethod. An additional fee will apply if the request is changed by the addition of an unrelated transaction, item, or submethod not contained in the initial request. An example of a request involving unrelated transactions is a request involving relief under § 301.9100-3 and the underlying issue.

(5) Requests involving several entities. Each entity involved in a transaction (for example, a reorganization) that desires a separate letter ruling in its own name must pay a separate fee regardless of whether the transaction or transactions may be viewed as related. But see section 15.07 of this revenue procedure.

(1) In general. The user fees provided in paragraph (A)(5) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure apply to the situations described in sections 15.07(2) and 15.07(4) of this revenue procedure. To assist in the processing of these user fee requests, all letter ruling requests submitted under this section 15.07 should—

(a) except for advance consent Forms 3115, include the following typed or printed language at the top of the letter ruling request: “REQUEST FOR USER FEE UNDER SECTION 15.07 OF REV. PROC. 2014–1”;

(b) list on the first page of the submission all taxpayers and entities, and separate and distinct trades or businesses, including qualified subchapter S subsidiaries (QSubs) or single member limited liability companies (single member LLCs), requesting a letter ruling (including the taxpayer identification number and the amount of user fee submitted for each taxpayer, entity, or separate and distinct trade or business); and

(c) submit one check to cover all user fees.

If the Service determines that the letter ruling requests do not qualify for the user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure, the Service will request the proper fee. See section 15.09 of this revenue procedure.

(2) Substantially identical letter rulings. The user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5)(a) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure applies to a taxpayer who requests substantially identical letter rulings (including accounting period, method of accounting, and earnings and profits requests other than those submitted on Form 1128, Application to Adopt, Change, or Retain a Tax Year, Form 2553, Election by a Small Business Corporation, Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method, and Form 5452, Corporate Report of Nondividend Distributions) for either multiple entities with a common member or sponsor, or multiple members of a common entity. To qualify for this user fee, all information and underlying documents must be substantially identical and all letter ruling requests must be submitted at the same time. In addition, the letter ruling requests must—

(a) state that the letter ruling requests and all information and underlying documents are substantially identical; and

(b) specifically identify the extent to which the letter ruling requests, information, and underlying documents are not identical.

The reduced fee for substantially identical letter rulings is applicable to taxpayers requesting closing agreements as described in section 2.02 of this revenue procedure, assuming they meet the requirements described above for letter rulings.

(3) Substantially identical plans under § 25(c)(2)(B). The user fee provided in paragraph (A)(5)(b) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure shall apply to a taxpayer who submits substantially identical plans for administering the 95-percent requirement of § 143(d)(1) following the submission and approval of an initial plan for administering the requirement. The request for subsequent approvals of substantially identical plans must (1) state that a prior plan was submitted and approved and include a copy of the prior plan and approval; (2) state that the subsequent plan is substantially identical to the approved plan; and (3) describe any differences between the approved plan and the subsequent plan.

(4) Identical changes in method of accounting and related § 301.9100 letter rulings. A common parent of a consolidated group, or other taxpayer, is eligible for the user fees provided in paragraphs (A)(5)(b) and (d) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure when requesting an identical change in method of accounting on a single Form 3115, Application for Change in Accounting Method, or an extension of time to file Form 3115 under § 301.9100-3 for the identical change in method of accounting, for two or more of the following in any combination—

(a) members of that consolidated group;

(b) separate and distinct trades or businesses (for purposes of § 1.446-1(d)) of that taxpayer or member(s) of that consolidated group. Separate and distinct trades or businesses, include QSubs and single member LLCs;

(c) partnerships that are wholly-owned within that consolidated group; or

(d) controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) and noncontrolled § 902 corporations (10/50 corporations) that do not engage in a trade or business within the United States where (i) all controlling U.S. shareholders of the CFCs and all majority domestic corporate shareholders of the 10/50 corporations, as applicable, are members of that consolidated group; or (ii) the taxpayer is the sole controlling U.S. shareholder of the CFCs or the sole domestic corporate shareholder of that 10/50 corporation.

To qualify as an identical change in method of accounting, the multiple entities wholly owned or controlled by a consolidated group or other taxpayer, or separate and distinct trades or businesses (that is, the applicants) must request to change from an identical present method of accounting to an identical proposed method of accounting. All aspects of the requested change in method of accounting must be identical, including the year of change, the present and proposed methods, the underlying facts and the authority for the request, except for the § 481(a) adjustments. If the Associate office determines that the requested changes in method of accounting are not identical, additional user fees will be required before any letter ruling is issued.

The taxpayer or common parent must, for each applicant for which the change in method of accounting is being requested, attach to the Form 3115 a schedule providing the name, employer identification number (where applicable), and § 481(a) adjustment. If the request is on behalf of eligible CFCs or 10/50 corporations, the taxpayer or common parent must attach a statement that “[a]ll controlling U.S. shareholders (as defined in § 1.964-1(c)(5)(i)) of all the CFCs to which the request relates are members of the common parent’s consolidated group,” “[a]ll majority domestic corporate shareholders (as defined in § 1.964-1(c)(5)(ii)) of all the 10/50 corporations to which the request relates are members of the common parent’s consolidated group,”that “[t]he taxpayer filing the request is the sole controlling U.S. shareholder (as defined in § 1.964-1(c)(5)) of the CFCs to which the request relates,” or “[t]he taxpayer filing the request is the sole domestic corporate shareholder (as defined in § 1.964-1(c)(5)) of the 10/50 corporations to which the request relates,” as applicable. If the request is on behalf of eligible partnerships, the common parent must attach a statement that “[a]ll partnerships to which the request relates are wholly-owned by members of the common parent’s consolidated group.”

In the case of a § 301.9100 request for an extension of time to file a Form 3115 requesting an identical change in method of accounting for multiple members of a consolidated group and/or multiple separate and distinct trades or businesses of a taxpayer or member(s) of the consolidated group, or multiple eligible CFCs or 10/50 corporations (applicants), the taxpayer or common parent must submit the information required in the preceding paragraph in addition to the information required by section 5.03 of this revenue procedure.

Each request to the Service for a letter ruling, determination letter, advance pricing agreement, closing agreement described in paragraph (A)(3)(d) of Appendix A of this revenue procedure, or reconsideration of a letter ruling or determination letter must be accompanied by a check or money order in U.S. dollars, payable to the Internal Revenue Service, in the appropriate amount. The user fee check or money order should not be attached to the Form 2553, Election by a Small Business Corporation, when it is filed at the Service Center. If on the Form 2553, an electing S corporation requests a ruling to use a fiscal year under section 6.03 of Rev. Proc. 2002–39, 2002–1 C.B. 1046, the Service Center will forward the request to the Associate office. When the Associate office receives the Form 2553 from the Service Center, it will notify the taxpayer that the fee is due. Taxpayers must not send cash.

If a request is not accompanied by a properly completed check or money order or is accompanied by a check or money order for less than the correct amount, the office within the Service that is responsible for issuing the letter ruling, determination letter, information letter, advance pricing agreement, closing agreement, or reconsideration of a letter ruling or determination letter generally will exercise discretion in deciding whether to immediately return the request. If a request is not immediately returned, the taxpayer will be contacted and given a reasonable amount of time to submit the proper fee. If the proper fee is not received within a reasonable amount of time, the entire request will then be returned. The Service will usually defer substantive consideration of a request until proper payment has been received. The return of a request to the taxpayer may adversely affect substantive rights if the request is not perfected and resubmitted to the Service within 30 calendar days of the date of the cover letter returning the request.

If a request is accompanied by a check or money order for more than the correct amount, the request will be accepted and the amount of the excess payment will be returned to the taxpayer.

In general, the user fee will not be refunded unless the Service declines to rule on all issues for which a ruling is requested.

(1) The following situations are examples of situations in which the user fee will not be refunded:

(a) The request for a letter ruling, determination letter, etc. is withdrawn at any time subsequent to its receipt by the Service, unless the only reason for withdrawal is that the Service has advised the taxpayer that a higher user fee than was sent with the request is applicable and the taxpayer is unwilling to pay the higher fee.

(b) The request is procedurally deficient, although accompanied by the proper fee or an overpayment, and is not timely perfected. When there is a failure to timely perfect the request, the case will be considered closed and the failure to perfect will be treated as a withdrawal for purposes of this revenue procedure. See section 8.05(3) of this revenue procedure.

(c) The Associate office notifies the taxpayer that the Associate office will not issue the letter ruling and has closed the case as a result of the taxpayer’s failure to submit timely the additional information requested by the Associate office. The failure to submit the additional information will be treated as a withdrawal for purposes of this revenue procedure. See section 8.05(3) of this revenue procedure (section 9.08(7) for a request for a change in method of accounting).

(d) A letter ruling, determination letter, etc. is revoked in whole or in part at the initiative of the Service. The fee paid at the time the original letter ruling, determination letter, etc. was requested will not be refunded.

(e) The request contains several issues, and the Service rules on some, but not all, of the issues. The highest fee applicable to the issues on which the Service rules will not be refunded.

(f) The taxpayer asserts that a letter ruling the taxpayer received covering a single issue is erroneous or not responsive (other than an issue on which the Associate office has declined to rule) and requests reconsideration. The Associate office, upon reconsideration, does not agree that the letter ruling is erroneous or is not responsive. The fee accompanying the request for reconsideration will not be refunded.

(g) The situation is the same as described in paragraph (f) of this section 15.10(1) except that the letter ruling covered several unrelated transactions. The Associate office, upon reconsideration, does not agree with the taxpayer that the letter ruling is erroneous or is not responsive for all of the transactions, but does agree that it is erroneous as to one transaction. The fee accompanying the request for reconsideration will not be refunded except to the extent applicable to the transaction for which the Associate office agrees the letter ruling was in error.

(h) The request is for a supplemental letter ruling, determination letter, etc. concerning a change in facts (whether significant or not) relating to the transaction on which the Service ruled.

(i) The request is for reconsideration of an adverse or partially adverse letter ruling or a final adverse determination letter, and the taxpayer submits arguments and authorities not submitted before the original letter ruling or determination letter was issued.

(2) The following situations are examples of situations in which the user fee will be refunded:

(a) In a situation to which section 15.10(1)(i) of this revenue procedure does not apply, the taxpayer asserts that a letter ruling the taxpayer received covering a single issue is erroneous or is not responsive (other than an issue on which the Associate office declined to rule) and requests reconsideration. Upon reconsideration, the Associate office agrees that the letter ruling is erroneous or is not responsive. The fee accompanying the taxpayer’s request for reconsideration will be refunded.

(b) In a situation to which section 15.10(1)(i) of this revenue procedure does not apply, the taxpayer requests a supplemental letter ruling, determination letter, etc. to correct a mistake that the Service agrees it made in the original letter ruling, determination letter, etc. such as a mistake in the statement of facts or in the citation of a Code section. Once the Service agrees that it made a mistake, the fee accompanying the request for the supplemental letter ruling, determination letter, etc. will be refunded.

(c) The taxpayer requests and is granted relief under § 7805(b) in connection with the revocation in whole or in part, of a previously issued letter ruling, determination letter, etc. The fee accompanying the request for relief will be refunded.

(d) In a situation to which section 15.10(1)(e) of this revenue procedure applies, the taxpayer requests reconsideration of the Service’s decision not to rule on an issue. Once the Service agrees to rule on the issue, the fee accompanying the request for reconsideration will be refunded.

(e) The letter ruling is not issued and taking into account all the facts and circumstances, including the Service’s resources devoted to the request, the responsible Associate Chief Counsel determines a refund is appropriate. This determination is at the sole discretion of the Associate Chief Counsel.

(f) Refunds based on grounds listed in section 15.10(2)(a) through (d) of this revenue procedure are approved at the branch level by a reviewer or branch chief. Refunds based on the ground listed in section 15.10(2)(e) of this revenue procedure must be approved by the Associate Chief Counsel.

