E-filing returns.

The Taxpayer First Act of 2019 authorized the Department of the Treasury and the IRS to issue regulations that reduce the 250-return e-file threshold. T.D. 9972, published February 23, 2023, lowered the e-file threshold to 10 (calculated by aggregating all information returns), effective for information returns required to be filed on or after January 1, 2024. Go to IRS.gov/InfoReturn for e-file options.

Information Reporting Intake System (IRIS).

The IRS has developed IRIS, an online portal that allows taxpayers to electronically file (e-file) information returns after December 31, 2022, for 2022 and later tax years. IRIS is a free service. See part F or go to IRS.gov/IRIS for additional information and updates.

Where to send extension of time to furnish statements to recipients.

An extension of time to furnish the statements is now a fax-only submission. See Extension of time to furnish statements to recipients , later, for more information.

Due date for certain statements sent to recipients.

The due date for furnishing statements to recipients for Forms 1099-B, 1099-S, and 1099-MISC (if amounts are reported in boxes 8 or 10) is February 17, 2025. This also applies to statements furnished as part of a consolidated reporting statement. See the Guide to Information Returns for due dates for all returns.

E-file.

E-filers are reminded that using the FIRE System requires following the specifications contained in Pub. 1220. IRIS users should follow the specifications in Pub. 5717, IRIS Taxpayer Portal User Guide. Also, the IRS does not provide a fill-in form option for most forms required to be filed with the IRS covered by these instructions; however, see Online fillable forms in part E, later. See part F for information on e-file.

Online fillable forms Copies 1, B, 2, C, and D.

Copies 1, B, 2, C, and D, as applicable, to be furnished to recipients and kept in filers’ records, have been made fillable online at IRS.gov for many forms referenced in these instructions. See the separate instructions for Forms 1098, 1098-E&T, 1098-F, 1098-Q, 1099-A&C, 1099-B, 1099-DIV, 1099-G, 1099-INT&OID, 1099-K, 1099-LS, 1099-MISC&NEC, 1099-PATR, 1099-R&5498, 1099-S, 1099-SB, and 3921.

Payee.

Throughout these instructions, the term “payee” means the person with respect to whom Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, or W-2G are required to be filed, including beneficiaries, borrowers, debtors, donors, employees, insureds, participants, payment or credit recipients, policyholders, sellers, shareholders, students, transferors, and winners.

Nominee/middleman returns.

Generally, if you receive a Form 1099 for amounts that actually belong to another person, you are considered a nominee recipient. You must file a Form 1099 with the IRS (the same type of Form 1099 you received) for each of the other owners showing the amounts allocable to each. You must also furnish a Form 1099 to each of the other owners. File the new Form 1099 with Form 1096 with the IRS Submission Processing Center for your area. On each new Form 1099, list yourself as the “payer” and the other owner as the “recipient.” On Form 1096, list yourself as the “Filer.” A spouse is not required to file a nominee return to show amounts owned by the other spouse. The nominee, not the original payer, is responsible for filing the subsequent Forms 1099 to show the amount allocable to each owner.

Successor/predecessor reporting.

A successor business entity (a corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship) and a predecessor business entity (a corporation, partnership, or sole proprietorship) may agree that the successor will assume all or some of the predecessor's information reporting responsibilities. This would permit the successor to file one Form 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, or W-2G for each recipient combining the predecessor's and successor's reportable amounts, including any withholding. If they so agree and the successor satisfies the predecessor's obligations and the conditions described on this page, the predecessor does not have to file the specified information returns for the acquisition year. If the successor and predecessor do not agree, or if the requirements described are not met, the predecessor and the successor each must file Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, and W-2G for their own reportable amounts as they usually would. For more information and the rules that apply to filing combined Forms 1042-S, see Rev. Proc. 99-50, which is available on page 757 of Internal Revenue Bulletin 1999-52 at IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb99-52.pdf.

The combined reporting procedure is available when all the following conditions are met.

Qualified settlement funds.

A qualified settlement fund must file information returns for distributions to claimants if any transferor to the fund would have been required to file if the transferor had made the distributions directly to the claimants.

