Instructions for Form 1040-C - Introductory Material What's New Standard deduction. Alternative minimum tax (AMT) exemption amount increased. Social security tax. Reminders Continuous use Form 1040-C. Former U.S. citizens and former U.S. long-term residents. Social security or Medicare taxes withheld in error. Child tax credit not refundable for resident aliens electing to exclude foreign earned income from tax. Individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) renewal. Social security number (SSN) required for child tax credit. General Instructions Purpose of Form Alien status rules. Final Return Required Certificate of Compliance Form 1040-C or Form 2063. Exceptions. How To Get the Certificate When To Get a Sailing or Departure Permit Forms To File Form 2063 Form 1040-C Papers To Submit Returning to the United States Joint Return on Form 1040-C Paying Taxes and Obtaining Refunds Filing Annual U.S. Income Tax Returns Identifying Number Specific Instructions Joint return. Identifying number. ITIN. Part I—Explanation of Status—Resident or Nonresident Alien Green card test. Substantial presence test. Days of presence in the United States. Closer connection to a foreign country exception. Residence determined by tax treaty. Dual-status tax year. Income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business—nonresident aliens. Digital assets. How to report digital assets transactions. Part II—Dependents Line 15, column (b). Line 15, column (d). Part III—Figuring Your Income Tax Line 17. Adjustments. Line 20. Credits. Line 22. Other taxes. Line 25. Tax. Line 29. Other payments. Signature Court-appointed conservator, guardian, or other fiduciary. Paid preparers must sign. Schedule A—Income Line 1, column (c). Line 1, column (d). Line 1, column (e). Line 1, column (f). Line 5. Exempt income for nonresident aliens. Schedule B—Certain Gains and Losses From Sales or Exchanges by Nonresident Aliens of Property Not Effectively Connected With a U.S. Trade or Business 1. Capital gains. 2. Income other than capital gains. Original issue discount (OID). Schedule C—Itemized Deductions Personal casualty losses. Disaster tax relief. Schedule D—Tax Computation Standard Deduction (Group I only) Additional amount for the elderly or the blind. Lines 4 and 10 Lines 5 and 11 Lines 6 and 12 Additional information. Getting a transcript of your return. Reporting and resolving your tax-related identity theft issues. Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes. The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Is Here To Help You What Is TAS? How Can You Learn About Your Taxpayer Rights? What Can TAS Do for You? How Can You Reach TAS? How Else Does TAS Help Taxpayers? Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs) Instructions for Form 1040-C - Notices Instructions for Form 1040-C (01/2024) U.S. Departing Alien Income Tax Return Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted. Revised: 01/2024 Instructions for Form 1040-C - Introductory Material Future developments. For the latest information about developments related to Form 1040-C and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/Form1040C. What's New Standard deduction. If you do not itemize your deductions, you may be able to take the standard deduction. The basic standard deduction has increased for 2024. See Standard Deduction (Group I only) , later. Alternative minimum tax (AMT) exemption amount increased. The AMT exemption amount is increased to $85,700 ($133,300 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse; $66,650 if married filing separately). The income level at which the AMT exemption begins to phase out has increased to $609,350 ($,218,700 if married filing jointly; $609,350 if married filing separately). Social security tax. For 2024, the maximum amount of earned income (wages and net earnings from self-employment) subject to the social security tax is $168,600. Reminders Use your 2023 tax return as a guide in figuring your 2024 tax, but be sure to consider the following. Continuous use Form 1040-C. Form 1040-C is a continuous use form. Filers will make an entry at the top of the form to identify the tax year. We will revise these instructions annually to show inflation-adjusted items for various Code provisions. Former U.S. citizens and former U.S. long-term residents. If you expatriate or terminate your long-term residency in 2024, you must file Form 8854, Initial and Annual Expatriation Statement, with your 2024 income tax return. You may also be subject to income tax under section 877A on the net unrealized gain on your property as if the property had been sold on the day before your expatriation date. You figure this tax on Form 8854. For more details, see the Form 8854 and its instructions at IRS.gov/Form8854. Also, see Pub. 519, U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens. Social security or Medicare taxes withheld in error. If you are a foreign student on an F-1, J-1, M, or Q visa, and social security or Medicare taxes were withheld on your wages in error, you may want to file Form 843, Claim for Refund or Request for Abatement, to request a refund of these taxes. For more information, see Nonresident Alien Students and Refund of Taxes Withheld in Error in chapter 8 of Pub. 519. Child tax credit not refundable for resident aliens electing to exclude foreign earned income from tax. Group I (resident alien) filers who exclude foreign earned income from their gross income may not claim any additional child tax credit on line 29. These filers are only allowed to claim the child tax credit to the extent allowable on line 20. Individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) renewal. ITINs that were not included on at least one tax return filed in the last 3 consecutive years (2021, 2022, or 2023 for tax year 2024) expired on December 31, 2023. For more information, go to IRS.gov/ITIN. If you need to renew your ITIN, see the Instructions for Form W-7 at IRS.gov/FormW7. Social security number (SSN) required for child tax credit. Your child must have an SSN issued before the due date of your 2024 return (including extensions) to be claimed as a qualifying child for the child tax credit or additional child tax credit. If your dependent child has an ITIN, but not an SSN, issued before the due date of your 2024 return (including extensions), you may be able to claim the new credit for other dependents for that child. General Instructions Purpose of Form Form 1040-C is used by aliens who intend to leave the United States or any of its possessions to: Report income received or expected to be received for the entire tax year, and Pay the expected tax liability on that income, if they are required to do so. Form 1040-C must be filed before an alien leaves the United States or any of its possessions. For more information, see How To Get the Certificate , later. If you are a nonresident alien, use the current Instructions for Form 1040-NR, U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return, to help you complete Form 1040-C. If you are a resident alien, use the current Instructions for Forms 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, to help you complete Form 1040-C. You can get tax forms, instructions, and publications from the IRS. See Additional information , later. Alien status rules. If you are not a citizen of the United States, specific rules apply to determine if you are a resident or nonresident alien for tax purposes. Intent is not a factor in determining your residency status. You are considered a resident alien if you meet either the green card test or the substantial presence test. However, even though you otherwise would meet the substantial presence test, you will not be considered a U.S. resident if you qualify for the closer connection to a foreign country exception or you are able to qualify as a nonresident alien by reason of a tax treaty. These tests and the exception are discussed in the instructions for Part I—Explanation of Status—Resident or Nonresident Alien , later. Final Return Required A Form 1040-C is not a final return. You must file a final income tax return after your tax year ends. If you are a U.S. citizen or resident alien on the last day of the year, you should file Form 1040 (or 1040-SR) reporting your worldwide income. If you are not a U.S. citizen or resident alien on the last day of the year, you should file Form 1040-NR. However, certain individuals who were resident aliens at the beginning of the tax year but nonresident aliens at the end of the tax year must file a “dual-status” return. See Dual-status tax year , later. Any tax you pay with Form 1040-C counts as a credit against tax on your final return. Any overpayment shown on Form 1040-C will be refunded only