A taxpayer who believes the user fee charged by the Service for its request for a letter ruling, determination letter, advance pricing agreement, or closing agreement is either inapplicable or incorrect and wishes to receive a refund of all or part of the amount paid (see section 15.10 of this revenue procedure) may request reconsideration and, if desired, the opportunity for an oral discussion by sending a letter to the Service at the appropriate address given in section 7.03 in this revenue procedure. Both the incoming envelope and the letter requesting such reconsideration should be prominently marked “USER FEE RECONSIDERATION REQUEST.” No user fee is required for these requests. The request should be marked for the attention of:

.01 Technical advice. This revenue procedure explains when and how the Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate), the Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products), the Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax and Accounting), the Associate Chief Counsel (International), the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries), the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration), and the Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) provide technical advice memoranda (TAMs) to a Director or an Appeals Area Director. It also explains the rights that a taxpayer has when a field office requests a TAM regarding a tax matter. Rev. Proc. 2013–2 superseded.

.02 This revenue procedure is updated annually as the second revenue procedure of the year, but may be modified during the year.

.03 The provisions of this revenue procedure apply if the authority normally exercised by the Director has been properly delegated to another official.

.01 The term “operating division” means the (1) Large Business & International Division (LB&I); (2) the Small Business/Self-Employed Division (SB/SE); (3) the Wage and Investment Division (W&I); and (4) the Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division (TE/GE).

.02 The term “Director” means (1) the Director, Field Operations (LB&I) for the taxpayer’s industry; (2) a Territory Manager, Field Compliance (SB/SE); (3) the Director, Compliance (W&I); (4) the Director, International Compliance, Strategy and Policy; (5) the Director, Employee Plans Examinations; (6) the Director, Exempt Organizations Examinations; (7) the Director, Federal, State & Local Governments; (8) the Director, Tax Exempt Bonds; (9) the Director, Indian Tribal Governments; (10) the Appeals Area Director; (11) the Appeals Director, Domestic Operations, (12) the Appeals Director, International Operations; or (13) any official to whom the authority normally exercised by a Director has properly been delegated.

.03 The term “Territory Manager” means (1) a Territory Manager (LB&I); (2) a Territory Manager, Examination (SB/SE); (3) a Territory Manager, Specialty (SB/SE); (4) the Director, Compliance (W&I); (5) the Employee Plans Examinations Area Manager; (6) the Exempt Organizations Examinations Area Manager; (7) the Employee Plans Determinations Manager; (8) the Exempt Organizations Determinations Manager; (9) the Group Manager, Federal, State & Local Governments; (10) program managers within Tax Exempt Bonds; (11) the Manager, Field Operations, Tax Exempt Bonds; or (12) the Group Manager, Indian Tribal Governments.

.04 The term “Appeals officer” means the Appeals officer assigned to the taxpayer’s case and includes an Appeals Team Case Leader or settlement officer.

.05 The term “taxpayer” means any person subject to any provision of the Internal Revenue Code, including an issuer of obligations the interest on which is excluded from gross income under §103, issuers of other bonds that provided a tax subsidy, and the taxpayer’s representatives.

.06 The term “Associate office” means (1) the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate); (2) the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products); (3) the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax and Accounting); (4) the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (International); (5) the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries); (6) the Office of Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration); or (7) the Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities).

.07 The term “field office” means personnel in any examination or Appeals office.

.08 The term “field counsel” means any attorney assigned to the Division Counsel for an operating division who is not a member of Division Counsel Headquarters.

.01 Technical advice is advice furnished by an Associate office in a memorandum that responds to any request, submitted under this revenue procedure, for assistance on any technical or procedural question that develops during any proceeding before the IRS. The field office may request a TAM when the application of the law to the facts involved is unclear. The question must be on the interpretation and proper application of tax laws, tax treaties, regulations, revenue rulings, notices, or other precedents to a specific set of facts that concerns the treatment of an item in a period under examination or appeal. A TAM may not be requested for prospective or hypothetical transactions. Proceedings before the IRS include: (1) the examination of a taxpayer’s return; (2) the consideration of a taxpayer’s claim for credit or refund; (3) any matter under examination or in Appeals pertaining to tax-exempt bonds, tax credit bonds, or mortgage credit certificates; and (4) any other matter involving a specific taxpayer under the jurisdiction of a Director. Technical advice does not include any oral legal advice or any written legal advice furnished to the field office that is not submitted and processed under this revenue procedure.

.02 A Director may raise an issue in any tax period, even if a TAM was requested and furnished for the same or similar issue for another tax period. The field office may also request a TAM on an issue even if Appeals disposed of the same or similar issue for another tax period of the same taxpayer.

.03 Taxpayers will be afforded an opportunity to participate in the TAM process. Taxpayer participation is preferred but not required in order to process a request for technical advice. A taxpayer’s failure to participate in stages identified as“material,” however, will constitute waiver of the right to the conference described in Section 9.

Under no circumstances will a taxpayer be treated as having waived its right to see the issued TAM or having waived its rights regarding disclosure and deletions described in Section 10.

.01 The procedures for obtaining technical advice specifically applicable to federal alcohol, tobacco, and firearms taxes under subtitle E of the Code are currently under the jurisdiction of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau of the Treasury Department.

.02 The procedures for requesting technical advice on issues under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division, are found in Rev. Proc. 2014–5, of this Bulletin. The procedures under Rev. Proc. 2014–2, however, must be followed to request technical advice on issues pertaining to tax-exempt bonds, tax credit bonds, direct payment bonds, Indian tribal governments, federal, state, or local governments, mortgage credit certificates, deferred compensation plans under §457, and sales of stock to employee stock ownership plans or eligible worker-owned cooperatives under §1042.

.03 Even though the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries) has jurisdiction over issues arising under §521, the procedures under Rev. Proc. 2014–5, of this Bulletin, and Rev. Proc. 2014–9 in I.R.B. 2014-2 must be followed.

.04 A request for an extension of time for making an election or other application for relief under §301.9100–3 of the Procedure and Administration Regulations is not submitted as a request for technical advice. Instead, the request must be submitted as a request for a letter ruling, even if submitted after the examination of the taxpayer’s return has begun or after the issues in the return are being considered in Appeals or a federal court. Therefore, a request under §301.9100 should be submitted under Rev. Proc. 2014–1, of this Bulletin, and the payment of the applicable user fee is determined under Appendix A of Rev. Proc. 2014–1.

.05 Associate offices will not issue a TAM on frivolous issues. The field office will deny a taxpayer’s request for a TAM if it involves frivolous issues. For purposes of this revenue procedure, a “frivolous issue” is one without basis in fact or law or one asserting a position held by revenue ruling, case law, or any court to be frivolous or groundless. Examples of frivolous or groundless issues include but are not limited to: (1) positions that espouse frivolous “constitutional” claims, such as claims that the requirement to file tax returns and pay taxes constitutes an unreasonable search barred by the Fourth Amendment, violates Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment protections of due process, violates Thirteenth Amendment protections against involuntary servitude, or is unenforceable because the Sixteenth Amendment does not authorize nonapportioned direct taxes or because it was never ratified; and (2) positions asserting that income taxes are voluntary, that the term“income”is not defined in the Internal Revenue Code, or that the preparation and filing of income tax returns violates the Paperwork Reduction Act. Additional examples of frivolous or groundless issues may be found in IRS publications and other guidance (including, but not limited to, section 6.10 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, Notice 2010–33, and I.R.M. Section 4.10.12.1.1).

.06 A field office may not request technical advice on an issue if the same issue of the same taxpayer (or of a related taxpayer within the meaning of §267 or a member of an affiliated group of which the taxpayer is also a member within the meaning of §1504) is in a docketed case for any taxable year. If a case is docketed for an estate tax issue of a taxpayer while a request for technical advice on the same issue of the same taxpayer is pending, the Associate office may issue the TAM only if the appropriate Appeals officer and field counsel agree, by memorandum, to the issuance of the TAM.

.07 The Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration) does not provide technical advice on matters arising under the Internal Revenue Code and related statutes and regulations that involve the collection of taxes (including interest and penalties). With respect to such matters, the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration) may issue alternative forms of advice.

.01 Because technical advice is issued to assist field offices, it is the field office that determines whether to request it. In determining whether to request technical advice, the field office should consider whether other forms of guidance, e.g., published guidance, generic advice, or some other form of advice, would be more appropriate. Before requesting technical advice, however, the field office must request assistance and a recommendation from field counsel. If the field office disagrees with that recommendation, the field office must seek reconciliation with field counsel through their respective supervisors. Any request for technical advice must be approved in writing by a Director.

.02 While a case is under the jurisdiction of a Director, a taxpayer may request that an issue be referred to the Associate office for technical advice. The request may be oral or written and should be directed to the field office. If the field office decides that a taxpayer’s request for referral of an issue to the Associate office for a TAM is unwarranted, the field office will notify the taxpayer. A taxpayer’s request for referral of an issue for technical advice will not be denied merely because the Associate office has already provided legal advice other than a TAM to the field office on the matter.

.03 The taxpayer may appeal the field office’s denial of the taxpayer’s TAM request by submitting to the field office, within 30 calendar days after notification that the request was denied, a written statement of the reasons why the matter should be referred to the Associate office. The statement should include a description of all pertinent facts (including any facts in dispute); a statement of the issue that the taxpayer would like to have addressed; a discussion of any relevant statutory, regulatory, or administrative provisions, tax treaties, case law, or other authority; and an explanation of the taxpayer’s position and the need for technical advice. Any extensions of the 30-day period must be requested in writing and must be approved by the Director, the LB&I Territory Manager, or the Tax Exempt Bonds Manager, Field Operations. Decisions on any extensions by the Director, the LB&I Territory Manager, or the Tax Exempt Bonds Manager, Field Operations are final and may not be appealed.

Upon receipt, the field office will refer the taxpayer’s written statement, along with the field office’s statement of why the issue should not be referred to the Associate office for technical advice, to the Director, the LB&I Territory Manager, or the Tax Exempt Bonds Manager, Field Operations for decision. The Director, the LB&I Territory Manager, or the Tax Exempt Bonds Manager, Field Operations will determine whether the issue should be referred for technical advice on the basis of the statements of the field office and the taxpayer. No conference will be held with the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative. If the Director, the LB&I Territory Manager, or the Tax Exempt Bonds Manager, Field Operations determines that a TAM is not warranted, the taxpayer will be informed in writing of the proposed denial of the request and the reasons for the denial (unless doing so would prejudice the Government’s interests).

.04 The taxpayer may not appeal the decision of the Director, the LB&I Territory Manager, or the Tax Exempt Bonds Manager, Field Operations not to request a TAM. If the taxpayer does not agree with the proposed denial, all data on the issue for which a TAM has been sought, including the taxpayer’s written request and statements, will be submitted for review to the Director, LB&I; the Director, Examination, SB/SE; the Director, Specialty Tax, SB/SE; the Director, Compliance, W&I; the Director, Federal, State & Local Governments; the Director, Tax Exempt Bonds; the Director, Indian Tribal Governments; or the Appeals Director, Tax Policy and Procedure (Exam). Review of the proposed denial will be based solely on the written record. No conference will be held with the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative. The person responsible for review may consult with the Associate office, if appropriate, and will notify the field office whether the proposed denial of the taxpayer’s request is approved or denied within 45 days of receiving all information. The field office will then notify the taxpayer. While the matter is under review, the field office will suspend any final decision on the issue (except when the delay would prejudice the Government’s interests). If the request for technical advice has been denied because the issue is frivolous as described in 4.05 above, this review process is not available.

.01 A pre-submission conference helps the field office, field counsel, the taxpayer, and the Associate office agree on the appropriate scope of the request for technical advice and the factual information and documents that must be included in the request. A pre-submission conference is not an alternative procedure for addressing the merits of the substantive positions advanced by the field office or by the taxpayer. During the pre-submission conference, the parties should discuss the framing of the issues and the background information and documents that should be included in the formal submission of the request for technical advice.

.02 Pre-submission conferences include the taxpayer and representatives from the field office, field counsel, and the Associate office. These conferences are mandatory because they promote expeditious processing of requests for technical advice. If a request for technical advice is submitted without first holding a pre-submission conference, the Associate office will return the request for advice. Requests for technical advice can proceed even if a taxpayer declines to participate in a pre-submission conference.

.03 Before requesting a pre-submission conference, the field office and the taxpayer must exchange proposed statements of the pertinent facts and issues. The proposed statements should include any facts in dispute, the issues that the parties intend to discuss, any legal analysis and supporting authorities, and any other background information that the parties believe would facilitate the Associate office’s understanding of the issues to be discussed during the conference. Prior to the scheduled pre-submission conference, the field office and the taxpayer must submit to the Associate office their respective statements of pertinent facts and issues. The legal analysis provided in the parties’ statements should be sufficient to enable the Associate office to be reasonably informed about the subject matter. Failure of the taxpayer to provide a statement of pertinent issues and facts shall not be allowed to unduly delay the scheduling of the pre-submission conference. If it is not provided within a reasonable period of time, the conference may be scheduled without the statements.