For distributions to transferors, a fund is considered in a trade or business for information reporting purposes and may be required to file Form 1099-MISC or other information returns. For payments made by the fund on behalf of a claimant or transferor, the fund is subject to these same rules and may have to file information returns for payment to third parties. For information reporting purposes, a payment made by the fund on behalf of a claimant or transferor is considered a distribution to the claimant or transferor and is also subject to information reporting requirements.

The same filing requirements, exceptions, and thresholds may apply to qualified settlement funds as apply to any other payer. That is, the fund must determine the character of the payment (for example, interest, fixed or determinable income, or gross proceeds from broker transactions) and to whom the payment is made (for example, corporation or individual).

For more information, see Regulations section 1.468B-2(l). Also, see Treasury Decision (T.D.) 9249, 2006-10 I.R.B. 546, available at IRS.gov/irb/2006-10_IRB#TD-9249. T.D. 9249 relates to escrow and similar funds.

Payments to foreign persons.

See the Instructions for Form 1042-S, relating to U.S. source income of foreign persons, for reporting requirements relating to payments to foreign persons.

Widely held fixed investment trusts (WHFITs).

Trustees and middlemen of WHFITs are required to report all items of gross income and proceeds on the appropriate Form 1099. For the definition of a WHFIT, see Regulations section 1.671-5(b)(22). A tax information statement that includes the information provided to the IRS on Forms 1099, as well as additional information identified in Regulations section 1.671-5(e), must be furnished to trust interest holders (TIHs).

Items of gross income (including original issue discount (OID)) attributable to the TIH for the calendar year, including all amounts of income attributable to selling, purchasing, or redeeming of a trust holder's interest in the WHFIT, must be reported. Items of income that are required to be reported, including non-pro rata partial principal payments, trust sales proceeds, redemption asset proceeds, and sales of a trust interest on a secondary market, must be reported on Form 1099-B. See Regulations section 1.671-5(d).

Safe harbor rules for determining the amount of an item to be reported on Form 1099 and a tax information statement with respect to a TIH in a non-mortgage WHFIT (NMWHFIT) and a widely held mortgage trust (WHMT) are found in Regulations sections 1.671-5(f) and (g), respectively.

Trustees and middlemen must follow all the rules for filing Forms 1099 with the IRS and furnishing a statement to the TIH (except as noted below) as described in parts A through S of these instructions. Trustees and middlemen should also follow the separate instructions for Forms 1099-B, 1099-DIV, 1099-INT, 1099-MISC, and 1099-OID, as applicable, which may address additional income reporting requirements.

Election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(A).

You are eligible to make this election to report an account on Form(s) 1099 if:

Election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(B).

You are eligible to make this election to report an account on Form(s) 1099 if:

You may make an election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(A) or (B) either with respect to all such U.S. accounts or with respect to any clearly identified group of such accounts (for example, by line of business or by location where the account is maintained).

Special reporting by U.S. payer described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A).

If you are a U.S. payer that is a PFFI other than a U.S. branch, you may also satisfy your requirement to report with respect to a U.S. account for chapter 4 purposes by reporting on each appropriate Form 1099 in the manner described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A).

Reporting procedure.

If you are an FFI that is eligible to make an election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(A) or (B) or are a U.S. payer reporting as described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A), you must do so by filing each appropriate Form 1099 with the IRS and reporting the payments required to be reported by a U.S. payer (as defined in Regulations section 1.6049-5(c)(5)) with respect to the account. However, see Payments required to be reported , later. Also see the separate specific instructions for each form to determine which form to file.

All Form 1099 filers must have an EIN. If you have not previously filed a Form 1099 or other return, you must obtain an EIN and include it on each Form 1099 that you file. See part K for more information, including how to obtain an EIN and exceptions to the EIN rule.

In addition to the information otherwise required to be reported on the appropriate Form 1099, you must also include the following information for each account you are reporting as described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A) or (d)(5)(i)(A) or (B).

If you are an FFI making an election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(A) or (B), or are a U.S. payer reporting as described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A), you are required to report the payee’s account number on each Form 1099 you file (regardless of the fact that the account number may otherwise be optional for purposes of reporting on the applicable Form 1099).

If you are a sponsoring entity that is reporting a U.S. account on behalf of a sponsored FFI described above, report on the appropriate Form(s) 1099 the following information in the payer boxes (if filing on paper) or in the appropriate fields of the payer record (if e-filing).