if and to the extent your final return for the tax year shows an overpayment. Note. There are some tax items that are not addressed on Form 1040-C or in these instructions that must be taken into account on your final return. For example, if you are a Group I (resident alien) filer, you must reconcile any advance payments of the premium tax credit with the premium tax credit allowed on your tax return. See Form 8962, Premium Tax Credit, and its instructions, for more information. Certificate of Compliance The issuance of a certificate of compliance is not a final determination of your tax liability. If it is later determined that you owe more tax, you will have to pay the additional tax due Form 1040-C or Form 2063. If you are an alien, you should not leave the United States or any of its possessions without getting a certificate of compliance from your IRS Field Assistance Area Director on Form 1040-C or Form 2063, U.S. Departing Alien Income Tax Statement, unless you meet one of the Exceptions, explained later. You can file the shorter Form 2063 if you have filed all U.S. income tax returns you were required to file, you paid any tax due, and either of the following applies. You have no taxable income for the year of departure and for the preceding year (if the time for filing the earlier year's return has not passed). You are a resident alien with taxable income for the preceding year or for the year of departure, but the Area Director has decided that your leaving will not hinder collecting the tax. Exceptions. You do not need a certificate of compliance if any of the following applies. You are a representative of a foreign government who holds a diplomatic passport, a member of the representative's household, a servant who accompanies the representative, an employee of an international organization or foreign government whose pay for official services is exempt from U.S. taxes and who has no other U.S. source income, or a member of the employee's household who has no income from U.S. sources. However, if you signed a waiver of nonimmigrant's privileges as a condition of holding both your job and your status as an immigrant, this exception does not apply, and you must get a certificate. You are a student, industrial trainee, or exchange visitor, or the spouse or child of such an individual. To qualify for this exception, you must have an F-1, F-2, H-3, H-4, J-1, J-2, or Q visa. Additionally, you must not have received any income from sources in the United States other than: Allowances covering expenses incident to your study or training in the United States (including expenses for travel, maintenance, and tuition); The value of any services or accommodations furnished incident to such study or training; Income from employment authorized under U.S. immigration laws; or Interest on deposits, but only if that interest is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. You are a student, or the spouse or child of a student, with an M-1 or M-2 visa. To qualify, you must not have received any income from sources in the United States other than: Income from employment authorized under U.S. immigration laws, or Interest on deposits, but only if that interest is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Any of the following applies. You are on a pleasure trip and have a B-2 visa. You are on a business trip, have a B-1 visa or a combined B-1/B-2 visa, and do not stay in the United States or any of its possessions for more than 90 days during the tax year. You are passing through the United States or any of its possessions, including travel on a C-1 visa or under a contract, such as a bond agreement, between a transportation line and the U.S. Attorney General. You are admitted on a border-crossing identification card. You do not need to carry passports, visas, or border-crossing identification cards because you are (i) visiting for pleasure or (ii) visiting for business and do not stay in the United States or any of its possessions for more than 90 days during the tax year. You are a resident of Canada or Mexico who commutes frequently to the United States to work and your wages are subject to income tax withholding. You are a military trainee admitted for instruction under the Department of Defense and you will leave the United States on official military travel orders. However, exception 4 does not apply if the Area Director believes you had taxable income during the current tax year through your departure date or the preceding tax year and your leaving the United States would hinder collecting the tax. How To Get the Certificate To get a certificate of compliance you must obtain a sailing or departure permit. To obtain a permit, file Form 1040-C or Form 2063 (whichever applies) with your local IRS office before you leave the United States. You must make an appointment for assistance at the local office. You can call 844-545-5640 between the hours of 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. local time to make the appointment. Depending on the time of year, some offices may not have available appointments within the 2 to 4 week time frame you must file so allow enough time to schedule your appointment before your departure date. You must also pay all the tax shown as due on Form 1040-C and any taxes due for past years. See Paying Taxes and Obtaining Refunds , later. It is advisable for aliens who have been working in the United States to get the permit from an IRS office in the area of their employment, but it also can be obtained from an IRS office in the area of their departure. When To Get a Sailing or Departure Permit You should get your sailing or departure permit at least 2 weeks before you plan to leave. You cannot apply earlier than 30 days before your planned departure date. Do not wait until the last minute in case there are unexpected problems. Forms To File If you must get a sailing or departure permit, you must file Form 2063 or Form 1040-C. Both forms have a “certificate of compliance” section. When the certificate of compliance is signed by an agent of the Field Assistance Area Director, it certifies that your U.S. tax obligations have been satisfied according to available information. Your Form 1040-C copy of the signed certificate, or the one detached from Form 2063, is your sailing or departure permit. Form 2063 This is a short form that asks for certain information but does not include a tax computation. The following departing aliens can get their sailing or departure permits by filing Form 2063: Aliens, whether resident or nonresident, who have had no taxable income for the tax year up to and including the date of departure and for the preceding year, if the period for filing the income tax return for that year has not expired. Resident aliens who have received taxable income during the tax year or preceding year and whose departure will not hinder the collection of any tax. However, if the IRS has information indicating that the aliens are leaving to avoid paying their income tax, they must file a Form 1040-C. Aliens in either of these categories who have not filed an income tax return or paid income tax for any tax year must file the return and pay the income tax before they can be issued a sailing or departure permit on Form 2063. The sailing or departure permit detached from Form 2063 can be used for all departures during the current year. However, the IRS may cancel the sailing or departure permit for any later departure if it believes the collection of income tax is jeopardized by that later departure. Form 1040-C If you must get a sailing or departure permit and you do not qualify to file Form 2063, you must file Form 1040-C. Ordinarily, all income received or reasonably expected to be received during the tax year up to and including the date of departure must be reported on Form 1040-C and the tax on it must be paid. When you pay any tax shown as due on the Form 1040-C, and you file all returns and pay all tax due for previous years, you will receive a sailing or departure permit. The IRS may permit you to furnish a bond guaranteeing payment instead of paying the taxes for certain years. The sailing or departure permit issued under the conditions in this paragraph is only for the specific departure for which it is issued. Lawful permanent resident aliens (green card holders) with no definite plans to return to the United States must notify the Department of Homeland Security of their termination of residency and file Form 8854, if they: Plan to surrender their green card, and Have been a lawful permanent resident in at least 8 taxable years during the previous 15 taxable years, including the taxable year during which they surrender their green card. See the Expatriation Tax information in Pub. 