The field office or the taxpayer must ensure that the Associate office receives a copy of any required power of attorney. Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative (Rev. March 2012), should be used. See Conference and Practice Requirements of the Statement of Procedural Rules (26 C.F.R. §§ 601.501-601.509 (2012)). The assigned branch of the Associate office must receive the pre-submission materials at least 10 business days before the conference is to be held.

.04 A request for a pre-submission conference must be submitted in writing by the field office, with the assistance of field counsel. The request should identify the Associate office expected to have jurisdiction over the request for a TAM and should include a brief explanation of the primary issue so that an assignment to the appropriate branch of an Associate office can be made. If the request is submitted by Appeals, field counsel assignments will be subject to the ex parte rules set forth in section 1001(a)(4) of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, Pub. L. No. 105–206, and Rev. Proc. 2012–18, 2012–10 I.R.B. 455. If the request involves an issue under the office of the Director, Abusive Tax Avoidance Transactions (ATAT) Examination, SB/SE, an issue under the office of the Director, Office of Tax Shelter Analysis (OTSA), LB&I, or an industry issue under the Office of Pre-Filing and Technical Guidance, LB&I, then the field office and field counsel should coordinate with the technical advisor and field counsel contact. If the request is from Appeals and involves a coordinated issue or emerging issue under the Appeals Domestic or International Operations or Appeals Coordinated Issue (ACI) Program, the Appeals officer must coordinate with the Appeals Domestic Operations or International Operations Technical Specialist.

.05 To obtain the protection of taxpayer information offered by the Chief Counsel Intranet firewall, the pre-submission materials must be electronically transmitted by field counsel to the Technical Services Support Branch (TSS4510). TSS4510 will ensure delivery of the pre-submission materials to the appropriate Associate office. The TSS4510 email box cannot accept encrypted mail.

If documents are not electronically available, or if documents cannot reasonably be transmitted electronically, the request may be sent by fax to TSS4510 at 202-317-6718. If the documents are sent by fax, the Director must also confirm the request in writing. Email or fax may be used to confirm the request. The Associate office will confirm receipt of the fax within one business day after receipt by the Associate office.

Copies of the taxpayer’s statement of deletions and power of attorney (Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative (Rev. March 2012)), should be transmitted by fax to the Associate office attorney assigned to the case.

The field office should send the original of the materials sent by fax, and any supporting materials, to the Associate office attorney assigned to the case by express mail or private delivery service in order to avoid any delays in regular mail.

.06 After the materials have been received, the branch of the Associate office responsible for conducting the pre-submission conference will contact the taxpayer, the field office, and field counsel to arrange a mutually convenient time for the parties to participate in the conference. The conference generally should be held within 15, but not more than 30, calendar days after the field office is contacted.

.07 Although pre-submission conferences are generally conducted by telephone, the parties may choose to conduct the conference in person.

.08 No tape, stenographic, or other verbatim recording of a conference may be made by any party.

.09 Any discussion of substantive issues at a pre-submission conference is advisory only, is not binding on the Service or on the Office of Chief Counsel, and cannot be relied upon as a basis for obtaining retroactive relief under the provisions of §7805(b).

.10 During the pre-submission conference, the Office of Chief Counsel may raise new issues in addition to those submitted by the field office and the taxpayer.

.01 Every request for technical advice must include a memorandum that describes the facts, issues, applicable law, and arguments supporting the taxpayer’s position on the issues and the field office’s position on the issues. The field office will prepare this statement with the assistance of field counsel. The memorandum must include a statement of all the facts and the issues. If the taxpayer and the field office disagree about ultimate findings of fact or about the relevance of facts, all of the facts should be included with an explanation that highlights the areas of disagreement. The memorandum must include an explanation of the taxpayer’s position. This explanation must include a discussion of any relevant statutory provisions, tax treaties, court decisions, regulations, revenue rulings, revenue procedures, notices, and any other authority supporting the taxpayer’s position. The memorandum must also include a similar explanation of the field office’s position. Both the field office and the taxpayer should comment on any existing or pending legislation, tax treaties, regulations, revenue rulings, revenue procedures, or court decisions contrary to their respective positions. If either party determines that there are no authorities contrary to its position, that statement should be noted in the memorandum. The field office submits the request for technical advice.

When the taxpayer initiates the request for technical advice, the taxpayer must submit a written statement that incorporates the information provided above and the reasons for requesting technical advice. When the Service initiates the request for technical advice, the field office should notify the taxpayer that the Service is requesting technical advice and provide the taxpayer with a copy of the arguments supporting the Service’s position. The taxpayer has 5 calendar days to state, in writing, any factual disagreement. The field office will make every effort to reach agreement on the facts and specific points at issue. The taxpayer is encouraged to submit a written statement with an explanation of the taxpayer’s position and a discussion of the statutory provisions that support the taxpayer’s position.

.02 If the subject matter of the request involves a transaction among multiple taxpayers, the Associate office may provide a single TAM, but only if each taxpayer agrees to participate in the process, including the furnishing of Forms 8821, or other written taxpayer consent.

.03 If applicable, the request for technical advice must include a copy of the relevant parts of all foreign laws, including statutes, regulations, administrative pronouncements, and any other relevant legal authority. This copy must be in the official language of the country involved and must be produced from an official publication of the foreign government or another widely available, generally accepted publication. If English is not the official language of the country involved, the submission must also include a copy of an English translation of the relevant parts of all foreign laws. The translation must be from an official publication of the foreign government or another widely available, generally accepted publication or from a certified English translation submitted in accordance with Section 7.03(2) of this revenue procedure. The taxpayer or the field office must identify the title and date of publication, including updates, of any widely available, generally accepted publication used by the taxpayer or its qualified translator as a source for the relevant parts of the foreign law. The taxpayer and the field office must inform the Associate office of the implications of any authority believed to interpret the foreign law, such as pending legislation, treaties, court decisions, notices, and administrative decisions.

(1) If the interpretation of a foreign law or foreign document is a material fact, the Associate office, at its discretion, may refuse to provide a TAM. This section applies whether or not the field office and the taxpayer dispute the interpretation of a foreign law or foreign document. The interpretation of a foreign law or foreign document means making a judgment about the import or effect of the foreign law or document that goes beyond its plain meaning.

(2) If applicable, a request for technical advice must include an accurate and complete certified English translation of the relevant parts of all contracts, wills, deeds, agreements, instruments, trust documents, proposed disclaimers, or other documents in a language other than English. If the taxpayer or the field office chooses to submit certified English translations of foreign laws, those translations are to be based on an official publication of the foreign government or another widely available, generally accepted publication. In either case, the translations must be that of a qualified translator and are to be attested to by the translator. The attestation must contain: (1) the attestant’s name and address; (2) a statement that the translation submitted is a true and accurate translation of the foreign language document or law; and (3) a statement about the attestant’s qualifications as a translator and that attestant’s qualifications and knowledge regarding tax matters or any foreign law translated if the law is not a tax law.

.04 A request for technical advice involving the interpretation of a substantive provision of a relevant income tax or estate tax treaty must include a written statement addressing whether: (1) the tax authority of the treaty jurisdiction has issued a ruling on the same or similar issue for the taxpayer, a related taxpayer (within the meaning of §267 or a member of an affiliated group of which the taxpayer is also a member within the meaning of §1504 (related taxpayer)), or any predecessor; (2) the same or similar issue for the taxpayer, a related taxpayer, or any predecessor, is being examined, or has been settled, by the tax authority of the treaty jurisdiction or is otherwise the subject of a closing agreement in that jurisdiction; and (3) the same or similar issue for the taxpayer, a related taxpayer, or any predecessor, is being considered by the competent authority of the treaty jurisdiction.

.05 Every request for technical advice must include a statement of proposed deletions from public inspection. The text of TAMs are open to public inspection under §6110(a). The Service deletes certain information from the text before it is made available to the public in order to protect the privacy of taxpayers. To help the Service make the necessary deletions, the taxpayer must provide a statement indicating the deletions desired. A taxpayer who wants only names, addresses, and identifying numbers deleted should state this in the deletion statement. A taxpayer who wants more information deleted must provide a copy of the TAM request and supporting documents on which the taxpayer has placed brackets around the material to be deleted plus a statement indicating the statutory basis under §6110(c) for each proposed deletion. The deletion statement must not appear in the memorandum described in Section 7.01 of this revenue procedure. Instead, the deletion statement is to be made in a separate document that is signed and dated by the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s authorized representative. A stamped signature or faxed signature is not permitted. If the deletion statement is not submitted, the taxpayer will be notified and advised by the field office that the statement is required. If the deletion statement is not received within 10 calendar days after the notification, the field office will use its best effort to provide the Associate office with an appropriate deletion statement. The taxpayer should follow this same process to propose deletions from any additional information submitted after the initial request for a TAM. An additional deletion statement is not required with each submission of additional information if the taxpayer’s initial deletion statement requests that only names, addresses, and identifying numbers are to be deleted and the taxpayer wants only the same information deleted from the additional information.

.06 The field office prepares the memorandum described in Section 7.01 of this revenue procedure with the assistance of field counsel and sends it to the taxpayer by mail or fax transmission. The taxpayer then will have 5 calendar days from the date of mailing or fax transmission to respond by providing a written statement specifying any disagreement on the facts and issues. A taxpayer who needs more than 5 calendar days must submit a written request for an extension of time, subject to the approval of the field office. The field office will make a determination on the request for extension as soon as reasonably possible. The request for extension will be considered denied unless the field office informs the taxpayer otherwise. The decision of the field office on whether to approve an extension, and the length of any extension granted, is final and may not be appealed. After the taxpayer’s response is received by the field office, the parties will have 10 calendar days to resolve remaining disagreements. If all disagreements about the statement of facts and issues are resolved, then the field office will prepare a single statement of those agreed facts and issues. If disagreements continue, both the taxpayer’s set of facts and issues and the field’s sets of facts and issues will be forwarded to the Associate office. The field office, with the assistance of field counsel, will prepare a memorandum for the Associate office highlighting the material factual differences, and provide a copy to the taxpayer for review. The taxpayer may respond in writing to the memorandum highlighting material factual differences. Examination may revise the memorandum described in Section 7.01 of this revenue procedure in response to the taxpayer’s comments. This memorandum will be forwarded with the initial request for technical advice. The taxpayer’s statement of facts and issues must be accompanied by the following declaration: “Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this information, including accompanying documents, and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the information contains all the relevant facts relating to the request for technical advice, and such facts are true, correct, and complete.” This declaration must be signed in accordance with the requirements in section 7.01(15)(b) of Rev. Proc. 2014–1. The field office must submit this declaration with the initial request for technical advice. If no agreement regarding the facts is reached, the Associate office may rely on the facts presented by the field office.

The field office will offer the taxpayer an opportunity to participate in the development of the TAM. If the taxpayer participates in the process, the field office will continue to offer the taxpayer the opportunity to participate. If the taxpayer does not participate in a material stage of the process after being offered an opportunity, the Associate office will nonetheless process the request, and the taxpayer will have waived the right to participate in the development and issuance of the TAM, including the right to the conference described in section 9. A taxpayer’s failure to participate in the development of the memorandum will be considered a failure to participate in a material stage of the TAM process.

Under no circumstances will a taxpayer be treated as having waived its right to see the issued TAM or having waived its rights regarding disclosure and deletions described in Section 10.

.07 The field counsel, with whom the TAM request was coordinated, must use Form 4463, Request for Technical Advice, for submitting a request for a TAM through TSS4510 to the Associate office. While the field office is responsible for preparing Form 4463, field counsel must submit the Form 4463 for a TAM request to the TSS4510 email address. To the extent feasible, the accompanying documents should also be submitted to the TSS4510 email address, followed by hard copy upon the request of the assigned branch of the Associate office.

.08 Field counsel should send additional or supporting documents that are not available in electronic form by fax to TSS4510 at 202-317-6718 or by express mail or private delivery service to the following address to avoid any delays in regular mail:

Whenever possible, all documents should contain the case number and name of the Associate office attorney assigned to the pre-submission conference for the TAM request.