In addition, if you are e-filing, enter numeric code “1” in the “Transfer Agent Indicator” field. See Pub. 1220 for e-file of forms. If you are filing on paper, enter your Global Intermediary Identification Number (GIIN) in the lower right-hand portion of the title area on the top of Form 1096. For transmittal of paper forms, see Form 1096 and its accompanying instructions.

If you are an FFI described above that is electing to report an account to which you did not make any payments for the calendar year that are required to be reported on a Form 1099, you must report the account on Form 1099-MISC or Form 1099-NEC. In addition, if you made any payments for the calendar year that would be required to be reported on a Form 1099 if not for an applicable dollar amount threshold, you must also report the account on Form 1099-MISC or Form 1099-NEC. See the Instructions for Forms 1099-MISC and 1099-NEC.

Payments required to be reported.

If you make an election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(A) or (B), you are required to report any payments made to the account as required for purposes of the election, that is, payments that would be reportable under sections 6041, 6042, 6045, and 6049 if you were a U.S. payer.

Forms 1099 used.

The payments required to be reported under this election for calendar year 2024 must be reported, as applicable, on Form 1099-B, Proceeds From Broker or Barter Exchange Transactions; 1099-DIV, Dividends and Distributions; 1099-INT, Interest Income; 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Information; 1099-NEC, Nonemployee Compensation; 1099-OID, Original Issue Discount; or 1099-R, Distributions From Pensions, Annuities, Retirement or Profit-Sharing Plans, IRAs, Insurance Contracts, etc. Also see the separate specific instructions for each form.

Definitions.

Generally, for detailed information about definitions that apply for purposes of chapter 4, see Regulations section 1.1471-1(b). A Reporting foreign intermediary (FI) under a Model 2 Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) should also refer to definitions that may apply under that IGA or apply pursuant to any applicable domestic law pertaining to its FATCA obligations. Solely for purposes of filing Forms 1099, the following definitions are provided to help guide filers through the process.

Private delivery services (PDSs).

You can use certain PDSs designated by the IRS to meet the “timely mailing as timely filing” rule for information returns. Go to IRS.gov/PDS for the current list of designated PDSs.

The PDS can tell you how to get written proof of the mailing date.

For the IRS mailing address to use if you’re using a PDS, go to IRS.gov/PDSstreetAddresses and select the address that corresponds with the city of the address where you would otherwise mail your information returns under D. Where To File , later.

Reporting period.

Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, and W-2G are used to report amounts received, paid, credited, donated, transferred, or canceled, in the case of Form 1099-C, during the calendar year. Forms 5498, 5498-ESA, 5498-QA, and 5498-SA are used to report amounts contributed and the fair market value (FMV) of an account for the calendar year.

Extension of time to file.

You can get an automatic 30-day extension of time to file by completing Form 8809. The form may be submitted on paper, or through the FIRE System either as a fill-in form or an electronic file. A signature or explanation may be required for the extension. However, you must file Form 8809 by the due date of the returns in order to get the 30-day extension. Under certain hardship conditions, you may apply for an additional 30-day extension. See Form 8809 for more information.

State and local tax departments.

Contact the applicable state and local tax department as necessary for reporting requirements and where to file.

Online fillable forms.

Due to the very low volume of paper Forms 1097-BTC, 1098-C, 1098-MA, 1098-Q, 1099-CAP, 1099-LTC, 1099-Q, 1099-QA, 1099-SA, 3922, 5498-ESA, 5498-QA, and 5498-SA received and processed by the IRS each year, these forms have been converted to online fillable PDFs. You may fill out these forms, found online at IRS.gov/FormsPubs, and send Copy B to each recipient. For filing with the IRS, follow your usual procedures for e-filing if you are filing 10 or more information returns. If you are filing any of these forms on paper due to a low volume of recipients, for these forms only, you may file a black-and-white Copy A that you print from the IRS website with Form 1096. See part G for paper document reporting. You must not use these online fillable forms if you are required to e-file.

Transmitters, paying agents, etc.

A transmitter, service bureau, paying agent, or disbursing agent (hereafter referred to as “agent”) may sign Form 1096 on behalf of any person required to file (hereafter referred to as “payer”) if the conditions in (1) and (2) below are met.