519, for more detailed information. Papers To Submit Getting your sailing or departure permit will go faster if you bring to your appointment at the IRS office papers and documents related to your income and your stay in the United States. Bring the following records with you if they apply: Your passport and alien registration card or visa. Copies of your U.S. income tax returns filed for the past 2 years. If you were in the United States for less than 2 years, bring the income tax returns you filed for that period. Receipts for income taxes paid on these returns. Receipts, bank records, canceled checks, and other documents that prove your deductions, business expenses, and dependents claimed on your returns. A statement from each employer showing wages paid and tax withheld from January 1 of the current year to the date of departure if you were an employee. If you were self-employed, you must bring a statement of income and expenses up to the date you plan to leave. Proof of estimated tax payments for the past year and this year. Documents showing any gain or loss from the sale of personal property, including capital assets and merchandise. Documents relating to scholarship or fellowship grants including verification of the grantor, source, and purpose of the grant. Documents indicating you qualify for any special tax treaty benefits claimed. Document verifying your date of departure from the United States, such as an airline ticket. Document verifying your U.S. taxpayer identification number, such as a social security card or an IRS-issued CP 565 showing your individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). If you are married and reside in a community property state, also bring the above-listed documents for your spouse. This applies whether or not your spouse requires a certificate. Returning to the United States If you furnish the IRS with information showing, to the satisfaction of the IRS, that you intend to return to the United States and that your departure does not jeopardize the collection of income tax, you can get a sailing or departure permit by filing Form 1040-C without having to pay the tax shown on it. You must, however, file all income tax returns that have not yet been filed as required, and pay all income tax that is due on these returns. Your Form 1040-C must include all income received and reasonably expected to be received during the entire year of departure. The sailing or departure permit issued with this Form 1040-C can be used for all departures during the current year. However, the IRS may cancel the sailing or departure permit for any later departure if the payment of income tax appears to be in jeopardy. Joint Return on Form 1040-C Departing husbands and wives who are nonresident aliens cannot file joint returns. However, if one spouse is a resident alien, they can file a joint return on Form 1040-C if: Both spouses can reasonably be expected to qualify to file a joint return at the normal close of their tax year. The tax years of the spouses end at the same time. Paying Taxes and Obtaining Refunds Except when a bond is furnished, or the IRS is satisfied that your departure does not jeopardize the collection of income tax, you must pay all tax shown as due on the Form 1040-C at the time of filing it. You must also pay any taxes due for past years. If the tax computation on Form 1040-C results in an overpayment, there is no tax to pay at the time you file that return. However, the IRS cannot provide a refund at the time of departure. If you are due a refund, you must file Form 1040 or Form 1040-NR, as appropriate, at the end of the tax year. Filing Annual U.S. Income Tax Returns Form 1040-C is not an annual U.S. income tax return. If an income tax return is required by law, that return must be filed even though a Form 1040-C has already been filed. The tax paid with Form 1040- C should be taken as a credit against the tax liability for the entire tax year on your annual U.S. income tax return. Identifying Number You are generally required to enter your social security number (SSN). To get an SSN for a nonresident alien spouse, apply at an office of the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA). For more, information go to SSA.gov or call 800-772-121 . If you do not have an SSN and are not eligible to get one, you must apply for an individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN). For details on how to do so, see Form W-7 and its instructions. It usually takes about 4–6 weeks to get an ITIN. If you already have an ITIN, enter it wherever your SSN is requested on your tax return. If you are required to include another person’s SSN on your return and that person does not have and cannot get an SSN, enter that person’s ITIN. An ITIN is for tax use only. It does not entitle you to social security benefits or change your employment or immigration status under U.S. law. To find an IRS office, click on Contact Your Local IRS Office and enter your zip code to find the nearest office. Please note that all Taxpayer Assistance Centers (TACs) operate by appointment. Services are limited and not all services are available at every TAC office. Call 844-545-5640 to schedule an appointment. Remember that you must visit an IRS office at least 2 weeks (but no more than 30 days) before you leave the United States, so make sure you call for an appointment well before those time frames. Please be prepared to furnish your anticipated date of departure and bring the following records with you if they apply. A valid passport with your alien registration card or visa. Copies of your U.S. income tax returns filed for the past 2 years. If you were in the United States for less than 2 years, bring copies of the income tax returns you filed for that period. Receipts for income taxes paid on these returns. Receipts, bank records, canceled checks, and other documents that prove your deductions, business expenses, and dependents claimed on the returns. A statement from each employer you worked for this year showing wages paid and tax withheld. If you are self-employed, you must bring a statement of income and expenses up to the date you plan to leave. Proof of any payments of estimated tax for the past year and the current year. Documents showing any gain or loss from the sale of personal and/or real property, including capital assets and merchandise. Documents concerning scholarship or fellowship grants, such as: (a) verification of the grantor, source, and purpose of the grant; (b) copies of the application for, and approval of, the grant; (c) a statement of the amount paid, and your duties and obligations under the grant; and (d) a list of any previous grants. Documents indicating qualification for special tax treaty benefits. Document verifying your date of departure from the United States, such as an airline ticket. Document verifying your U.S. taxpayer identification number (TIN), such as a social security card or an IRS-issued Notice CP 565 showing your ITIN. If you are married and reside in a community property state, also bring the documents listed on this page for your spouse. This applies whether or not your spouse requires a certificate If you are filing Form 1040-C, file an original and one copy for the tax year in which you plan to leave. If you are departing between January 1, 2024, and April 15, 2024, you must also file Form 1040-NR, 1040, or 1040-SR for 2024 and pay any tax due. Generally, a certificate of compliance on Form 1040-C will be issued without your paying tax or posting bond if you have not received a termination assessment. A termination assessment is a demand for immediate payment of income tax for the current and immediately preceding year. This certificate applies to all of your departures during the current tax year, subject to revocation on any later departure if the Area Director believes your leaving would hinder collecting the tax. If you owe income tax and the Area Director determines that your departure will jeopardize the collection of the tax, a certificate of compliance on Form 1040-C will be issued only when you pay the tax due or post bond. The certificate will apply only to the departure for which it is issued. For additional information, go to IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Departing-Alien-Clearance-Sailing-Permit. Specific Instructions Joint return. Nonresident aliens cannot file a joint return. Resident aliens can file a joint return on Form 1040-C only if both of the following apply. The alien and their spouse reasonably expect to be eligible to file a joint return at the close of the tax period for which the return is made. If the tax period of the alien is terminated, the tax period of their spouse is terminated at the same time. If