The field office must indicate on the Form 4463 the proper mailing address of the Director to whom the Associate office should mail a copy of its reply to the TAM request under Section 10.06 of this revenue procedure.

.09 The field office must submit one paper copy of the request for a TAM to the address in Section 7.08 of this revenue procedure. If the TAM relates to a SB/SE, W&I, or TEGE taxpayer, the field office must send one paper copy to the Division Counsel of the operating division that has jurisdiction over the taxpayer’s tax return. If the TAM relates to a LB&I taxpayer, an electronic copy (no paper copy to follow) to “&LB&I HQ” email address should be sent. If the request is from an Appeals office, the field office must send an electronic copy (no paper copy to follow) to “*AP Tax Policy & Procedure” email address, with “Attention: TAM Coordinator” in the subject line.

.10 Any authorized representative, as described in section 7.01(13) of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, whether or not enrolled to practice, must comply with Treasury Department Circular No. 230 (31 C.F.R. part 10 (2012)) and with the Conference and Practice Requirements of the Statement of Procedural Rules (26 C.F.R. §§ 601.501–601.509 (2012)). Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative (Rev. March 2012), should be used. An original, a copy, or a fax transmission of the power of attorney is acceptable, if its authenticity is not reasonably disputed.

.11 After consultation with Appeals, the Service may send the taxpayer a letter (a letter from the 950 series, also known as a 30-day letter) notifying the taxpayer of the right to protest the proposed changes within 30 days of the date of the letter, while a request for technical advice is pending.

.01 After a request for technical advice has been received by the appropriate Associate office, it will be assigned to an Associate office attorney within a branch. The Associate office attorney determines whether the request meets all procedural requirements of sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this revenue procedure and whether it raises issues that may be appropriately addressed in a TAM.

.02 If the assigned reviewer in the Associate office determines that guidance other than a TAM should be provided, the reviewer will immediately notify the Associate Chief Counsel. This other form of guidance may be published guidance, generic advice, or case-specific advice. Although the reviewer should make this determination as soon as possible, it may be made at any time during the processing of the request for advice. To make this determination, the reviewer should consider whether the issue has a broad application to similarly situated taxpayers or an industry and whether resolution of the issue is important to a clear understanding of the tax laws. The Associate Chief Counsel, after consultation with Division Counsel Headquarters and the Operating Division, will decide whether to provide the TAM or issue guidance in another form. The Associate Chief Counsel may decide to provide the TAM as well as another type of guidance, if doing so would promote sound tax administration.

.03 Upon receipt of a request for technical advice, the Associate office attorney who is assigned as the primary attorney on the request should immediately contact the field office. The purpose of this contact is only to acknowledge receipt of the request. Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this section to the Associate office or Associate office attorney are to the Associate office and attorney with primary responsibility for the TAM request.

.04 Within 7 calendar days after assignment, the Associate office attorney will contact the field office and field counsel to discuss any deficiencies in the request and will work with the field office and field counsel to correct them. If the deficiencies cannot be corrected over the next 7 calendar days, the request will be closed and returned to the field office. The request may be resubmitted when the deficiencies are corrected.

If only minor procedural deficiencies exist, the Associate office attorney will request the additional information without returning the case. If substantial additional information is required to resolve an issue or if major procedural problems cannot be resolved, the Associate office attorney will inform the field office and field counsel that the request for technical advice will be returned. If a request is returned, the field office should promptly notify the taxpayer of that decision and the reasons for the decision.

.05 Within 21 calendar days of receipt, the Associate office attorney should contact the field office to discuss any procedural and substantive issues in the request. The Associate office attorney should also inform the field office about any matters referred to another Associate office or branch for assistance and provide points of contact for the other Associate offices or branches.

.06 If additional information is needed, the Associate office attorney will obtain that information from the taxpayer, the field office, the Director, or the Appeals Area Director in the most expeditious manner possible. Any additional information requested from the taxpayer by the Associate office must be submitted by letter, accompanied by a penalties of perjury statement that conforms with the penalties of perjury statement set forth in Section 7.06 of this revenue procedure, within 10 calendar days after the request for information is made. To facilitate prompt action, the Service and taxpayers are encouraged to exchange information by fax or express mail service whenever feasible. A taxpayer’s failure to submit the additional information requested is considered a failure to participate in a material stage of the TAM process and results in a waiver of the right to the conference discussed in Section 9.

.07 A taxpayer’s request for an extension of time to submit additional information must be made in writing and received by the Associate office within the 10-day period. It must provide compelling facts and circumstances to justify an extension. Only the Associate Chief Counsel of the primary office to which the case is assigned may determine whether to grant or deny the request for an extension. Except in rare and unusual circumstances, the Associate office will not agree to an extension of more than 10 calendar days beyond the end of the 10-day period. There is no right to appeal the denial of a request for an extension.

.08 Any additional information submitted by the taxpayer should be sent to the attention of the assigned Associate office attorney. Generally, only the original of the additional information is necessary. In appropriate cases, however, the Associate office may request additional copies of the information. The taxpayer must also send a copy of the additional information to the field office and field attorney for comment. Any comments by the field office or field attorney must be furnished within an agreed period of time to the Associate office with primary responsibility for the TAM request. If there are no comments, the Associate office attorney should be notified promptly. When the field office receives a copy of the additional information from the taxpayer, the field office must provide field counsel with a copy unless such copies have already been provided.

.09 The Associate office attorney will inform the field office and field counsel when all necessary substantive and procedural information has been received. If possible, the Associate office attorney will provide a tentative conclusion. If no tentative conclusion can be reached, the Associate office is encouraged to discuss the underlying complexities with the field office and field counsel. Because the Associate office attorney’s tentative conclusion may change during the preparation and review of the TAM, the tentative conclusion is not considered final. If the tentative conclusion is changed, the Associate office attorney will inform the field office and field counsel. Neither the Associate office, nor the field office or the field counsel, should discuss the tentative conclusion and its underlying rationale with the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative until the Associate office is ready to provide a TAM that agrees with the taxpayer’s position or is ready to hold an adverse conference. To afford taxpayers an appropriate opportunity to prepare and present their position at a conference of right, however, the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s representative is to be told (by the Associate office attorney) the tentative conclusion when scheduling the conference of right. Field counsel should be notified of, and given the opportunity to participate in, the notification to the taxpayer of the tentative conclusions and scheduling of the conference of right.

.01 If the Associate office proposes to provide a TAM that will be adverse to the taxpayer, and if the taxpayer has not waived its right to a conference, the taxpayer will be informed of the time and place of the conference.

.02 The conference for a TAM must occur within 10 calendar days after the taxpayer is informed that an adverse TAM is proposed. The Associate office will notify the field office and field counsel of the scheduled conference and will offer the field office and field counsel the opportunity to participate in the conference.

.03 Only an Associate Chief Counsel may approve an extension of the 10-day period for holding a conference. Although extensions are granted in appropriate circumstances at the discretion of the Associate Chief Counsel, taxpayers should not expect extensions to be routinely granted. The taxpayer must submit a request for an extension in writing to the Associate Chief Counsel of the primary office to which the case is assigned, and must immediately notify the field office and field counsel of the request. The request must contain a detailed justification for the extension and must be submitted sufficiently before the end of the 10-day period to allow the Associate Chief Counsel to consider, and either approve or deny, the request before the end of the 10-day period. If unusual circumstances near the end of the 10-day period make a timely written request impracticable, the taxpayer may orally inform the assigned Associate office attorney or reviewer before the end of the 10-day period about the need for an extension and then promptly submit the written request. The Associate office attorney will inform the taxpayer by telephone of the approval or denial of a requested extension. There is no right to appeal the denial of a request for extension.

.04 In general, a taxpayer who has not waived the right to a conference is entitled by right to only one conference with the Associate office. The conference is normally held at the branch level. A person who has authority to sign the transmittal memorandum in his or her own name, or on behalf of the branch chief, will participate. When more than one branch of an Associate office has taken an adverse position on issues in the request or when the position ultimately adopted by one branch will affect another branch’s determination, a representative from each branch with authority to sign in his or her own name, or for the branch chief, will participate in the conference. The conference is the conference of right for each subject discussed.

.05 After the conference of right, the Service will offer the taxpayer an additional conference of right only if an adverse holding is proposed on a new issue or on the same issue but on grounds different from those discussed at the first conference. If a tentative position is changed at a higher level with a result less favorable to the taxpayer, the taxpayer has no right to another conference if the grounds or arguments on which the change is based were discussed at the conference of right. The limitation on the number of conferences to which a taxpayer is entitled does not prevent the Associate office from inviting a taxpayer to participate in additional conferences if that office determines that additional conferences would be useful. These additional conferences are not to be offered routinely following an adverse decision.

.06 In order to ensure that the conference of right is productive, the taxpayer should make a reasonable effort to supply all information, documents, and arguments in writing well before the conference. Sometimes, however, it becomes apparent that new information may be helpful in resolving issues discussed at the conference. If the Associate office and the taxpayer agree that such information would be helpful, all such materials must be submitted and received within 10 calendar days after the conference. Any extension of the 10-day period must be requested by the taxpayer in writing and must be approved by the branch chief of the Associate office attorney. Extensions will not be routinely granted. Taxpayers have no right to submit additional materials after the conference, and are discouraged from providing additional copies or versions of materials already submitted. If the additional information is not received from the taxpayer within 10 calendar days plus any extensions granted by the branch chief, the TAM will be issued on the basis of the existing record.

The taxpayer must also send a copy of the additional information to the field office and field counsel for comment. If the additional information has a significant impact on the facts in the request, the Associate office will ask the field office and field counsel for comments, both of which will respond within the agreed upon period of time. If there are no comments, the Associate office attorney will be promptly notified.

.07 Conferences under this section are generally conducted in person, but may be conducted by telephone.

.08 At the conclusion of the conference, no commitment will be made about the conclusion that the Service will finally adopt for any issue, including the outcome of a request for relief under §7805(b).

.09 No tape, stenographic, or other verbatim recording of a conference may be made by any party.

.01 The Associate office attorney prepares replies to requests for technical advice in two parts. Each part identifies the taxpayer by name, address, identification number, and year or years involved. The first part of the reply is a transmittal memorandum (Form M–6000). If the transmittal memorandum provides information not in the TAM, or the case is returned for further development, the transmittal memorandum may be Chief Counsel Advice, as defined in §6110(i)(1), subject to public inspection under §6110. The second part is the TAM, which contains: (1) a statement of the issues; (2) the conclusions of the Associate office; (3) a statement of the facts pertinent to the issues; (4) a statement of the pertinent law, tax treaties, regulations, revenue rulings, and other precedents published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin, and court decisions; and (5) a discussion of the rationale supporting the conclusions reached by the Associate office. The conclusions give direct answers, whenever possible, to the specific issues raised by the field office. The Associate office is not bound by the issues as submitted by the taxpayer or by the field office and may reframe the issues to be answered in a TAM after consultation with the field office and field counsel. The discussion of the issues in a TAM will be in sufficient detail so that the field or Appeals officials will understand the reasoning underlying the conclusion.

.02 The taxpayer or the taxpayer’s authorized representative may obtain information on the status of the request by contacting the field office that requested the advice. The Associate office attorney or reviewer assigned to the TAM request will give frequent status updates to the field office and field counsel.

.03 Accompanying the TAM is a notice under §6110(f)(1) of intention to disclose a TAM, including a copy of the version proposed to be open to public inspection and notations of third party communications under §6110(d). Before the TAM is issued, the Associate office will inform the taxpayer in writing of the material likely to appear in the TAM that the taxpayer proposed for deletion but that the Service has determined should not be deleted. If so informed, the taxpayer may submit within 10 calendar days any further information or arguments supporting the taxpayer’s proposed deletions. The Service will attempt to resolve all disagreements about proposed deletions before the TAM is issued. The taxpayer does not have the right to a conference to resolve any disagreements about material to be deleted from the text of the TAM.

.04 The Associate office attorney will inform the field counsel regarding the Associate office’s final conclusions before the TAM is sent to the field office, or the Director, Tax Exempt Bonds. The field counsel will be offered a reasonable opportunity to review and informally discuss these conclusions before the final TAM is sent.