Signing of the form by an authorized agent on behalf of the payer does not relieve the payer of the liability for penalties for not filing a correct, complete, and timely Form 1096 and accompanying returns.

Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, and W-2G, or acceptable substitute statements, to recipients issued by a service bureau or agent should show the same payer's name as shown on the information returns filed with the IRS.

For information about the election to report and deposit backup withholding under the agent's TIN and how to prepare forms if the election is made, see Rev. Proc. 84-33, 1984-1 C.B. 502, and the Instructions for Form 945.

Keeping copies.

Generally, keep copies of information returns you filed with the IRS, or have the ability to reconstruct the data, for at least 3 years (4 years for Form 1099-C), from the due date of the returns. Keep copies of information returns for 4 years if backup withholding was imposed.

Shipping and mailing.

Send the forms to the IRS in a flat mailer (not folded). If you are sending many forms, you may send them in conveniently sized packages. On each package, write your name, number the packages consecutively, and place Form 1096 in package number 1. Postal regulations require forms and packages to be sent by First-Class Mail.

Information Reporting Intake System (IRIS).

The IRS has developed a free online portal that allows taxpayers to e-file Forms 1099 after December 31, 2022, for 2022 and later returns. Users should follow the specifications in Pub. 5717, IRIS Taxpayer Portal User Guide. Go to IRS.gov/IRIS for additional information and updates.

Due dates.

E-file Forms 1097, most Forms 1098, and most Forms 1099, 3921, 3922, or W-2G by March 31, 2025. File Forms 5498, 5498-ESA, 5498-QA, or 5498-SA by June 2, 2025. See part M about furnishing Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, and W-2G, or statements, to recipients.

How to request an extension of time to file.

For information about requesting an extension of time to file, see Extension of time to file , earlier, under part C.

If you e-file, do not file the same returns on paper.

Who must e-file.

If you are required to file 10 or more information returns during the year, you must e-file. The 10-or-more requirement does not apply separately to each type of form. For example, if you must file four Forms 1098 and six Forms 1099-A, you must e-file.

The e-file requirement does not apply if you apply for and receive a hardship waiver. See How to request a waiver from e-filing , later.

If you are required to e-file but fail to do so, and you do not have an approved waiver, you may be subject to a penalty.

The IRS encourages you to e-file.

Filing requirement does not apply separately to originals and corrections.

The e-filing requirement does not apply separately to original returns and corrected returns. If your original information returns are required to be e-filed, any corrected information return must also be e-filed. For example, if you e-file five Forms 1098 and five Forms 1099-DIV and you are making four corrections, your corrections must also be e-filed.

How to report incorrect payer name and/or TIN.

If a payer discovers an error in reporting the payer (not recipient) name and/or TIN, write a letter containing the following information.

If a payer realizes duplicate reporting or a large percentage of incorrect information has been filed, contact the information reporting customer service site at 866-455-7438 for further instructions.

How to get approval to e-file.

You will need to apply for a Transmitter Control Code (TCC) to e-file information returns. You can e-file Forms 1099 using IRIS and/or FIRE. A separate TCC is required for each system, IRIS-TCC and/or FIRE-TCC. An IRIS TCC will not work for FIRE and vice versa. An EIN is required to apply for a TCC. As the TCC application process may take up to 45 days to process, you should apply before the filing season. Once you receive your TCC, it can be used from year to year. See IRS.gov/InfoReturn for more information.

Form 4419 will no longer be accepted to update information for those that received their TCC before September 26, 2021. See IRS.gov/FIRE for more information.

How to request a waiver from e-filing.

To receive a waiver from the required e-filing of information returns, submit Form 8508 at least 45 days before the due date of the returns for which you are requesting a waiver. You cannot apply for a waiver for more than 1 tax year at a time. If you need a waiver for more than 1 tax year, you must reapply at the appropriate time each year.

If a waiver for original returns is approved, any corrections for the same types of returns will be covered under the waiver. However, if you e-filed original returns but you want to submit your corrections on paper, a waiver must be approved for the corrections.

If you receive an approved waiver, do not send a copy of it to the IRS Submission Processing Center where you file your paper returns. Keep the waiver for your records only.

Penalty.