Form 1040-C is filed as a joint return, enter both spouses' names, identification numbers, and passport or alien registration card numbers in the spaces provided on page 1 of the form. Also, include both spouses' income in Part III and furnish both spouses' information in Part I of the form. It may be necessary to complete a separate Part I for each spouse. Identifying number. You must enter your identifying number where requested at the top of page 1 of Form 1040-C. Generally, this is your SSN. If you do not have an SSN, contact the Social Security Administration (SSA) to find out if you are eligible for one. You can call the SSA at 800-772-1213 (for the deaf or hard-of-hearing, call the TTY number, 800-325-0778). You can also visit the SSA's website at www.ssa.gov/ssnumber/, and then enter “Noncitizen” in the search box. ITIN. If you do not have an SSN and are not eligible to get one, you must apply for an ITIN. For details on how to apply for an ITIN, see Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, and its instructions. Get the form and its instructions at IRS.gov/FormW7. If you already have an ITIN, enter it wherever your SSN is requested on your tax return. If you are required to include another person's SSN on your return and that person does not have and cannot get an SSN, enter that person's ITIN. An ITIN is for tax use only. It does not entitle you to social security benefits or change your employment or immigration status under U.S. law. For more information, go to IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Taxpayer-Identification-Numbers-TIN. Part I—Explanation of Status—Resident or Nonresident Alien Generally, you are considered a resident alien if you meet either the green card test or the substantial presence test for 2024. You are considered a nonresident alien for the year if you do not meet either of these tests. For more information on resident and nonresident alien status, see Pub. 519. Green card test. You are a resident alien for tax purposes if you are a lawful permanent resident of the United States at any time during 2024. You are a lawful permanent resident of the United States if you have been given the privilege, under U.S. immigration laws, of residing permanently in the United States as an immigrant. You generally have this status if the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) (or its predecessor organization, the Immigration and Naturalization Service) has issued you an alien registration card, also known as a green card. Substantial presence test. You are considered a resident alien for tax purposes if you meet the substantial presence test for 2024. You meet this test if you were physically present in the United States for at least: 31 days during 2024, and 183 days during the period 2024, 2023, and 2022, using the following chart. (a) (b) (c) (d) Year Days of physical presence Multiplier Testing days (multiply (b) times (c)) 2024 1.000 2023 .333 2022 .167 Total testing days (add column (d)) Days of presence in the United States. Generally, you are treated as present in the United States on any day that you are physically present in the country at any time during the day. However, you do not count the following days of presence in the United States for the substantial presence test. Days you commuted to work in the United States from a residence in Canada or Mexico if you regularly commuted from Canada or Mexico. Days you were in the United States for less than 24 hours while you were traveling between two places outside the United States. Days you were temporarily present in the United States as a regular member of the crew of a foreign vessel engaged in transportation between the United States and a foreign country or a possession of the United States. This rule does not apply to any day you were otherwise engaged in a trade or business in the United States. Days you intended, but were unable, to leave the United States because of a medical condition or medical problem that arose while you were in the United States. Days you are in the United States under a NATO visa as a member of a force or civilian component to NATO. However, this exception does not apply to an immediate family member who is present in the United States under a NATO visa. A dependent family member must count every day of presence for purposes of the substantial presence test. Days you were an exempt individual. In general, an exempt individual is: (a) a foreign- government-related individual, (b) a teacher or trainee, (c) a student, or (d) a professional athlete who is temporarily present in the United States to compete in a charitable sports event. If you qualify to exclude days of presence in the United States because you are an exempt individual (other than a foreign-government-related individual) or because of a medical condition or problem, file Form 8843, Statement for Exempt Individuals and Individuals With a Medical Condition, with your final income tax return. Closer connection to a foreign country exception. Even though you otherwise would meet the substantial presence test, you are not treated as having met that test for 2024 if you: (a) were present in the United States for fewer than 183 days during 2024, (b) establish that during 2024 you had a tax home in a foreign country, and (c) establish that during 2024 you had a closer connection to one foreign country in which you had a tax home than to the United States unless you had a closer connection to 2 foreign countries. If you meet this exception, file Form 8840, Closer Connection Exception Statement for Aliens, with your final income tax return. Residence determined by tax treaty. If you are a dual-resident taxpayer, you can still claim the benefits under an income tax treaty on Form 8833, Treaty-Based Return Position Disclosure Under Section 6114 or 7701(b). A dual-resident taxpayer is one who is a resident of both the United States and another country under each country's tax laws. The income tax treaty between the two countries must contain a provision that provides for resolution of conflicting claims of residence (tie-breaker rule). If you are treated as a resident of a foreign country under a tax treaty, you are treated as a nonresident alien in figuring your U.S. income tax. For purposes other than figuring your tax, you will be treated as a U.S. resident. For more information, go to IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Tax-Treaties. Dual-status tax year. A dual-status tax year is one in which you have been both a resident alien and a nonresident alien. The most common dual-status tax years are the years of arrival and departure. In figuring your income tax liability for a dual-status tax year, different U.S. income tax rules apply to each status. You must follow these rules in completing Form 1040-C. See the Instructions for Form 1040-NR for details. Certain resident aliens who leave the United States during the year may be subject to tax under section 877A. These resident aliens compute their tax using the method prescribed under section 877A when completing Form 1040-C. See Form 8854 and its instructions. Also, see chapter 4 of Pub. 519 for more information. Income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business—nonresident aliens. If you are a nonresident alien, the tax on your income depends on whether the income is or is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (including wages earned by an employee) is taxed at the graduated rates that apply to U.S. citizens and resident aliens. Income you receive as a partner in a partnership or as a beneficiary of an estate or trust is considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business if the partnership, estate, or trust conducts a U.S. trade or business. Income from U.S. sources that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business is generally taxed at 30%. Your rate may be lower if the country of which you are a resident and the United States have a treaty setting lower rates. For a list of the types of income not considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, see the instructions for Schedule A—Income and Schedule B—Certain Gains and Losses From Sales or Exchanges by Nonresident Aliens of Property Not Effectively Connected With a U.S. Trade or Business , later. If you are a nonresident alien in the United States to study or train, see Pub. 519. Digital assets. Digital assets are any digital representations of value that are recorded on a cryptographically secured distributed ledger or any similar technology. For example, digital assets include non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and virtual currencies, such as cryptocurrencies and stablecoins. If a particular asset has the characteristics