.05 After the field counsel is given a reasonable opportunity to review the Associate office’s final conclusions, the Associate office attorney will provide a draft of the proposed final version of the TAM to the field office and field counsel. If the field office or field counsel disagrees with the proposed final conclusions, normal reconciliation and reconsideration procedures will be followed to resolve the disagreement.

.06 A TAM is generally addressed to the field office that requested it. In the case of issues arising within the jurisdiction of the Director, Tax Exempt Bonds, the TAM is addressed to that Director with a copy sent to the field office and the field counsel attorney. A copy of the reply to a request from LB&I should be mailed simultaneously to the appropriate Industry Director. A reply to a request from Appeals should be addressed to the appropriate field office, and an electronic copy sent to the TAM Coordinator at the “*AP Tax Policy & Procedure” email address, with“Attention: TAM Coordinator”in the subject line.

.07 The Associate office will provide a copy of the final TAM to the individual field counsel attorney who assisted the field office in submitting the request and to that attorney’s Associate Area Counsel. The Associate office also will provide a copy of the final TAM to the Division Counsel for the operating division from which the request originated or that has jurisdiction over the particular matter in the TAM. The reply may be transmitted electronically if it is in .pdf format, or may be sent by mail or fax transmission.

.08 Requests for reconsideration may be submitted by the field office, or in the case of bonds under the jurisdiction of the Director of Tax Exempt Bonds, by that Director. Requests for reconsideration must describe with specificity the errors in the analysis and conclusions. Requests should focus on points that the TAM overlooked or misconstrued rather than simply re-argue points raised in the initial request. The Associate office will give priority consideration to the request and should act on the request as expeditiously as possible. The Associate office may request further submissions from the field or the taxpayer, but the parties should otherwise make no additional submissions. If a request for reconsideration fails to follow the procedures set forth in this section of this revenue procedure, or the request fails to raise issues or arguments different from those asserted in the initial request for technical advice, the Associate office may return the request for reconsideration without ruling on the request for reconsideration. The taxpayer is not entitled to be informed that a request for reconsideration is being considered.

.09 The Associate office will not discuss the specific contents of the TAM with the taxpayer until after the field office has given a copy of the TAM to the taxpayer.

.10 After a TAM is sent to the field or, for Tax Exempt Bonds, to the Director, Tax Exempt Bonds, the field or Director, adopts and issues the TAM within the meaning of Treas. Reg. §301.6110–2(h) and then gives the taxpayer a copy of the TAM, the notice of intention to disclose under §6110(f)(1), and a copy of the version proposed to be open to public inspection, which includes notations of third party communications under §6110. If a request for technical advice pertains to more than one taxpayer, the field or Director, Tax Exempt Bonds will provide each pertinent taxpayer with a copy of the TAM and will notify the Associate office when this occurs. The requirement to give a taxpayer a copy of the TAM does not apply to a TAM involving civil fraud or a criminal investigation, or to one involving a jeopardy or termination assessment.

.11 Generally, the Associate office considers only the deletion of material that the taxpayer has proposed for deletion or other deletions as required under §6110(c) before the TAM is sent to the Director. After receiving the notice of intention to disclose under §6110(f)(1), the taxpayer may protest the disclosure of certain information in it by submitting a written statement within 20 calendar days that identifies those deletions not made by the Service that the taxpayer believes should have been made. The taxpayer must also submit a copy of the version of the TAM proposed to be open to public inspection with brackets around the deletions proposed by the taxpayer that have not been made by the Associate office plus a statement indicating the statutory basis under §6110(c) for each proposed deletion. Within 20 calendar days after it receives the taxpayer’s response to the notice under §6110(f)(1), the Associate office must mail to the taxpayer its final administrative conclusion about the deletions to be made.

.12 The provisions of this section about referring issues upon the taxpayer’s request, telling the taxpayer about the referral of issues, giving the taxpayer a copy of the arguments submitted, submitting proposed deletions, granting conferences in the Associate office, or providing a copy of the TAM to the taxpayer do not apply to a TAM described in §6110(g)(5)(A), which involves any matter that is the subject of a civil fraud or criminal investigation, or that involves a jeopardy or termination assessment. In these cases, a copy of the TAM may be given to the taxpayer only after all proceedings in the investigations or assessments are complete, but before the Commissioner mails the notice of intention to disclose under §6110(f)(1). The taxpayer may then provide the statement of proposed deletions to the Associate office.

.01 Once a request for a TAM has been sent to the Associate office, only a Director may withdraw the request, and this must be done before the responding transmittal memorandum for the TAM is signed. To withdraw the request, the Director must first notify the taxpayer of the intent to withdraw unless: (1) the period of limitation on assessment is about to expire and the taxpayer has declined to give written consent to extend the period; or (2) the notification would be prejudicial to the best interests of the Government. If the taxpayer does not agree that the request should be withdrawn and wishes to request review of the decision, the procedures in Section 5.04 of this revenue procedure for review must be followed.

.02 Acknowledgment of the withdrawal of a request submitted by a Director or Appeals should be sent to the appropriate Director or Appeals office, with a copy to the TAM coordinator. For a withdrawal of a request submitted by Appeals, send an electronic copy to the “*AP Tax Policy & Procedure” email address, with “Attention: TAM Coordinator” in the subject line.

.03 If the Associate office determines that a TAM will not be provided, it may return the request for technical advice unanswered. This determination must be made on the basis of sound tax administration and must be approved by the Associate Chief Counsel. The decision not to provide a TAM should be an infrequent occurrence and be made only after consultation with field counsel and the requesting field office. If field counsel disagrees with this determination, they may request reconsideration through existing reconciliation procedures.

.04 If a request for technical advice is withdrawn or an Associate office decides not to provide a TAM, the Associate office may address the substantive issues through published guidance, such as a regulation or revenue ruling. The Associate office may, in the alternative, address the substantive issues through legal advice, either generic or case-specific. The decision to address the issues through these other forms of guidance will be based on the general standards for issuing those types of guidance.

.01 After a TAM is issued, the field office must process the taxpayer’s case on the basis of the conclusions in the TAM. In the case of a TAM unfavorable to the taxpayer, the Appeals Area Director may decide to settle the issue under existing settlement authority. If a TAM provides conclusions involving a §103 obligation and the issuer of this obligation, the field office must apply the conclusions to the issuer and any holder of the obligation, unless the holder also initiates a request for a TAM on the same issue addressed in the TAM involving the issuer, and the Associate office issues a TAM involving that issue and that holder.

.01 The holdings in a TAM are applied retroactively, whether they are initial holdings or they are later holdings that modify or revoke holdings in a prior TAM. The Associate Chief Counsel with jurisdiction over the TAM, however, may exercise the discretionary authority under §7805(b) to limit the retroactive effect of any holding. This authority is exercised in rare and unusual circumstances.

.02 A TAM may be used to seek revocation or modification of an earlier TAM or revocation or modification of a PLR. See Rev. Proc. 2014–1 §11.03 with respect to revocation or modification of PLRs. Generally, a TAM that revokes or modifies a letter ruling or an earlier TAM will not be applied retroactively if: (1) the applicable law has not changed; (2) the taxpayer directly involved in the letter ruling or earlier TAM relied in good faith on it; and (3) revocation or modification would be detrimental to the taxpayer. The new TAM will be applied retroactively to the taxpayer whose tax liability was directly involved in the letter ruling or TAM if: (1) controlling facts have been misstated or omitted; or (2) the facts at the time of the transaction are materially different from the controlling facts on which the letter ruling or earlier TAM was based. If a letter ruling or a TAM is modified or revoked with retroactive effect, the notice to the taxpayer, except in fraud cases, should set forth the grounds on which the modification or revocation is being made and the reason why the modification or revocation is being applied retroactively.

.03 If an issue addressed in the TAM relates to a continuing action or a series of actions, it is generally applied until it is withdrawn or until the conclusion is modified or revoked by a final decision in favor of the taxpayer with respect to that issue, the enactment of legislation, the ratification of a tax treaty, a decision of the United States Supreme Court, or the issuance of temporary regulations, final regulations, a revenue ruling, or other statement published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. Publication of a notice of proposed rulemaking does not affect the application of a TAM. If a new holding in a TAM is less favorable to the taxpayer than the holding in an earlier TAM, the new holding is generally not applied to the period when the taxpayer relied on the earlier holding. It will be applied to that period, however, if material facts on which the earlier TAM was based have changed.

.04 Under §6110(k)(3), a taxpayer may not rely on a TAM issued by the Service for another taxpayer. In addition, retroactive or non-retroactive treatment to one member of an industry directly involved in a letter ruling or TAM does not extend to another member of that same industry, and retroactive or non-retroactive treatment to one client of a tax practitioner does not extend to another client of that same practitioner.

.01 A taxpayer with respect to whom a TAM is issued or for whom a TAM request is pending may request that the appropriate Associate Chief Counsel limit the retroactive effect of any holding in the TAM or of any subsequent modification or revocation of the TAM. For a pending request for technical advice, the taxpayer should make the request for relief under §7805(b) as part of the initial request for advice. The Associate office will consider a request for relief under §7805(b) made at a later time if the Director determines that there is justification for the delay in the making of the request. The Director’s determination that the delayed request for §7805 is not justified cannot be appealed.

.02 During the course of an examination of a taxpayer’s return by the field office or during consideration of the taxpayer’s return by the Appeals Area Director, a taxpayer’s request to limit retroactivity must be made in the form of a request for a TAM. This includes recommendations by a Director that an earlier letter ruling or TAM be modified or revoked. The request must meet the general requirements of a request for technical advice. It must also: (1) state that it is being made under §7805(b); (2) state the relief sought; (3) explain the reasons and arguments in support of the relief sought; and (4) include any documents bearing on the request. The taxpayer’s request must be submitted to the Director, who should then forward the request to the Associate office for consideration. If taxpayer submits a request for relief after the initial TAM request, the taxpayer must provide justification for having delayed the request.

.03 A request for relief under §7805(b) must be made in the form of a request for a letter ruling if: (1) a TAM addressing a continuing transaction is modified or revoked by later published guidance; and (2) the request for relief is submitted before an examination has begun covering those years for which relief is sought. The requirements for a letter ruling request are given in Rev. Proc. 2014–1 (this Bulletin).

.04 When a request for a TAM concerns only the application of §7805(b), the taxpayer has the right to a conference with the Associate office in accordance with the provisions of Section 9 of this revenue procedure. If the request for application of §7805(b) is included in the request for a TAM on the substantive issues or is made before the conference of right on the substantive issues, the §7805(b) issues will be discussed at the taxpayer’s one conference of right. If the request for the application of §7805(b) is made as part of a pending TAM request after a conference has been held on the substantive issues and the Director determines that there is justification for having delayed the request, then the taxpayer will have the right to one conference of right concerning the application of §7805(b), with the conference limited to discussion of this issue only.

.05 When a TAM grants a taxpayer relief under §7805(b), the Director may not request reconsideration of the §7805(b) issue unless the Director determines there has been a misstatement or omission of controlling facts by the taxpayer in its request for §7805(b) relief.

.01 The purpose of this revenue procedure is to update Rev. Proc. 2013–3, 2013–1 I.R.B. 113, by providing a revised list of those areas of the Internal Revenue Code under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate), the Associate Chief Counsel (Financial Institutions and Products), the Associate Chief Counsel (Income Tax and Accounting), the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special Industries), the Associate Chief Counsel (Procedure and Administration), and the Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) relating to issues on which the Internal Revenue Service will not issue letter rulings or determination letters. For a list of areas under the jurisdiction of the Associate Chief Counsel (International) relating to international issues on which the Service will not issue letter rulings or determination letters, see Rev. Proc. 2014–7, this Bulletin. For a list of areas under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division relating to issues, plans, or plan amendments on which the Service will not issue letter rulings or determination letters, see, respectively, section 8 of Rev. Proc. 2014–4, this Bulletin, and section 3.02 of Rev. Proc. 2014–6, this Bulletin.

Additionally, this revenue procedure incorporates the relevant provisions of Rev. Proc. 2013–32, 2013-28 I.R.B. 55, concerning letter rulings addressing issues under §§ 332, 351, 355, 368, and 1036.

.02 Changes.

(1) Section 3.01(3), regarding § 45, has been modified.

(2) Section 3.01(4), regarding § 47, has been added.