If you are required to e-file but fail to do so, and you do not have an approved waiver, you may be subject to a penalty for failure to file electronically unless you establish reasonable cause. For most of the information returns discussed in these instructions, the maximum penalty is $330 per return. However, the penalty for a failure to file timely electronically applies only to the extent the number of returns exceeds 10. See part O.

The penalty does not apply separately to original returns and corrected returns. See Filing requirement does not apply separately to originals and corrections , earlier.

Follow these guidelines.

Multiple filings.

If, after you file Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, or W-2G, you discover additional forms that are required to be filed, file these forms with a new Form 1096. Do not include copies or information from previously filed returns.

Required format.

Because paper forms are scanned, all Forms 1096 and Copies A of Forms 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, and 5498 must be prepared in accordance with the following instructions. If these instructions are not followed, you may be subject to a penalty for each incorrectly filed document. See part O.

Common errors.

Be sure to check your returns to prevent the following common errors.

Form 1096.

Use a separate Form 1096 for each type of return you are correcting. For the same type of return, you may use one Form 1096 for both originals and corrections. You do not need to correct a previously filed Form 1096.

CORRECTED checkbox.

Enter an “X” in the “CORRECTED” checkbox only when correcting a form previously filed with the IRS or furnished to the recipient. Certain errors require two returns to make the correction. See Filing corrected returns on paper forms, later, to determine when to check the “CORRECTED” checkbox.

Account number.

If the account number was provided on the original return, the same account number must be included on both the original and corrected returns to properly identify and process the correction. If the account number was not provided on the original return, do not include it on the corrected return. See part L.

Recipient's statement.

You may enter a date next to the “CORRECTED” checkbox. This will help the recipient in the case of multiple corrections.

Filing corrected returns on paper forms.

The Error Charts for Filing Corrected Returns on Paper Forms, later, give step-by-step instructions for filing corrected returns for the most frequently made errors. They are grouped under Error Type 1 or 2. Correction of errors may require the submission of more than one return. Be sure to read and follow the steps given.

VOID box.

If a completed or partially completed Form 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, or 5498 is incorrect and you want to void it before submission to the IRS, enter an “X” in the “VOID” box at the top of the form. For example, if you make an error while typing or printing a form, you should void it. The return will then be disregarded during processing by the IRS. Go to the next form on the page, or to another page, and enter the correct information; but do not check the “CORRECTED” checkbox. Do not cut or separate the forms that are two or three to a page. Submit the entire page even if only one of the forms on the page is a good return.

Recipient names.

Show the full name and address in the section provided on the information return. If payments have been made to more than one recipient or the account is in more than one name, show on the first name line the name of the recipient whose TIN is first shown on the return. You may show the names of any other individual recipients in the area below the first line, if desired. Form W-2G filers, see the Instructions for Forms W-2G and 5754.

TINs.

TINs are used to associate and verify amounts you report to the IRS with corresponding amounts on tax returns. Therefore, it is important that you report correct names, SSNs, individual taxpayer identification numbers (ITINs), EINs, or adoption taxpayer identification numbers (ATINs) for recipients on the forms sent to the IRS.

Only one recipient TIN can be entered on the form.

U.S. resident aliens who rely on a “saving clause” of a tax treaty are to complete Form W-9, not Form W-8BEN. See Pub. 515 and Pub. 519.

You may be subject to a penalty for an incorrect or missing TIN on an information return. See part O for more information. You are required to maintain the confidentiality of information obtained on a Form W-9/W-9S relating to the taxpayer's identity (including SSNs, EINs, ITINs, and ATINs), and you may use such information only to comply with the tax laws.

If the recipient does not provide a TIN, leave the box for the recipient's TIN blank on the Form 1097, 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, 5498, or W-2G. Backup withholding may apply; see part N.

If the recipient does not provide a TIN, you may not make the election described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(5)(i)(A) or (B) or report as described in Regulations section 1.1471-4(d)(2)(iii)(A).

The TIN for individual recipients of information returns is the SSN, ITIN, or ATIN. See Sole proprietors , earlier. For other recipients, including corporations, partnerships, and estates, the TIN is the EIN. Income reportable after the death of an individual must reflect the TIN of the payee, that is, of the estate or of the surviving joint owner. For more information, see Personal Representative in Pub. 559. For LLCs, see Limited liability company (LLC), earlier.