of a digital asset, it will be treated as a digital asset for federal income tax purposes Check the “Yes” box next to the question on digital assets on page 1 of Form 1040-C if at any time during 2024, you: Received (as a reward, award, or payment for property or services); or Sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of a digital asset (or any financial interest in any digital asset). For example, check “Yes” if at any time during 2024 you: Received digital assets as payment for property or services provided; Received digital assets as a result of a reward or award; Received new digital assets as a result of mining, staking, and similar activities; Received digital assets as a result of a hard fork; Disposed of digital assets in exchange for property or services; Disposed of a digital asset in exchange or trade for another digital asset; Sold a digital asset; or Otherwise disposed of any other financial interest in a digital asset. You have a financial interest in a digital asset if you are the owner of record of a digital asset, or have an ownership stake in an account that holds one or more digital assets, including the rights and obligations to acquire a financial interest, or you own a wallet that holds digital assets. The following actions or transactions in 2024, alone, generally don’t require you to check “Yes”: Holding a digital asset in a wallet or account; Transferring a digital asset from one wallet or account you own or control to another wallet or account that you own or control; or Purchasing digital assets using U.S. or other real currency, including through the use of electronic platforms such as PayPal and Venmo. Do not leave the question unanswered. You must answer “Yes” or “No” by checking the appropriate box. For more information, go to IRS.gov/virtualcurrencyfaqs. How to report digital assets transactions. If you disposed of any digital asset in 2024, that you held as a capital asset, through a sale, exchange, or transfer, check “Yes” and use Form 8949, Sales and other Dispositions of Capital Assets to calculate your capital gain or loss and report that gain or loss on Schedule D (Form 1040). If you received any digital asset as compensation for services or disposed of any digital asset that you held for sale to customers in a trade or business, you must report the income as you would report other income of the same type (for example, W-2 wages on Form 1040 -C, Schedule A, line 1). If you disposed of any digital asset by gift, you may be required to file Form 709. See Who Must File and Transfers Subject to the Gift Tax in the Instructions for Form 709 for more information. Part II—Dependents You may be able to claim a tax credit for your dependents. To find out if a person qualifies as your dependent, and to find out if your dependent qualifies you to take the child tax credit or the credit for other dependents, see the Instructions for Form 1040 or the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Line 15, column (b). You must enter each dependent's SSN or ITIN. See Identifying number , earlier. Line 15, column (d). Check the appropriate box in this column if your dependent is a qualifying child for the child tax credit or for the credit for other dependents. Part III—Figuring Your Income Tax Read the descriptions on line 1 of Form 1040-C for Groups I, II, and III to see which group(s) applies to you. If Group I or II applies, use lines 16 through 23 to figure your tax. If Group III applies, use lines 24 and 25 to figure your tax. If you are a nonresident alien to which both Groups II and III apply, use lines 16 through 25 to figure your tax. Line 17. Adjustments. If you are a resident alien, you can take the adjustments allowed on Form 1040 (or 1040-SR). The current Instructions for Form 1040 have information on adjustments you can take. If you are a nonresident alien and have income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, you can take the adjustments allowed on Form 1040-NR. See the Form 1040-NR instructions. If you are a nonresident alien and all your income is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, you cannot take any adjustments. Adjustments that you take on line 17 include the qualified business income deduction and the excess business loss adjustment figured on Form 461, Limitation on Business Losses. Qualified business income deduction. Generally, taxpayers other than corporations are allowed a deduction of up to 20% of their qualified business income from a qualified trade or business. The deduction is subject to multiple limitations such as the type of trade or business, the taxpayer's taxable income, the amount of W-2 wages paid with respect to the qualified trade or business, and the unadjusted basis of qualified property held by the trade or business. The deduction can be taken in addition to the standard or itemized deductions. For more information, see Form 8995, Qualified Business Income Deduction Simplified Computation and Form 8995-A, Qualified Business Income Deduction, and their instructions. Excess business loss adjustment. Excess business losses for noncorporate taxpayers are limited to tax years beginning after 2020 and before 2029. Also, excess business losses are now computed without regard to any deduction allowed under section 172 or 199A and without regard to any deductions, gross income, or gains attributable to any trade or business of performing services as an employee. See Form 461 and its instructions for more information. The CARES Act repealed the limitation on excess business losses under section 461(l) of the Internal Revenue Code for tax years 2018, 2019, and 2020. If you filed a 2018, 2019, or 2020, return with the limitation, you can file an amended tax return to use the losses to reduce your income Line 20. Credits. If you are a Group I (resident alien) filer, you can claim the same credits as on Form 1040 (or 1040-SR). If you are a Group II (nonresident alien with income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business) filer, you can generally claim the same credits as on Form 1040-NR. Line 22. Other taxes. Enter on line 22 any other taxes such as those listed below. Also use the 2023 Instructions for Form 1040 or the 2023 Instructions for Form 1040-NR for information on the additional taxes to include on this line. Self-employment tax. This tax applies to resident aliens and to nonresident aliens if an international social security agreement in effect determines that the nonresident alien is covered under the U.S. social security system. The self-employment tax rate for 2024 is 15.3%. This includes a 2.9% Medicare tax and a 12.4% social security tax. Use Schedule SE (Form 1040), Form 1040-PR, or Form 1040-SS to figure your self-employment tax. For 2024, the maximum amount of self-employment income subject to the social security tax is $168,600. There is no limit on the amount of self-employment income subject to the Medicare tax. You can find more information on international social security agreements (also known as totalization agreements) at IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Totalization-Agreements. Social security and Medicare taxes on tip income not reported to employer. If you received tips of $20 or more in any month and you did not report the full amount to your employer, you must generally pay these taxes. See the Instructions for Form 1040 or the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Social security and Medicare taxes not withheld by employer. If you are an employee who received wages from an employer who did not withhold social security and Medicare tax from your wages, you may owe these taxes. See the Instructions for Form 1040 or the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Additional Medicare Tax. For information about the Additional Medicare Tax, see the Instructions for Form 8959. Net Investment Income Tax. For information about the Net Investment Income Tax, see the Instructions for Form 8960. Additional tax on IRAs, other qualified retirement plans, etc. If you received a distribution from or made an excess contribution to one of these plans, you may owe this tax. See the Instructions for Form 1040 or the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Household employment taxes. If you pay cash wages to any one household employee in 2024, you may owe this tax. See the Instructions for Form 1040 or the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Tax on accumulation distribution of trusts. Use Form 4970, Tax on Accumulation Distribution of Trusts to figure the tax. Tax from recapture of investment credit. Use Form 4255, Recapture of Investment Credit to figure the tax. Tax from recapture of low-income housing credit. Use Form 8611, Recapture of