(3) Section 3.01(33), regarding §§ 267, 304, 331, 332, 351, and 1502, has been added.

(4) Section 3.01(45), regarding §§ 332, 351, 355, 368, and 1036, has been modified to incorporate the relevant provisions of Rev. Proc. 2013–32, 2013–28 I.R.B. 55.

(5) Section 3.01(73), regarding § 1502, has been added.

(6) Section 3.02(8), regarding rescissions of completed transactions, has been added and old section 5.02(1) has been deleted.

(7) Section 3.02(10), regarding questions that the Service determines, in its discretion, should not be issued, has been modified.

(8) Section 4.01(12), regarding § 165, has been added.

(9) Old section 4.01(22), regarding §§ 302(b)(4) and (e), 331, 332, and 346, has been deleted. Significant issues arising in the context of these transactions may be addressed under the procedures described in section 3.01(45), below and section 6.03 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, this Bulletin.

(10) Section 4.01(41), regarding § 856, has been added.

(11) Section 4.01(43), regarding § 1031(f), has been added.

(12) Section 4.01(45), regarding § 1362 and Rev. Proc. 2013–30, 2013–36 I.R.B. 173, has been modified.

(13) Section 4.02(2), regarding rulings on part of an integrated transaction, has been modified to incorporate the relevant provisions of Rev. Proc. 2013–32.

(14) Section 4.02(9), regarding comfort rulings, has been modified to incorporate the relevant provisions of Rev. Proc. 2013–32.

(15) Section 4.02(11), regarding the treatment of “hook equity,” has been added.

(16) Section 5.01(26), regarding § 6109, has been added.

(17) Old section 5.02(2), regarding certain transfers of stock, money, or other property between a person and a corporation, has been redesignated as section 5.02.

(18) Section 6.06, regarding § 1362 and Rev. Proc. 2013–30, 2013–36 I.R.B. 173, has been modified.

.01 Background.

Whenever appropriate in the interest of sound tax administration, it is the policy of the Service to answer inquiries of individuals and organizations regarding their status for tax purposes and the tax effects of their acts or transactions, prior to the filing of returns or reports that are required by the revenue laws.

There are, however, certain areas in which, because of the inherently factual nature of the problems involved, or for other reasons, the Service will not issue rulings or determination letters. These areas are set forth in four sections of this revenue procedure. Section 3 reflects those areas in which rulings or determination letters will not be issued. Section 4 sets forth those areas in which rulings or determination letters will not ordinarily be issued. “Not ordinarily” means that unique and compelling reasons must be demonstrated to justify the issuance of a ruling or determination letter. Section 5 sets forth those areas in which the Service is temporarily not issuing rulings or determination letters because those matters are under study. Finally, section 6 of this revenue procedure lists specific areas in which the Service will not ordinarily issue rulings because the Service has provided automatic approval procedures for these matters.

See Rev. Proc. 2014–1, this Bulletin, particularly section 6 captioned “Under What Circumstances Does The Service Not Issue Letter Rulings Or Determination Letters?” for general instructions and other situations in which the Service will not or ordinarily will not issue letter rulings or determination letters.

With respect to the items listed, revenue rulings or revenue procedures may be published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin from time to time to provide general guidelines regarding the position of the Service.

Additions or deletions to this revenue procedure as well as restatements of items listed will be made by modification of this revenue procedure. Changes will be published as they occur throughout the year and will be incorporated annually in a new revenue procedure published as the third revenue procedure of the year. These lists should not be considered all-inclusive because the Service may decline to issue a letter ruling or a determination letter when appropriate in the interest of sound tax administration (including due to resource constraints) or on other grounds whenever warranted by the facts or circumstances of a particular case. Decisions not to rule on individual cases (as contrasted with those that present significant pattern issues) are not reported in this revenue procedure and will not be added to subsequent revisions.

If the Service determines that it is not in the interest of sound tax administration to issue a letter ruling or determination letter due to resource constraints, it will adopt a consistent approach with respect to taxpayers that request a ruling on the same issue. The Service will also consider adding the issue to the no rule list at the first opportunity. See section 6.02 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1.

.02 Scope of Application.

This revenue procedure does not preclude the submission of requests for technical advice to the National Office from other offices of the Service.

.03 No-Rule Issues Part of Integrated Transaction.

If it is impossible for the Service to determine the tax consequences of an integrated transaction without knowing the resolution of an issue on which the Service will not issue rulings or determination letters under this revenue procedure involving a part of the transaction or a related transaction, the taxpayer must state in the request to the best of the taxpayer’s knowledge and belief the tax consequences of the no-rule issue. The Service’s ruling or determination letter will state that the Service did not consider, and no opinion is expressed upon, that issue. In appropriate cases the Service may decline to issue rulings or determination letters on such integrated transactions due to the relevance of the no-rule issue, despite the taxpayer’s representation. See also section 4.02(2) of this revenue procedure.

.01 Specific Questions and Problems.

(1) Sections 38, 39, 46, and 48.—General Business Credit; Carryback and Carryforward of Unused Credits; Amount of Credit; Energy Credit.—Application of these sections if the formal ownership of property is in a party other than the taxpayer, except when title is held merely as security.

(2) Section 61.—Gross Income Defined.—Determination as to who is the true owner of property in cases involving the sale of securities, or participation interests therein, if the purchaser has the contractual right to cause the securities, or participation interests therein, to be purchased by either the seller or a third party.

(3) Sections 61 and 163.—Gross Income Defined; Interest.—Determinations as to who is the true owner of property or the true borrower of money in cases in which the formal ownership of the property, or the liability for the indebtedness, is in another party.

(4) Sections 83 and 451.—Property Transferred in Connection with Performance of Services; General Rule for Taxable Year of Inclusion.—When compensation is realized by a person who, in connection with the performance of services, is granted a nonstatutory option without a readily ascertainable fair market value to purchase stock at a price that is less than the fair market value of the stock on the date the option is granted.

(5) Section 103.—Interest on State and Local Bonds.—Whether the interest on state or local bonds will be excludible from gross income under § 103(a), if the proceeds of issues of bonds (other than advance refunding issues) are placed in escrow or otherwise not expended for a governmental purpose for an extended period of time even though the proceeds are invested at a yield that will not exceed the yield on the state or local bonds prior to their expenditure.

(6) Section 103.—Interest on State and Local Bonds.—Whether a state or local governmental obligation that does not meet the criteria of section 5 of Rev. Proc. 89–5, 1989–1 C.B. 774, is an “arbitrage bond” within the meaning of former § 103(c)(2) solely by reason of the investment of the bond proceeds in acquired nonpurpose obligations at a materially higher yield more than 3 years after issuance of the bonds or 5 years after issuance of the bonds in the case of construction issues described in former § 1.103–13(a)(2)(ii)(E) or § 1.148–2(e)(2)(ii).

(7) Section 141.—Private Activity Bond; Qualified Bond.—Whether state or local bonds will meet the ”private business use test” and the ”private security or payment test” under §141(b)(1) and (2) in situations in which the proceeds are used to finance certain output facilities and, pursuant to a contract to take, or take or pay for, a nongovernmental person purchases 30 percent or more of the actual output of the facility but 10 percent or less of the: (i) subparagraph (5) output of the facility as defined in § 1.103–7(b)(5)(ii)(b) (issued under former § 103(b)), or (ii) available output of the facility as defined in § 1.141–7(b)(1). In similar situations, the Service will not ordinarily issue rulings or determination letters concerning questions arising under paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of § 141(b).

(8) Sections 142 and 144(a).—Exempt Facility Bond; Qualified Small Issue Bond.—Whether an issue of private activity bonds meets the requirements of § 142 or § 144(a), if the sum of—

(9) Section 148.—Arbitrage.—Whether amounts received as proceeds from the sale of municipal bond financed property and pledged to the payment of debt service or pledged as collateral for the municipal bond issue are sinking fund proceeds within the meaning of former § 1.103-13(g) (issued under former § 103(c)) or replaced proceeds described in § 148(a)(2) (or former § 103(c)(2)(B)).

(10) Sections 162 and 262.—Trade or Business Expenses; Personal, Living, and Family Expenses.—Whether expenses are nondeductible commuting expenses, except for situations governed by Rev. Rul. 99–7, 1999–1 C.B. 361.

(11) Section 163.—See section 4.01(3), above.

(12) Section 165.—Losses.—Whether stock in a corporation has been abandoned.

(13) Section 167.—Depreciation.

(14) Sections 167 and 168.—Depreciation; Accelerated Cost Recovery System.—Application of those sections in which the formal ownership of property is in a party other than the taxpayer except when title is held merely as security.

(15) Section 170.—Charitable, Etc., Contributions and Gifts.—Whether a transfer to a pooled income fund described in § 642(c)(5) qualifies for a charitable contribution deduction under § 170(f)(2)(A).

(16) Section 170.—Charitable, Etc., Contributions and Gifts.—Whether a transfer to a charitable remainder trust described in § 664 that provides for annuity or unitrust payments for one or two measuring lives qualifies for a charitable deduction under § 170(f)(2)(A).

(17) Section 170.—Charitable, Etc., Contributions and Gifts.—Whether a taxpayer who transfers property to a charitable organization and thereafter leases back all or a portion of the transferred property may deduct the fair market value of the property transferred and leased back as a charitable contribution.

(18) Section 216.—Deduction of Taxes, Interest, and Business Depreciation by Cooperative Housing Corporation Tenant-Stockholder.—If a cooperative housing corporation (CHC), as defined in § 216(b)(1), transfers an interest in real property to a corporation (not a CHC) in exchange for stock or securities of the transferee corporation, which engages in commercial activity with respect to the real property interest transferred, whether (i) the income of the transferee corporation derived from the commercial activity, and (ii) any cash or property (attributable to the real property interest transferred) distributed by the transferee corporation to the CHC will be considered as gross income of the CHC for the purpose of determining whether 80 percent or more of the gross income of the CHC is derived from tenant-stockholders within the meaning of § 216(b)(1)(D).

(19) Section 262.—See section 4.01(10), above.

(20) Section 265(a)(2).—Interest.—Whether indebtedness is incurred or continued to purchase or carry obligations the interest on which is wholly exempt from the taxes imposed by subtitle A.

(21) Section 302.—Distributions in Redemption of Stock.—The tax effect of the redemption of stock for notes, when the payments on the notes are to be made over a period in excess of 15 years from the date of issuance of such notes.

(22) Section 302(b)(4) and (e).—Redemption from Noncorporate Shareholder in Partial Liquidation; Partial Liquidation Defined.—Whether a distribution will qualify as a distribution in partial liquidation under § 302(b)(4) and (e)(1)(A), unless it results in a 20 percent or greater reduction in (i) gross revenue, (ii) net fair market value of assets, and (iii) employees. (Partial liquidations that qualify as § 302(e)(2) business terminations are not subject to this provision.)

(23) Section 306.—Dispositions of Certain Stock.—Whether the distribution, disposition, or redemption of “section 306 stock” in a closely held corporation is in pursuance of a plan having as one of its principal purposes the avoidance of Federal income taxes within the meaning of § 306(b)(4).

(24) Sections 331 and 346(a).—Gain or Loss to Shareholders in Corporate Liquidations; Complete Liquidation.—The tax effect of the liquidation of a corporation by a series of distributions, when the distributions in liquidation are to be made over a period in excess of 3 years from the adoption of the plan of liquidation.

(25) Section 351.—Transfer to Corporation Controlled by Transferor.—Whether § 351 applies to the transfer of an interest in real property by a cooperative housing corporation (as described in § 216(b)(1)) to a corporation in exchange for stock or securities of the transferee corporation, if the transferee engages in commercial activity with respect to the real property interest transferred.

(26) Section 355.—Distribution of Stock and Securities of a Controlled Corporation.—Whether the active business requirement of § 355(b) is met when, within the 5-year period described in § 355(b)(2)(B), a distributing corporation acquired control of a controlled corporation as a result of the distributing corporation transferring cash or other liquid or inactive assets to the controlled corporation in a transaction in which gain or loss was not recognized as a result of the transfer meeting the requirements of § 351(a) or § 368(a)(1)(D).