SSNs, ITINs, and ATINs have nine digits separated by two hyphens (000-00-0000), and EINs have nine digits separated by only one hyphen (00-0000000).

Truncating payee’s TIN on payee statements.

Filers of information returns are permitted to truncate a payee's TIN (SSN, ITIN, ATIN, or EIN) on most payee statements. The payee's TIN may not be truncated on Form W2-G. Where permitted, filers may truncate a payee's TIN on the payee statement (including substitute and composite substitute statements) furnished to the payee in paper form or electronically. Generally, the payee statement is that copy of an information return designated "Copy B" on the form. A "payee" is any person who is required to receive a copy of the information set forth on an information return by the filer of the return. For some forms, the term "payee" will refer to beneficiary, borrower, debtor, insured, participant, payer, policyholder, recipient, shareholder, student, or transferor. If a filer truncates a TIN on Copy B, other copies of the form furnished to the payee may also include a truncated number. A filer may not truncate a payee's TIN on any forms the filer files with the IRS. A filer's TIN may not be truncated on any form. To truncate where allowed, replace the first five digits of the nine-digit number with asterisks (*) or Xs (for example, an SSN xxx-xx-xxxx would appear on the paper payee statement as ***-**-xxxx or XXX-XX-xxxx). See T.D. 9675, 2014-31 I.R.B. 242, available at IRS.gov/irb/2014-31_IRB#TD-9675.

Electronic submission of Forms W-9.

Requesters may establish a system for payees and payees' agents to submit Forms W-9 electronically, including by fax. A requester is anyone required to file an information return. A payee is anyone required to provide a TIN to the requester.

Generally, the electronic system must do the following.

For Forms W-9 that are not required to be signed, the electronic system need not provide for an electronic signature or a perjury statement.

Electronic submission of Forms W-9S.

See the Instructions for Forms 1098-E and 1098-T.

Substitute statements.

If you are not using the official IRS form to furnish statements to recipients, see Pub. 1179 for specific rules about providing “substitute” statements to recipients. Generally, a substitute is any statement other than Copy B of the official form. You may develop them yourself or buy them from a private printer. However, the substitutes must comply with the format and content requirements specified in Pub. 1179 that is available on IRS.gov.

Telephone number.

You are required to include the telephone number of a person to contact on the following statements to recipients: W-2G, 1097-BTC, 1098, 1098-C, 1098-E, 1098-F, 1098-MA, 1098-Q, 1098-T, 1099-A, 1099-B, 1099-C, 1099-CAP, 1099-DIV, 1099-G (excluding state and local income tax refunds), 1099-INT, 1099-K, 1099-LS, 1099-LTC, 1099-MISC (excluding fishing boat proceeds), 1099-NEC, 1099-OID, 1099-PATR, 1099-Q, 1099-QA, 1099-R, 1099-S, 1099-SA, and 1099-SB. You may include the telephone number in any conspicuous place on the statements. This number must provide direct access to an individual who can answer questions about the statement. Although not required, if you report on other Forms 1099 and 5498, or on Forms 3921 and 3922, you are encouraged to furnish telephone numbers.

Rules for furnishing statements.

Different rules apply to furnishing statements to recipients depending on the type of payment (or other information) you are reporting and the form you are filing.

If you are reporting a payment that includes noncash property, show the FMV of the property at the time of payment.

Report the type of payment information as described next for (a) Dividend, interest, and royalty payments; (b) Real estate transactions; and (c) Other information.

Dividend, interest, and royalty payments.

For payments of dividends under section 6042 (reported on Form 1099-DIV), patronage dividends under section 6044 (reported on Form 1099-PATR), interest (including OID and tax-exempt interest) under section 6049 (reported on Form 1099-INT or 1099-OID), or royalties under section 6050N (reported on Form 1099-MISC or 1099-S), you are required to furnish an official IRS Form 1099 or an acceptable substitute Form 1099 to a recipient either in person, by First-Class Mail to the recipient's last known address, or electronically (see Electronic recipient statements , later). Statements may be sent by intraoffice mail if you use intraoffice mail to send account information and other correspondence to the recipient.

Real estate transactions.