Low-Income Housing Credit to figure the tax. Tax from recapture of federal mortgage subsidy. Use Form 8828, U.S. Withholding Tax Return for Certain Dispositions by Foreign Persons to figure the tax. Repayment of first-time homebuyer credit. You must repay the first-time homebuyer credit if you bought the home in 2008. For details about repaying the first-time homebuyer credit, see the Instructions for Form 5405. Line 25. Tax. Generally, you must enter 30% of the amount on line 24. However, if you are entitled to a lower rate or an exemption from tax because of a treaty between your country and the United States, attach a statement showing your computation of the tax. Also, include the applicable treaty article(s). You can find information on lower rates or an exemption from tax because of a treaty between your country and the United States at IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Tax-Treaty-Tables. Line 29. Other payments. Include on line 29 any of the following payments. See the Instructions for Form 1040 or the Instructions for Form 1040-NR for details on other payments to include on this line. Earned income credit (EIC). This credit applies only to resident aliens. Enter any EIC that is due to you. Additional child tax credit. For information on the credit and any changes for 2024, see Pub. 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax. If you are a Group I (resident alien) filer and you exclude any foreign earned income from your gross income (see section 911 and Form 2555, Foreign Earned Income), you may not claim any additional child tax credit here on line 29. You are only allowed to claim the child tax credit to the extent allowable on line 20. Net Premium Tax Credit (PTC). For information about the Net PTC, see the Instructions for Form 8962 and Pub. 974, Premium Tax Credit. U.S. income tax paid at previous departure during the tax period. Enter any tax you paid if you previously departed the United States during this tax period. Excess social security and RRTA tax withheld. If you had two or more employers in 2024 who together paid you more than $168,600 in wages, too much social security tax or tier 1 railroad retirement (RRTA) tax may have been withheld. See Pub. 505. Credit for federal tax paid on fuels. Use Form 4136, Credit For Federal Tax Paid On Fuels to figure the credit. Signature Form 1040-C is not considered a valid return unless you sign it. You may have an agent in the United States prepare and sign your return if you are sick or otherwise unable to sign. However, you must have IRS approval to use an agent. To obtain approval, file a statement with the IRS office where you file Form 1040-C explaining why you cannot sign. If an agent (including your spouse) signs for you, your authorization of the signature must be filed with the return. Court-appointed conservator, guardian, or other fiduciary. If you are a court-appointed conservator, guardian, or other fiduciary for an individual who has to file Form 1040-C, sign your name for the individual. File Form 56. Paid preparers must sign. Generally, anyone you pay to prepare your return must sign it and include their Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN) in the space provided. The preparer must also give you a copy of the return for your records. Someone who prepares your return but does not charge you should not sign your return. Schedule A—Income Line 1, column (c). Enter amounts shown as federal income tax withheld on your Forms W-2, 1099, 1042-S, etc. Be sure to enter the amount withheld on the same line on which the related income is reported. Include the amount of any Additional Medicare Tax withheld by your employer. For more information, visit IRS.gov/Businesses/Small-Businesses-Self-Employed/Questions-And-Answers-For-The-Additional-Medicare-Tax. Line 1, column (d). Resident aliens should include income that would be included on Form 1040 (or 1040-SR), such as wages, salaries, interest, dividends, rents, and certain alimony received (see Caution, next). Alimony or separate maintenance received pursuant to a divorce or separation agreement entered into on or before December 31, 2018, is income on your Form 1040-C unless that agreement was changed after December 31, 2018, to expressly provide that alimony received isn't included in your income. Alimony received is not included in your income if you entered into the divorce or separation agreement after December 31, 2018. Line 1, column (e). Enter nonresident alien income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Nonresident aliens should include income that would be included on page 1 of Form 1040-NR. This includes: Salaries and wages (generally shown in box 1 of Form W-2), The taxable part of a scholarship or fellowship grant, Business income or loss (income that would be included on Schedule C (Form 1040) as an attachment to Form 1040-NR), and Any other income considered to be effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. See the Instructions for Form 1040-NR for details. Line 1, column (f). Enter nonresident alien income from U.S. sources that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, including: Interest, dividends, rents, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compensation, remuneration, and other fixed or determinable annual or periodic gains, profits, income, and certain alimony received (see Caution, earlier); Prizes, awards, and certain gambling winnings. Proceeds from lotteries, raffles, etc., are gambling winnings. You must report the full amount of your winnings. In most cases, you cannot offset losses against winnings and report the difference; 85% of the U.S. social security benefits you receive. This amount is treated as U.S. source income not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and is subject to the 30% tax rate, unless exempt or taxed at a reduced rate under a U.S. tax treaty. Social security benefits include any monthly benefit under Title II of the Social Security Act or part of a tier 1 railroad retirement benefit treated as a social security benefit. They do not include any supplemental security income (SSI) payments. Line 5. Include on line 5, column (d), (e), or (f), all income you received during the year that is exempt by Code (see examples below). Also, include on line 5 income that is exempt by treaty, but only if the income is reportable in column (d) or (e). Attach a statement that shows the basis for the treaty exemption (including treaty and article(s)). Note. Do not include on line 5 income reportable in column (f) that is exempt by treaty. Instead, report these amounts on line 1 of column (f) and explain on the statement required for Part III, line 25, the basis for the reduced rate or exemption. Be sure to include on line 5, column (c), any amount withheld on exempt income you are reporting on line 5, column (d), (e), or (f). For example, include amounts that were withheld by a withholding agent that was required to withhold due to lack of documentation. However, do not include amounts reimbursed by the withholding agent. Do not include on lines 1 through 4 any amount that is reportable on line 5. Exempt income for nonresident aliens. The following income received by nonresident aliens is exempt from U.S. tax. Interest on bank deposits or withdrawable accounts with savings and loan associations or credit unions that are chartered and supervised under federal or state law, or amounts held by an insurance company under an agreement to pay interest on them, if the income is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Certain portfolio interest on obligations issued after July 18, 1984, is also exempt income. Your personal service income if: You were in the United States 90 days or less during the tax year, You received $3,000 or less for your services, and You performed the services as an employee of or under contract with a nonresident alien individual, foreign partnership, or foreign corporation not engaged in a U.S. trade or business; or for a foreign office of a U.S. partnership, corporation, citizen, or resident. Capital gains not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business if you were in the United States fewer than 183 days during the tax year. Exception: Gain or loss on the disposition of a U.S. real property interest is not exempt. U.S. bond income. Your income from series E, EE, H, or HH U.S. savings bonds that you bought while a resident of the Ryukyu Islands (including Okinawa) or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Caroline and Marshall Islands). Annuities you received from qualified annuity plans or trusts if both of the following conditions apply. The work that entitles you to the annuity was performed either (1) in the United States