(27) Section 355.—Distribution of Stock and Securities of a Controlled Corporation.—Any issue under § 355(e) other than whether a distribution and an acquisition are part of a plan (i.e., any non-plan issue). Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Service generally will rule on a non-plan issue or issues (e.g., whether a corporation constitutes a predecessor of distributing) if an adverse ruling on such non-plan issue or issues would result in there being a direct or indirect acquisition by one or more persons of stock representing a 50-percent or greater interest in the distributing corporation or the controlled corporation that is part of a plan under § 355(e).

(28) Section 441(i).—Taxable Year of Personal Service Corporations.—Whether the principal activity of the taxpayer during the testing period for the taxable year is the performance of personal services within the meaning of § 1.441–3(c)(1)(iii).

(29) Section 448(d)(2)(A).—Limitation on Use of Cash Method of Accounting; Qualified Personal Service Corporation.—Whether 95 percent or more of the time spent by employees of the corporation, serving in their capacity as such, is devoted to the performance of services within the meaning of § 1.448–1T(e)(4)(i).

(30) Section 451.—General Rule for Taxable Year of Inclusion.—The tax consequences of a nonqualified deferred compensation arrangement using a grantor trust if the trust fails to meet the requirements of Rev. Proc. 92–64, 1992–2 C.B. 422.

(31) Section 451.—General Rule for Taxable Year of Inclusion.—The income tax consequences as a result of being a beneficiary of a trust that an Indian tribe (as defined in 25 U.S.C. § 2703(5)) establishes to receive and invest per capita payments for its members who are minors or legal incompetents under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. §§ 2701 through 2721), if the trust meets the requirements of section 5.02 of Rev. Proc. 2011–56, 2011–49 I.R.B. 834.

(32) Section 451.—See section 4.01(4), above.

(33) Section 584.—Common Trust Funds.—Whether a common trust fund plan meets the requirements of § 584. (For § 584 plan drafting guidance, see Rev. Proc. 92–51, 1992–1 C.B. 988.)

(34) Section 642.—Special Rules for Credits and Deductions.—Whether a pooled income fund satisfies the requirements described in § 642(c)(5).

(35) Section 664.—Charitable Remainder Trusts.—Whether a charitable remainder trust that provides for annuity or unitrust payments for one or two measuring lives or for annuity or unitrust payments for a term of years satisfies the requirements described in § 664.

(36) Section 664.—Charitable Remainder Trusts.—Whether a trust that will calculate the unitrust amount under § 664(d)(3) qualifies as a § 664 charitable remainder trust when a grantor, a trustee, a beneficiary, or a person related or subordinate to a grantor, a trustee, or a beneficiary can control the timing of the trust’s receipt of trust income from a partnership or a deferred annuity contract to take advantage of the difference between trust income under § 643(b) and income for Federal income tax purposes for the benefit of the unitrust recipient.

(37) Section 664.—Charitable Remainder Trusts.—Whether the termination of a charitable remainder trust before the end of the trust term as defined in the trust’s governing instrument, in a transaction in which the trust beneficiaries receive their actuarial shares of the value of the trust assets, causes the trust to have ceased to qualify as a charitable remainder trust within the meaning of § 664.

(38) Sections 671 to 679.—Grantors and Others Treated as Substantial Owners.—In a nonqualified, unfunded deferred compensation arrangement described in Rev. Proc. 92–64, 1992–2 C.B. 422, the tax consequences of the use of a trust, other than the model trust described in that revenue procedure.

(39) Sections 671 to 679.—Grantors and Others Treated as Substantial Owners.—Whether an Indian tribe (as defined in 25 U.S.C. § 2703(5)) that establishes a trust to receive and invest per capita payments for its members who are minors or legal incompetents under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. §§ 2701-2721) is the grantor and owner of the trust, if the trust meets the requirements of section 5.02 of Rev. Proc. 2011–56, 2011–49 I.R.B. 834.

(40) Section 678.—Person Other than Grantor Treated as Substantial Owner.— Whether a person will be treated as the owner of any portion of a trust over which that person has a power to withdraw the trust property (or had such power prior to a release or modification, but retains other powers which would cause that person to be the owner of the trust under § 671 if the person were the grantor), other than a power which would constitute a general power of appointment within the meaning of § 2041, if the trust purchases the property from that person with a note and the value of the assets with which the trust was funded by the grantor is nominal compared to the value of the property purchased.

(41) Section 856.—Definition of Real Estate Investment Trust.—Whether an outdoor advertising display constitutes real property for purposes of § 856. However, if the real estate investment trust has made an election under §1.1033(g)–1(b), the Service may rule on whether an asset that is not within the scope of the election, but is related to the outdoor advertising display, constitutes real property for purposes of § 856.

(42) Section 1001.—Determination of Amount of and Recognition of Gain or Loss.—Whether the termination of a charitable remainder trust before the end of the trust term as defined in the trust’s governing instrument, in a transaction in which the trust beneficiaries receive their actuarial shares of the value of the trust assets, is treated as a sale or other disposition by the beneficiaries of their interests in the trust.

(43) Section 1031(f).—Special Rules for Exchanges Between Related Persons.—Except in the case of (i) a transaction involving an exchange of undivided interests in different properties that results in each taxpayer holding either the entire interest in a single property or a larger undivided interest in any of the properties or (ii) a disposition of property in a nonrecognition transaction, whether an exchange described in § 1031(f) involving related parties, or a subsequent disposition of property involved in the exchange, has as one of its principal purposes the avoidance of Federal income tax, or is part of a transaction (or series of transactions) structured to avoid the purposes of § 1031(f).

(44) Section 1221.—Capital Asset Defined.—Whether the termination of a charitable remainder trust before the end of the trust term as defined in the trust’s governing instrument, in a transaction in which the trust beneficiaries receive their actuarial shares of the value of the trust assets, is treated as a sale or exchange of a capital asset by the beneficiaries.

(45) Section 1362.—Election; Revocation; Termination.—All situations in which the Service has provided an automatic approval procedure or administrative procedure for an S corporation to obtain relief for late S corporation, qualified subchapter S subsidiary, qualified subchapter S trust, or electing small business trust elections. See Rev. Proc. 2013–30, 2013–36 I.R.B. 173. (For instructions on how to seek this relief, see the preceding revenue procedure.)

(46) Section 1502.—Regulations.—Whether a parent cooperative housing corporation (as defined in § 216(b)(1)) will be permitted to file a consolidated income tax return with its transferee subsidiary, if the transferee engages in commercial activity with respect to the real property interest transferred to it by the parent.

(47) Sections 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, and 2042.—Adjustments for Certain Gifts Made Within Three Years of Decedent’s Death; Transfers with Retained Life Estate; Transfers Taking Effect at Death; Revocable Transfers; Proceeds of Life Insurance.—Whether trust assets are includible in a trust beneficiary’s gross estate under § 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, or 2042 if the beneficiary sells property (including insurance policies) to the trust or dies within 3 years of selling such property to the trust, and (i) the beneficiary has a power to withdraw the trust property (or had such power prior to a release or modification, but retains other powers which would cause that person to be the owner if the person were the grantor), other than a power which would constitute a general power of appointment within the meaning of § 2041, (ii) the trust purchases the property with a note, and (iii) the value of the assets with which the trust was funded by the grantor is nominal compared to the value of the property purchased.

(48) Section 2036.— See section 4.01(47), above.

(49) Section 2037.— See section 4.01(47), above.

(50) Section 2038.— See section 4.01(47), above.

(51) Section 2042.— See section 4.01(47), above.

(52) Section 2055.—Transfers for Public, Charitable, and Religious Uses.—Whether a transfer to a pooled income fund described in § 642(c)(5) qualifies for a charitable deduction under § 2055(e)(2)(A).

(53) Section 2055.—Transfers for Public, Charitable, and Religious Uses.—Whether a transfer to a charitable remainder trust described in § 664 that provides for annuity or unitrust payments for one or two measuring lives or a term of years qualifies for a charitable deduction under § 2055(e)(2)(A).

(54) Section 2501.—Imposition of Tax.—Whether the sale of property (including insurance policies) to a trust by a trust beneficiary will be treated as a gift for purposes of § 2501 if (i) the beneficiary has a power to withdraw the trust property (or had such power prior to a release or modification, but retains other powers which would cause that person to be the owner if the person were the grantor), other than a power which would constitute a general power of appointment within the meaning of § 2041, (ii) the trust purchases the property with a note, and (iii) the value of the assets with which the trust was funded by the grantor is nominal compared to the value of the property purchased.

(55) Section 2503.—Taxable Gifts.—Whether the transfer of property to a trust will be a gift of a present interest in property when (i) the trust corpus consists or will consist substantially of insurance policies on the life of the grantor or the grantor’s spouse, (ii) the trustee or any other person has a power to apply the trust’s income or corpus to the payment of premiums on policies of insurance on the life of the grantor or the grantor’s spouse, (iii) the trustee or any other person has a power to use the trust’s assets to make loans to the grantor’s estate or to purchase assets from the grantor’s estate, (iv) the trust beneficiaries have the power to withdraw, on demand, any additional transfers made to the trust, and (v) there is a right or power in any person that would cause the grantor to be treated as the owner of all or a portion of the trust under §§ 673 to 677.

(56) Section 2514.—Powers of Appointment.—If the beneficiaries of a trust permit a power of withdrawal to lapse, whether § 2514(e) will be applicable to each beneficiary in regard to the power when (i) the trust corpus consists or will consist substantially of insurance policies on the life of the grantor or the grantor’s spouse, (ii) the trustee or any other person has a power to apply the trust’s income or corpus to the payment of premiums on policies of insurance on the life of the grantor or the grantor’s spouse, (iii) the trustee or any other person has a power to use the trust’s assets to make loans to the grantor’s estate or to purchase assets from the grantor’s estate, (iv) the trust beneficiaries have the power to withdraw, on demand, any additional transfers made to the trust, and (v) there is a right or power in any person that would cause the grantor to be treated as the owner of all or a portion of the trust under §§ 673 to 677.

(57) Section 2522.—Charitable and Similar Gifts.—Whether a transfer to a pooled income fund described in § 642(c)(5) qualifies for a charitable deduction under § 2522(c)(2)(A).

(58) Section 2522.—Charitable and Similar Gifts.—Whether a transfer to a charitable remainder trust described in § 664 that provides for annuity or unitrust payments for one or two measuring lives or a term of years qualifies for a charitable deduction under § 2522(c)(2)(A).

(59) Section 2601.—Tax Imposed.—Whether a trust that is exempt from the application of the generation-skipping transfer tax because it was irrevocable on September 25, 1985, will lose its exempt status if the situs of the trust is changed from the United States to a situs outside of the United States.

(60) Section 2702.—Special Valuation Rules in Case of Transfers of Interests in Trusts.—Whether annuity interests are qualified annuity interests under § 2702 if the amount of the annuity payable annually is more than 50 percent of the initial net fair market value of the property transferred to the trust, or if the value of the remainder interest is less than 10 percent of the initial net fair market value of the property transferred to the trust. For purposes of the 10 percent test, the value of the remainder interest is the present value determined under § 7520 of the right to receive the trust corpus at the expiration of the term of the trust. The possibility that the grantor may die prior to the expiration of the specified term is not taken into account, nor is the value of any reversion retained by the grantor or the grantor’s estate.

(61) Section 2702.—Special Valuation Rules in Case of Transfers of Interests in Trusts.—Whether a trust with one term holder satisfies the requirements of § 2702(a)(3)(A) and § 25.2702–5(c) to be a qualified personal residence trust.

(62) Section 2702.—Special Valuation Rules in Case of Transfers of Interests in Trusts.—Whether the sale of property (including insurance policies) to a trust by a trust beneficiary is subject to § 2702 if (i) the beneficiary has a power to withdraw the trust property (or had such power prior to a release or modification, but retains other powers which would cause that person to be the owner if the person were the grantor), other than a power which would constitute a general power of appointment within the meaning of § 2041, (ii) the trust purchases the property with a note, and (iii) the value of the assets with which the trust was funded by the grantor is nominal compared to the value of the property purchased.

(63) Section 3121.—Definitions.—Determinations as to which of two entities, under common law rules applicable in determining the employer-employee relationship, is the employer, when one entity is treating the worker as an employee.

.02 General Areas.