You must furnish a statement to the transferor containing the same information reported to the IRS on Form 1099-S. You may use Copy B of the official IRS Form 1099-S or a substitute form that complies with Pub. 1179 and Regulations section 1.6045-4(m). You may use a Settlement Statement (under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA)) as the written statement if it is conformed by including on the statement the legend shown on Form 1099-S and by designating which information is reported to the IRS on Form 1099-S. You may furnish the statement to the transferor in person, by mail, or electronically. Furnish the statement at or after closing but by February 15 of the following year.

The statement mailing requirements explained earlier do not apply to statements to transferors for proceeds from real estate transactions reported on Form 1099-S. However, the statement mailing requirements do apply to statements to transferors for timber royalties reportable under section 6050N on Form 1099-S.

Other information.

Statements to recipients for Forms 1097-BTC, 1098, 1098-C, 1098-E, 1098-F, 1098-Q, 1098-T, 1099-A, 1099-B, 1099-C, 1099-CAP, 1099-G, 1099-K, 1099-LS, 1099-LTC, 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, 1099-Q, 1099-QA, 1099-R, 1099-SA, 1099-SB, 3921, 3922, 5498, 5498-ESA, 5498-QA, 5498-SA, W-2G, 1099-DIV (only for section 404(k) dividends reportable under section 6047), 1099-INT (only for interest reportable in the course of your trade or business under section 6041), or 1099-S (only for royalties) need not be, but can be, a copy of the official paper form filed with the IRS. If you do not use a copy of the paper form, the form number and title of your substitute must be the same as the official IRS form. All information required to be reported must be numbered and titled on your substitute in substantially the same manner as on the official IRS form. However, if you are reporting a payment as “Other income” in box 3 of Form 1099-MISC, you may substitute appropriate explanatory language for the box title. For example, for payments of accrued wages to a beneficiary of a deceased employee required to be reported on Form 1099-MISC, you might change the title of box 3 to “Beneficiary payments” or something similar.

Appropriate instructions to the recipient, similar to those on the official IRS form, must be provided to aid in the proper reporting of the items on the recipient's income tax return. For payments reported on Form 1099-B, rather than furnish appropriate instructions with each Form 1099-B statement, you may furnish to the recipient one set of instructions for all statements required to be furnished to a recipient in a calendar year.

Except for royalties reported on Form 1099-MISC or 1099-S, the statement mailing requirements explained earlier do not apply to statements to recipients for information reported on the forms listed under Other information, earlier. You may combine the statements with other reports or financial or commercial notices, or expand them to include other information of interest to the recipient. Be sure that all copies of the forms are legible. See Pub. 1179 for certain “composite” statements that are permitted.

When to furnish forms or statements.

Generally, you must furnish Forms 1098, 1099, 3921, 3922, and W-2G information by January 31, 2025. Forms 1099-B, 1099-S, and 1099-MISC (if you are reporting payments in only box 8 or 10) must be furnished by February 17, 2025. Also, this applies to statements furnished as part of a consolidated reporting statement. See T.D. 9504, 2010-47 I.R.B. 670, available at IRS.gov/irb/2010-47_IRB#TD-9504. However, you may issue them earlier in some situations, as provided by the regulations. For example, you may furnish Form 1099-INT to the recipient redeeming U.S. Savings Bonds at the time of redemption. Brokers and barter exchanges may furnish Form 1099-B anytime but not later than February 17, 2025.

Form 1099-SB must generally be furnished by February 17, 2025. However, if notice of a transfer to a foreign person is not received until after January 31, 2025, the due date is 30 days after the date notice is received. See Regulations section 1.6050Y-3(d)(2). Form 1099-LS must be furnished to reportable policy sale payment recipients by February 17, 2025. See Regulations section 1.6050Y-2(d)(1)(ii). Form 1099-LS must be furnished to issuers by January 15, 2025, at the latest, but must be furnished by the later of 20 calendar days after the reportable policy sale or 5 calendar days after the end of the applicable state law rescission period if the later date occurs before January 15, 2025. See Regulations section 1.6050Y-2(d)(2)(ii).

Furnish Form 1097-BTC to the recipient for each month in which a tax credit amount is allowable to the recipient on or before the 15th day of the 2nd calendar month after the close of the calendar month in which the credit is allowed. For more information, see the Instructions for Form 1097-BTC.