for a foreign employer and you met the conditions under 2 earlier, or (2) outside the United States; and When the first amount was paid as an annuity, at least 90% of the employees covered by the plan (or by the plan or plans that included the trust) were U.S. citizens or residents. U.S. source dividends paid by certain foreign corporations if they are not effectively connected with your U.S. trade or business. See Second exception under Dividends in chapter 2 of Pub. 519 for the definition of foreign corporation and how to figure the amount of excludable dividends. Certain items of income may be exempt from federal tax under a tax treaty. For more information, go to IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Tax-Treaty-Tables. For general information on tax treaties, go to IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Tax-Treaties. Also, see Pub. 901, U.S. Tax Treaties. Schedule B—Certain Gains and Losses From Sales or Exchanges by Nonresident Aliens of Property Not Effectively Connected With a U.S. Trade or Business If you are a nonresident alien, use Schedule B to figure your gain or loss from the sale or exchange of property not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Include the following types of income. For more information on these types of income, see Pub. 519 and the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. 1. Capital gains. Capital gains in excess of capital losses if you were in the United States at least 183 days during the year. Note. The gain or loss on the disposition of a U.S. real property interest is considered effectively connected and should be shown in Schedule A, column (e). 2. Income other than capital gains. Gains on the disposal of timber, coal, or U.S. iron ore with a retained economic interest. Gains from the sale or exchange of patents, copyrights, secret processes and formulas, goodwill, trademarks, trade brands, franchises, and other like property, or of any interest in any such property. The gains must result from payments for the production, use, or disposition of the property or interest. Original issue discount (OID). If you sold or exchanged the obligation, include only the OID that accrued while you held the obligation minus the amount previously included in income. If you received a payment on the obligation, see Pub. 519. Schedule C—Itemized Deductions If you are a resident alien, you can take the deductions allowed on Schedule A (Form 1040). See the Instructions for Schedule A (Form 1040). If you are a nonresident alien and have income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, you can take the deductions allowed on Schedule A (Form 1040-NR). See the Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Note. If you do not have income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, you cannot take any deductions. Residents of India who were students or business apprentices may be able to take the standard deduction. See Pub. 519 for details. Personal casualty losses. You can claim an itemized deduction for any personal casualty loss only to the extent it is attributable to a federally declared disaster. Disaster tax relief. You can find information on prior and the most recent Presidentially declared disasters at IRS.gov/DisasterTaxRelief. For prior declared disaster and tax relief provided by the IRS based on FEMA's declarations of individual assistance, visit Around the Nation. For more information, see the current Instructions for Form 4684. Line 2. Add the amounts in columns (b) and (d) of line 1. Enter the total here and on Schedule D, line 2 or line 8, whichever applies. Schedule D—Tax Computation Standard Deduction (Group I only) If you do not itemize your deductions, you can take the 2024 standard deduction listed below for your filing status. Filing Status Standard Deduction Married filing jointly or Qualifying surviving spouse $29,200* Head of household $21,900* Single or Married filing separately $14,600* *To these amounts, add the additional amount shown, later. Additional amount for the elderly or the blind. An additional standard deduction amount of $1,550 is allowed for a married individual (whether filing jointly or separately) or a qualifying surviving spouse who is age 65 or older or blind in 2024 ($3,100 if the individual is both age 65 or older and blind, $6,200 if both spouses are age 65 or older and blind). An additional standard deduction amount of $1,950 is allowed for an unmarried individual (single or head of household) who is age 65 or older or blind ($3,900 if the individual is both age 65 or older and blind). Note. If you were born before January 2, 1959, you are considered to be age 65 or older in 2024. Your standard deduction is zero if (a) your spouse itemizes on a separate return, or (b) you were a dual-status alien and you do not elect to be taxed as a resident alien for 2024. Lines 4 and 10 Include in the total on line 4 or line 10, whichever applies, any tax from Form 4972, Tax on Lump-Sum Distributions, and Form 8814, Parents' Election To Report Child's Interest and Dividends. Also, include any recapture of an education credit. You may owe this tax if you claimed an education credit in an earlier year and either tax-free educational assistance or a refund of qualified expenses was received in 2023 for the student. See Form 8863, Education Credits for more details. Lines 5 and 11 Include in the total on line 5 or line 11, whichever applies, any tax from Form 6251, Alternative Minimum Tax—Individuals. The AMT exemption amount is: $85,700 if single or head of household; $133,300 if married filing jointly or a qualifying surviving spouse $66,650 if married filing separately. Lines 6 and 12 Include in the total on line 6 or line 12, the excess advance premium tax credit repayment from line 29 of Form 8962. See the Instructions for Form 8962. Additional information.Getting tax forms, instructions, and publications.Ordering tax forms, instructions, and publications.Online tax information in other languages.Getting answers to your tax questions. For more information on the taxation of resident and nonresident aliens, residency tests, and other special rules, see Pub. 519. Go to IRS.gov/Forms to download current and prior-year forms, instructions, and publications. Go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to order current forms, instructions, and publications; call 800-829-3676 to order prior-year forms and instructions. The IRS will process your order for forms and publications as soon as possible. Don't resubmit requests you've already sent us. You can get forms and publications faster online. People who are deaf, hard-of-hearing, or have a speech disability and who have access to TTY/TDD equipment can call 800-829-4059. Deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals can also contact the IRS through relay services such as Telecommunications Relay Services at FCC.gov/TRS. You can find information on IRS.gov/MyLanguage if English isn't your native language. If you have a tax question not answered by this publication, go to IRS.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers. You can also go to the IRS Interactive Tax Assistant page at IRS.gov/Help/ITA where you can find topics by using the search feature or viewing the categories listed. Getting a transcript of your return. With an online account, you can access a variety of information to help you during the filing season. You can get a transcript, review your most recently filed tax return, and get your adjusted gross income. Create or access your online account at IRS.gov/Account. Reporting and resolving your tax-related identity theft issues. Tax-related identity theft happens when someone steals your personal information to commit tax fraud. Your taxes can be affected if your SSN is used to file a fraudulent return or to claim a refund or credit. The IRS doesn’t initiate contact with taxpayers by email, text messages (including shortened links), telephone calls, or social media channels to request or verify personal or financial information. This includes requests for personal identification numbers (PINs), passwords, or similar information for credit cards, banks, or other financial accounts. Go to IRS.gov/IdentityTheft, the IRS Identity Theft Central webpage, for information on identity theft and data security protection for taxpayers, tax professionals, and businesses. If your SSN has been lost or stolen or you suspect you’re a victim of tax-related identity theft, you can learn what steps you should take. Get an Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN). IP PINs are six-digit numbers assigned to taxpayers to help prevent the misuse of their SSNs on fraudulent federal income tax returns. When you have an IP PIN, it