(1) Any matter in which the determination requested is primarily one of fact, e.g., market value of property, or whether an interest in a corporation is to be treated as stock or indebtedness. Although it is generally inappropriate for the Service to issue a letter ruling on whether an interest in a corporation is stock or indebtedness, there may be instances in which the Service may issue a letter ruling. For example, the Service may issue a letter ruling with respect to an instrument issued by a domestic corporation if (i) the taxpayer believes that the facts strongly support the classification of the instrument as stock and (ii) the taxpayer can demonstrate that there are unique and compelling reasons to justify the issuance of a letter ruling. Before preparing the letter ruling request, a taxpayer should call the Office of the Associate Chief Counsel having jurisdiction for the matters on which the taxpayer is seeking a letter ruling to discuss whether the Service will consider issuing a letter ruling for a particular factual situation. To determine which associate office has jurisdiction over a particular issue see section 3 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, this Bulletin. For a list of telephone numbers for the different associate offices, see section 10.07 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1.

(2) Situations in which the requested ruling deals with only part of an integrated transaction. Generally, a letter ruling will not be issued on only part of an integrated transaction. If, however, a part of a transaction falls under a no-rule area, a letter ruling on other parts of the transaction may be issued. Before preparing the letter ruling request, a taxpayer should call the Office of the Associate Chief Counsel having jurisdiction for the matters on which the taxpayer is seeking a letter ruling to discuss whether a letter ruling will be issued on part of the transaction. To determine which associate office has jurisdiction over a particular issue, see section 3 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, this Bulletin. For a list of telephone numbers for the different associate offices, see section 10.07 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1.

Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, in connection with transactions described in § 332, 351, 355, or 1036 and reorganizations within the meaning of § 368, the Associate Chief Counsel (Corporate) may issue a letter ruling on part of an integrated transaction if and to the extent that the transaction presents a significant issue (within the meaning of section 3.01(45)). See section 6.03 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1.

(3) Situations in which two or more items or sub-methods of accounting are interrelated. If two or more items or sub-methods of accounting are interrelated, ordinarily a letter ruling will not be issued on a change in accounting method involving only one of the items or sub-methods.

(4) The tax effect of any transaction to be consummated at some indefinite future time.

(5) Any matter dealing with the question of whether property is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.

(6) The tax effect of a transaction if any part of the transaction is involved in litigation among the parties affected by the transaction, except for transactions involving bankruptcy reorganizations.

(7) (a) Situations in which the taxpayer or a related party is domiciled or organized in a foreign jurisdiction with which the United States does not have an effective mechanism for obtaining tax information with respect to civil tax examinations and criminal tax investigations, which would preclude the Service from obtaining information located in such jurisdiction that is relevant to the analysis or examination of the tax issues involved in the ruling request.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) above shall not apply if the taxpayer or affected related party (i) consents to the disclosure of all relevant information requested by the Service in processing the ruling request or in the course of an examination in order to verify the accuracy of the representations made and to otherwise analyze or examine the tax issues involved in the ruling request, and (ii) waives all claims to protection of bank or commercial secrecy laws in the foreign jurisdiction with respect to the information requested by the Service. In the event the taxpayer’s or related party’s consent to disclose relevant information or to waive protection of bank or commercial secrecy is determined by the Service to be ineffective or of no force and effect, then the Service may retroactively rescind any ruling rendered in reliance on such consent.

(8) A matter involving the Federal tax consequences of any proposed Federal, state, local, municipal, or foreign legislation. The Service may provide general information in response to an inquiry. However, the Office of Division Counsel/Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt and Government Entities) may issue letter rulings regarding the effect of proposed state, local, or municipal legislation upon an eligible deferred compensation plan under § 457(b) provided that the letter ruling request relating to the plan complies with the other requirements of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, this Bulletin.

(9) A letter ruling will not be issued with respect to an issue that is clearly and adequately addressed by statute, regulations, decision of a court, revenue rulings, revenue procedures, notices, or other authority published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin (Comfort Ruling). However, except with respect to issues under §§ 332, 351, 355, 368, and 1036 and the tax consequences resulting from the application of such Code sections (see generally section 6.03 of Rev. Proc. 2014–1, this Bulletin), an Associate office may in its discretion issue a Comfort Ruling if the Associate office is otherwise ruling on another issue arising in the same transaction.

(10) Whether an amount received (in periodic payments or as a lump sum) in connection with a legal action or a settlement of a legal action is properly allocated (including an allocation of all payments to one category) to recovery of capital, compensatory damages, punitive damages, dividends, interest, back pay, etc., for Federal tax purposes.

(11) The treatment or effects of hook equity, including as a result of its issuance, ownership, or redemption. This paragraph ordinarily shall not apply if (i) an interest’s status as hook equity is only transitory, such as in a triangular reorganization, or (ii) the treatment of the hook equity is not relevant to the treatment of the overall transaction and issue presented. For this purpose, “hook equity” means an ownership interest in a business entity (such as stock in a corporation) that is held by another business entity in which at least 50 percent of the interests (by vote or value) in such latter entity are held directly or indirectly by the former entity. However, if an entity directly or indirectly owns all of the equity interests in another entity, the equity interests in the latter entity are not hook equity.

.01 The Service provides guidance in the form of letter rulings, closing agreements, compliance statements, determination letters, opinion letters, advisory letters, information letters, revenue rulings, and oral advice.

.02 A “letter ruling” is a written statement issued to a taxpayer by the Service’s Employee Plans Technical office or Exempt Organizations Technical office that interprets and applies the tax laws or any nontax laws applicable to employee benefit plans and exempt organizations to the taxpayer’s specific set of facts. Once issued, a letter ruling may be revoked or modified for any number of reasons, as explained in section 13 of this revenue procedure, unless it is accompanied by a “closing agreement.”

.03 A “closing agreement” is a final agreement between the Service and a taxpayer on a specific issue or liability. It is entered into under the authority in § 7121 and is final unless fraud, malfeasance, or misrepresentation of a material fact can be shown.

A closing agreement prepared in an office under the responsibility of the Commissioner, TE/GE, may be based on a ruling that has been signed by the Commissioner, TE/GE, or the Commissioner, TE/GE’s delegate that says that a closing agreement will be entered into on the basis of the ruling letter.

A closing agreement may be entered into when it is advantageous to have the matter permanently and conclusively closed, or when a taxpayer can show that there are good reasons for an agreement and that making the agreement will not prejudice the interests of the Government. In appropriate cases, taxpayers may be asked to enter into a closing agreement as a condition to the issuance of a letter ruling.

If, in a single case, a closing agreement is requested for each person in a class of taxpayers, separate agreements are entered into only if the class consists of 25 or fewer taxpayers. However, if the issue and holding are identical for the class and there are more than 25 taxpayers in the class, a “mass closing agreement” will be entered into with the taxpayer who is authorized by the others to represent the class.

In appropriate cases, a closing agreement may be made with sponsors of master and prototype plans.

A closing agreement may also be entered into with respect to retirement plan failures corrected under the Audit Closing Agreement Program of the Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS), as set forth in Rev. Proc. 2013–12, 2013–4 I.R.B. 313, as updated.

.04 A “determination letter” is a written statement issued to a taxpayer by the Service’s EO Determinations or EP Determinations office that applies the principles and precedents previously announced to a specific set of facts. It is issued only when a determination can be made based on clearly established rules in the statute, a tax treaty, or the regulations, or based on a conclusion in a revenue ruling, opinion, or court decision published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin that specifically answers the questions presented.

The Manager, EP Determinations, issues determination letters involving §§ 401, 403(a), 409, and 4975(e)(7) as provided in Rev. Proc. 2014–6, page , this Bulletin.

.05 An “opinion letter” is a written statement issued by the Service to a sponsor or M&P mass submitter as to the acceptability of the form of an M&P plan under § 401(a) or § 403(a), and, in the case of a master plan, the acceptability of the master trust under § 501(a), or as to the conformance of a prototype trust, custodial account, or individual annuity with the requirements of § 408(a), (b), (k) or (p) or 408A, as applicable. An opinion letter will also be issued as to the acceptability of the form of a prototype plan under § 403(b). See Rev. Proc. 2011–49, 2011–44 I.R.B. 608, and Rev. Proc. 2013–22, 2013–18 I.R.B. 985. See also Rev. Proc. 87–50, 1987–2 C.B. 647; Rev. Proc. 91–44, 1991–2 C.B. 733; Rev. Proc. 92–38, 1992–1 C.B. 859; Rev. Proc. 97–29, 1997–1 C.B. 689; Rev. Proc. 98–59, 1998–2 C.B. 727; Rev. Proc. 2002–10, 2002–1 C.B. 401, Rev. Proc. 2010–48, 2010–50, I.R.B. 828, as modified by Rev. Proc. 2014–8, page , this Bulletin.

.06 An “information letter” is a statement issued either by the Director, Employee Plans Rulings and Agreements or the Director, Exempt Organizations Rulings and Agreements. It calls attention to a well-established interpretation or principle of tax law (including a tax treaty) without applying it to a specific set of facts. To the extent resources permit, an information letter may be issued if the taxpayer’s inquiry indicates a need for general information or if the taxpayer’s request does not meet the requirements of this revenue procedure and the Service thinks general information will help the taxpayer. The taxpayer should provide a daytime telephone number with the taxpayer’s request for an information letter. Requests for information letters should be sent to the address stated in section 9.04(2) of this revenue procedure. The requirements of section 9.02 of this revenue procedure are not applicable to information letters. An information letter is advisory only and has no binding effect on the Service.

.07 A “revenue ruling” is an interpretation by the Service that has been published in the Internal Revenue Bulletin. It is the conclusion of the Service on how the law is applied to a specific set of facts. Revenue rulings are published for the information and guidance of taxpayers, Service personnel, and other interested parties.

Because each revenue ruling represents the conclusion of the Service regarding the application of law to the entire statement of facts involved, taxpayers, Service personnel, and other concerned parties are cautioned against reaching the same conclusion in other cases unless the facts and circumstances are substantially the same. They should consider the effect of subsequent legislation, regulations, court decisions, revenue rulings, notices, and announcements. See Rev. Proc. 89–14, 1989–1 C.B. 814, as amended by Announcement 89–36, 1989–11 I.R.B. 32, which states the objectives of and standards for the publication of revenue rulings and revenue procedures in the Internal Revenue Bulletin.

.08 Oral guidance is advisory only, and the Service is not bound to recognize it.

.09 In order to receive approval to act as a nonbank custodian of plans qualified under § 401(a) or accounts described in § 403(b)(7), and as a nonbank trustee or nonbank custodian for individual retirement arrangements (IRAs) established under § 408(a), (b), or (h), or for a Coverdell educational savings account established under § 530, or an Archer medical savings account established under § 220, or a Health Savings Account under § 223, a written application must be filed that demonstrates how the applicant complies with the requirements of § 1.408-2(e)(2) through (5) of the Income Tax Regulations.

The Service must have clear and convincing proof in its files that the requirements of the regulations are met. If there is a requirement that the applicant feels is not applicable, the application must provide clear and convincing proof that such requirement is not germane to the manner in which the applicant will administer any trust or custodial account. See § 1.408-2(e)(6).

The completed application should be sent to:

Internal Revenue Service
Commissioner, TE/GE
Attention: SE:T:EP:RA
P.O. Box 27063
McPherson Station
xWashington, DC 20038

Section 6.01(10) of Rev. Proc. 2014–8 imposes a user fee for anyone applying for approval to become a nonbank trustee or custodian.

.10 A “compliance statement” is a binding written agreement between the Service and a taxpayer with respect to certain retirement plan failures identified by a taxpayer in a voluntary submission under the Voluntary Correction Program of the EPCRS (see Rev. Proc. 2013–12, as updated). The compliance statement addresses the failures identified in the VCP submission, the terms of correction, including any revision of administrative procedures, and the time period within which proposed corrections must be implemented. A compliance statement is conditioned on (i) there being no misstatement or omission of material facts in connection with the submission, and (ii) the implementation of the specific corrections and satisfaction of any other conditions in the compliance statement. See Rev. Proc. 2013–12, as updated.

.11 An “advisory letter” is a written statement issued by the Service to a VS practitioner or VS mass submitter as to the acceptability of the form of a specimen plan and any related trust or custodial account under § 401(a) or § 403(a), or the form of a specimen plan under § 403(b). See Rev. Proc. 2011–49, 2011–44 I.R.B. 608, and Rev. Proc. 2013–22, 2013–18 I.R.B. 985.