Donee organizations required to issue Form 1098-C must furnish the acknowledgment to a donor within 30 days of the sale of the vehicle (if it is sold without material improvements or significant intervening use) or within 30 days of the contribution.

Trustees or issuers of IRAs must furnish Form 5498 to participants with a statement of the value of the participant's account, and required minimum distribution (RMD) and information on hard to value assets, if applicable, by January 31, 2025.

Trustees of a SIMPLE IRA must furnish a statement of the account activity by January 31, 2025. Contribution information for all other types of IRAs must be furnished to the participant by June 2, 2025.

Trustees and middlemen of a WHFIT must furnish the required statement by March 17, 2025.

For real estate transactions, you may furnish Form 1099-S to the transferor at closing or by mail on or before February 17, 2025.

Filers of Forms 5498 or 5498-SA who furnish a statement of FMV of the account (and any other required information) to the participant by January 31, 2025, with no reportable contributions, including rollovers, made in 2024, need not furnish another statement by June 2, 2025, to the participant to report zero contributions. If another statement is not furnished to the participant, the statement of the FMV of the account must contain a legend designating which information is being filed with the IRS.

Form 5498-ESA must be furnished to the beneficiary by April 30, 2025.

Form 5498-QA must be furnished to the beneficiary by March 17, 2025.

See the Guide to Information Returns , later, for the date other information returns are due to the recipient.

If the statement is properly addressed and mailed, or, with respect to electronic recipient statements, posted to a website, on or before the due date, it will be deemed timely furnished. If the regular due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday in the District of Columbia or where the return is to be filed, furnish by the next business day. A business day is any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday in the District of Columbia or where the return is to be filed. See section 11 of Pub. 15 for a list of legal holidays.

Electronic recipient statements.

If you are required to furnish a written statement (Copy B or an acceptable substitute) to a recipient, then you may generally furnish the statement electronically instead of on paper, but only if you meet the requirements discussed later in this section. This includes furnishing the statement to recipients of Forms 1097-BTC, 1098, 1098-E, 1098-F, 1098-Q, 1098-T, 1099-A, 1099-B, 1099-C, 1099-CAP, 1099-DIV, 1099-G, 1099-H, 1099-INT, 1099-K, 1099-LS, 1099-LTC, 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, 1099-OID, 1099-PATR, 1099-Q, 1099-QA, 1099-R, 1099-S, 1099-SA, 1099-SB, 3921, 3922, 5498, 5498-ESA, 5498-QA, and 5498-SA. It also includes Form W-2G (except for horse and dog racing, jai alai, sweepstakes, wagering pools, and lotteries).

Until further guidance is issued to the contrary, Form 1098-C may not be furnished electronically.

If you meet the requirements that follow, you are treated as furnishing the statement.

Extension of time to furnish statements to recipients.

Do not submit an extension request by mail.

You may request an extension of time to furnish the statements to recipients by faxing a letter to:

The letter must include (a) payer name, (b) payer TIN, (c) payer address, (d) type of return (Form 1042-S, Form W-2, specific 1099 family form), (e) a statement that your extension request is for providing statements to recipients, (f) reason for delay, and (g) the signature of the payer or authorized agent.

Your request must be received no later than the date on which the statements are due to the recipients. If your request for an extension is approved, generally you will be granted a maximum of 30 extra days to furnish the recipient statements.

When to apply backup withholding.

Generally, the period for which the 24% should be withheld is as follows.

The 60-day exemption from backup withholding applies only to interest and dividend payments and certain payments made with respect to readily tradable instruments. Therefore, any other payment, such as nonemployee compensation, is subject to backup withholding even if the payee has applied for and is awaiting a TIN. For information about whether backup withholding applies during the 60-day period, see Regulations section 31.3406(g)-3.

Reporting backup withholding.

Report backup withholding on Form 945, Annual Return of Withheld Federal Income Tax. Also, report backup withholding and the amount of the payment on Forms W-2G, 1099-B, 1099-DIV, 1099-G, 1099-INT, 1099-K, 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, 1099-OID, or 1099-PATR even if the amount of the payment is less than the amount for which an information return is normally required.

The EIN of the filer of the forms listed above must be the EIN of the filer of Form 945.

Additional information.

For more information about backup withholding, see Pub. 1281.