prevents someone else from filing a tax return with your SSN. To learn more, go to IRS.gov/IPPIN. Protect yourself from suspicious emails or phishing schemes. Phishing is the creation and use of email and websites designed to mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most common form is sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft. The IRS doesn't initiate contact with taxpayers via emails. Also, the IRS doesn't request detailed personal information through email or ask taxpayers for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access information for their credit card, bank, or other financial accounts. If you receive an unsolicited email claiming to be from the IRS, forward the message to phishing@irs.gov. You may also report misuse of the IRS name, logo, forms, or other IRS property to the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration toll free at 800-366-4484. People who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability and who have access to TTY/TDD equipment can call 800-877-8339. You can forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at spam@uce.gov or report them at ftc.gov/complaint. You can contact them at ftc.gov/idtheft or 877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). If you have been the victim of identity theft, see IdentityTheft.gov and Pub. 5027. People who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability and who have access to TTY/TDD equipment can call 866-653-4261. Visit IRS.gov and enter “identity theft” in the search box to learn more about identity theft and how to reduce your risk. The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Is Here To Help You What Is TAS? TAS is an independent organization within the IRS that helps taxpayers and protects taxpayer rights. TAS strives to ensure that every taxpayer is treated fairly and that you know and understand your rights under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights. How Can You Learn About Your Taxpayer Rights? The Taxpayer Bill of Rights describes 10 basic rights that all taxpayers have when dealing with the IRS. Go to TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov to help you understand what these rights mean to you and how they apply. These are your rights. Know them. Use them. What Can TAS Do for You? TAS can help you resolve problems that you can’t resolve with the IRS. And their service is free. If you qualify for their assistance, you will be assigned to one advocate who will work with you throughout the process and will do everything possible to resolve your issue. TAS can help you if: Your problem is causing financial difficulty for you, your family, or your business; You face (or your business is facing) an immediate threat of adverse action; or You’ve tried repeatedly to contact the IRS but no one has responded, or the IRS hasn’t responded by the date promised. How Can You Reach TAS? TAS has offices in every state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To find your advocate’s number: Go to TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/Contact-Us; Call the IRS toll free at 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676) to order a copy of Pub. 1546; Check your local directory; or Call TAS toll free at 877-777-4778. How Else Does TAS Help Taxpayers? TAS works to resolve large-scale problems that affect many taxpayers. If you know of one of these broad issues, report it to TAS at IRS.gov/SAMS. Be sure to not include any personal taxpayer information. Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs) LITCs are independent from the IRS and TAS. LITCs represent individuals whose income is below a certain level and who need to resolve tax problems with the IRS. LITCs can represent taxpayers in audits, appeals, and tax collection disputes before the IRS and in court. In addition, LITCs can provide information about taxpayer rights and responsibilities in different languages for individuals who speak English as a second language. Services are offered for free or a small fee. For more information or to find an LITC near you, go to the LITC page at TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/LITC or see IRS Pub. 4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List, at IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/4134.pdf. Instructions for Form 1040-C - Notices Instructions for Form 1040-C - Notices Disclosure, Privacy Act, and Paperwork Reduction Act Notice. We ask for the information on this form to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the United States. Sections 6001, 6011, 6012(a), 6851, and their regulations require that you give us the information. We need it to ensure that you are complying with these laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax. Section 6109 requires you to provide your identifying number on the return. Generally, tax returns and return information are confidential, as required by section 6103. However, section 6103 allows or requires the Internal Revenue Service to disclose or give the information shown on your tax return to others as described in the Code. For example, we may disclose your tax information to the Department of Justice to enforce the tax laws, both civil and criminal, and to cities, states, the District of Columbia, U.S. commonwealths and possessions to carry out their tax laws. We may also disclose this information to other countries under a tax treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce federal nontax criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism. If you do not provide the information requested, or provide false information, you may be subject to penalties. You are not required to provide the information requested on a form that is subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act unless the form displays a valid OMB control number. Books or records relating to a form or its instructions must be retained as long as their contents may become material in the administration of any Internal Revenue law. The average time and expenses required to complete and file this form will vary depending on individual circumstances. For the estimated time and expenses, see the Instructions for Form 1040 or your income tax return. Comments and suggestions. We welcome your comments about this publication and suggestions for future editions. You can send us comments through IRS.gov/FormComments. Or, you can write to the Internal Revenue Service, Tax Forms and Publications, 1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6526, Washington, DC 20224. Although we can’t respond individually to each comment received, we do appreciate your feedback and will consider your comments and suggestions as we revise our tax forms, instructions, and publications. Don’t send tax questions, tax returns, or payments to the above address. Instead, see How To Get the Certificate , earlier. 2024 Tax Rate Schedules (Groups I and II) Do not use these Tax Rate Schedules to figure your 2023 taxes. Use only to figure your 2024 taxes. Schedule X—Single Taxpayers (Groups I and II) Schedule Z—Head of Household (Group I only) If the amount on Schedule D, line 3 or 9, is: The tax is: If the amount on Schedule D, line 3, is: The tax is: Over— But not over— of the amount over— Over— But not over— of the amount over— $0 $11,600 - - - - - - - - - 10% $0 $0 $15,700 - - - - - - - - - 10% $0 11,600 47,150 $1,160.00 + 12% 11,600 16,550 63,100 $1,655.00 + 12% 16,550 47,150 100,525 5,426.00 + 22% 47,150 63,100 100,500 7,241.00 + 22% 63,100 100,525 191,950 17,168.50 + 24% 100,525 100,500 191,950 15,469.00 + 24% 100,500 191,950 243,725 39,110.50 + 32% 191,950 191,950 243,700 37,417.00 + 32% 191,950 243,725 609,350 55,678.50 + 35% 243,725 243,700 609,350 53,977.00 + 35% 243,700 609,350 - - - - - - 183,647.25 + 37% 609,350 609,350 - - - - - - 181,954.50 + 37% 609,350 Schedule Y—Married Filing Joint Return (Group I only) and Qualifying Surviving Spouse (Groups I and II) Schedule Y—Married Filing Separate Return (Groups I and II) If the amount on Schedule D, line 3 or 9, is: The tax is: If the amount on Schedule D, line 3 or 9, is: The tax is: Over— of the amount over— Over— But not over— of the amount over— $0 23,200 - - - - - - - - - - 10% $0 $0 $11,600 - - - - - - - - - 10% $0 23,200 94,300 $2,320.00 + 12% 23,200 11,600 47,150 $1,160.00 + 12% 11,600 94,300 201,050 10,852.00 + 22% 94,300 47,150 100,525 5,426.00 + 22% 47,150 201,050 383,900 34,337.00 + 24% 201,050 100,525 191,950 17,168.50 + 24% 100,525 383,900 487,450 78,221.00 + 32% 383,900 191,950 243,725 39,110.50 + 32% 191,950 487,450 731,200 111,357.00 + 35% 487,450 243,725 365,600 55,678.50 + 35% 243,725 731,200 - - - - - - 196,699.50 + 37% 693,750 365,600 - - - - - - 98,334.75 + 37% 365,600
